Electronic and magnetic properties of the monolayer RuCl3_3: A first-principles and Monte Carlo study

Recent experiments revealed that monolayer $\alpha$-RuCl$_3$ can be obtain by chemical exfoliation method and exfoliation or restacking of nanosheets can manipulate the magnetic properties of the materials. In this present paper, the electronic and magnetic properties of $\alpha$-RuCl$_3$ monolayer are investigated by combining first-principles calculations and Monte Carlo simulations. From first-principles calculations, we found that the spin configuration FM corresponds to the ground state for $\alpha$-RuCl$_3$, however, the other excited zigzag oriented spin configuration has energy of 5 meV/atom higher than the ground state. Energy band gap has been obtained as $3$ meV using PBE functionals. When spin-orbit coupling effect is taken into account, corresponding energy gap is determined to be as $57$ meV. We also investigate the effect of Hubbard U energy terms on the electronic band structure of $\alpha$-RuCl$_3$ monolayer and revealed band gap increases approximately linear with increasing U value. Moreover, spin-spin coupling terms ($J_1$, $J_2$, $J_3$) have been obtained using first principles calculations. By benefiting from these terms, Monte Carlo simulations with single site update Metropolis algorithm have been implemented to elucidate magnetic properties of the considered system. Thermal variations of magnetization, susceptibility and also specific heat curves indicate that monolayer $\alpha$-RuCl$_3$ exhibits a phase transition between ordered and disordered phases at the Curie temperature $14.21$ K. We believe that this study can be utilized to improve two-dimensional magnet materials

The post- war and postmodern English campus novel: Lucky Jim By Kingsley Amis ve Changing places by David Lodge

Bu tez çoğunlukla 20. yüzyıl ürünü olan ama tarihsel süreci de uzun olan Kampüs Roman üzerine odaklanmıştır. 20. yüzyıl çeşitli diğer edebi dönemleri, edebi akımlar ve eğilimler kadar tarihi ve kültürel süreçleri de içine alan cok kompleks sanatsal ve edebi bir dönemdir. Ilk yarısı realizm veya geleneksele karşı modernizm veya modernist sanat ve edebiyatı kapsamaktadır ve çift yönlüdür. Modernizm özü yansıtma olarak karşımıza çıkan geç modern tecrübeye dayalı, yenilikçi ve modernliğin geç modern bir öz eleştirisidir. 1960’lardan sonraki dönem çağdaş tarihsel, sosyal ve kültürel durum açısından postmodern veya postmodernlik olarak adlandırılır. Modernizme karşı bir tepki olmakla birlikte bir sıfat olarak edebiyatta ve belki de kültürel tarihte belirli bir döneme ve bir estetik bütünlük sitiline ve prensiplerine işaret eder. Postmodernizmin yansıtıcı mantığı ve sanatsal uygulamaları postmodernizm veya posmodernist sanat ve edebiyat olarak adlandırılır. Dahası postmodernizm dönüşümsel kültürel bir fenomen ya da postmodern dönemin tavrı, estetik bir fenomen ve geç estetik modernite olarak modernizme karşı bir tepkidir. Ama II. Dünya savaşından sonra yaklaşık olarak 10-15 yıl devam eden postmodern dönemden önce gelen savaş sonrası olarak adlandırılan bir dönem mevcuttur. Bir bütün olarak 20. yüzyılın ikinci yarısında göze çarpan bir tipoloji geliştiren en üretken ve popüler edebi tür romandır. Angry Young fiction (Öfkeli Genç roman) (Braine, Amis, Brain, Wain), yeni-gerçekçi roman, kampüs roman, felsefi ve hayali roman (Golding, Murdoch), büyülü gerçekçilik (Carter, Rushdie), historiyografik üstkurgu (Swift, Ackroyd), sömürgecilik sonrası roman (Rushdie, Ali) bu döneme örnek olarak verilebilecek tür ve yazarlardır. Bu tezin ana temasını oluşturan Kingsley Amis tarafından yazılan Lucky Jim ve David Lodge tarafından yazılan Changing Places adlı iki roman sırasıyla savaş sonrası dönem ve postmodern dönemi temsil etmektedir. Bu tezde her iki romanın da kampüs roman türüne ait olma sebepleri, farklı dönemlere ve eğilimlere sahip olsalar bile benzerlikleri ve farklılıkları içerik ve anlatım stratejileri ile bağlantılı olarak karşılaştırılmıştır. Kingsley Amis tarafından yazılan Lucky Jim geniş bir sosyal ve kültürel içeriğe açık olan akademik bir özgeçmişe sahip, sosyal, ahlaki ve kahramanın kişisel bilinçlenme süreci açısından İngiliz Edebiyatında Angry Young Men olarak bilinen savaş sonrası döneme ait gerçekçi bir bakış açısına sahiptir. Üretken bir romancı ve edebiyat eleştirmeni olan David Lodge Changing Places adlı kampüs romanında üst kurgusal elementler, metinler arası perspektifler, parça parça anlatımlar ve bunun gibi postmodern özelliklerle birlikte Binary opposition (ikili karşıtlık)’ın yapısal prensibine de öncelikli yer vererek romanı yapısal bir boyutta sunmaktadır.The present thesis focuses on a particular fictional event – the campus novel – having a long developmental history but largely a product of the twentieth century, which is a very complex artistic and literary period encompassing various other literary periods, and also historical and cultural periods, as well as many literary movements and trends. Its first part is twofold consisting of realism or traditional versus modernism or modernist art and literature. Modernism is the late modern experimental and innovative art standing as a self-reflection and a late modern self-criticism of modernity. The period after the 1960s is the contemporary historical, social and cultural condition, which is called postmodern period or postmodernity. It is a reaction to modernity; also, postmodern as adjective refers to a particular period in literary and perhaps cultural history and to a set of aesthetic styles and principles. The reflecting mentality and artistic practice of postmodernity is called postmodernism or postmodernist art and literature; hence postmodernism is a reflexive cultural phenomenon or attitude of the postmodern period, an aesthetic phenomenon, and a reaction to modernism as late aesthetic modernity. But there is also a period after World War 2, which lasted for some ten or fifteen years, called the post-war period and coming before the postmodern one. In the second half of the twentieth century on the whole, the most prolific and popular genre is novel, which developed a remarkable typology: Angry Young fiction (Braine, Amis, Brain, Wain), neo-realist novel, campus novel, philosophical and visionary novel (Golding, Murdoch), magical realism (Carter, Rushdie), historiographic metafiction (Swift, Ackroyd), postcolonial novel (Rushdie, Ali), and so on. The two novels that constitute the main concern of our study – Lucky Jim by Kingsley Amis and Changing Places by David Lodge – represent the post-war period and the postmodern period, respectively. We embark on their comparison on the premises that they are both campus novels and as such, even if they belong to different periods and trends, they can be subject to a comparative approach in order to reveal their similarities and differences with regard to both their thematic perspectives and narrative strategies. Having the academic background, which is open to larger social and cultural contexts, as its central element, the campus novel receives in Lucky Jim by Kingsley Amis a realist perspective specific to the post-war English literature of the Angry Young Man with its social and moral concerns, and the drama of individual consciousness in constructing the protagonist. A prolific novelist and literary critic, David Lodge provides his campus novel with various postmodern aspects, such as metafictional elements, intertextual perspectives, fragmentariness, and so on, while primarily employing the structuralist principle of “binary opposition” and making it acquire a structural dimension in his Changing Places

Determination of Knowledge, Attitudes and Behaviors Regarding Factors Causing Home Accidents and Prevention in Mothers with a Child Aged 0-5 Years

Objective: In this study, it was aimed to determine knowledge, “attitudes” and “behaviors” in mothers with a child aged 0-5 years regarding factors causing “home accidents” and prevention. Method: The target population of the study consisted of mothers with a child aged 0-5 years who were admitted to pediatrics ward of A County Hospital. The sample size was determined as 305 subjects by power analysis. Overall, 340 mothers were recruited. The data sheet developed by researchers and a questionnaire on parental attitudes about home accidents developed by Yalaki et al. were used for data collection. Before data collection, verbal consent was obtained from mothers. The study was approved by local Ethics Committee. Data were analyzed by using Kruskal-Wallis test, t test and chi-square test. Results: Mean age was 30.11 ± 5.8 years among mothers included. A significant association was detected between experiencing home accident and maternal age, maternal education level, number of child, number of person in the family and income of family (p<0.05). In this study, it was found that wrong attitudes and behaviors were more common among mothers of children experienced home accident (p<0.05). Conclusions: It was found that there is a significant association between home accident and maternal age, maternal education level, number of child, number of person in the family, residence and income level. In addition, it was found that mother of “children” experience home accident have inappropriate attitudes and behaviors regarding prevention of home accidents and that education is an important factor in prevention of home accidents. Keywords: Attitudes, behavior, home accident, childre

AN ANALYSIS OF THE REASONING SKILLS OF PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS IN THE CONTEXT OF MATHEMATICAL THINKING

The aim of this study is to address and analyse pre-service teachers’ mathematical reasoning skills in relation to mathematical thinking processes. For these purposes, pre-service teachers’ mathematical reasoning skills namely generalising/abstraction/modelling, ratiocination, development and creative thinking skills and the relationships among these skills are examined. Apart from these, it is explored whether grade level and gender have an effect on the application of these skills. The study is based on a mixed method research design and is carried out with 197 pre-service teachers of different grade levels in the school of education of a public university. One of the data collection tools used in the study is mathematical thinking and reasoning skills test which was developed by Başaran (2011) and comprises 21 open-ended questions on real-life problems. The second one is the Mathematical Reasoning Skills and Indicators developed by the researchers in the light of a study by Alkan and Taşdan (2011). Content analysis is performed on the data gathered from the pilot study conducted as the first step of the data analysis and the content of the quantitative data analysis is defined. As the second step, some parametric and non-parametric tests are utilized using the SPSS 15.0 software. As a result of the study, it has been revealed that pre-service teachers’ scores on generalising/abstraction/modelling and ratiocination skills are close to average whereas their scores on development and creative thinking skills are below average. It has also been concluded that all the relationships among pre-service teachers’ reasoning skills are significant and that correlations among the skills which are associated with stages that follow one another are stronger than the others. Another result of the study is that, in relation to the gender variable, there is a significant difference among the scores concerning generalising/abstraction/modelling and ratiocination skills, yet there are not any significant differences among the development and creative thinking skills scores. In relation to the grade variable, on the other hand, there aren’t any significant differences among the scores concerning generalising/abstraction/modelling (GAM) and reasoning (R) and improving (İ) skills, yet there are significant differences among the creative thinking skills scores of freshman and sophomore pre-service teachers and among those of the sophomore and junior pre-service teachers.Results of the present study are discussed in relation to the relevant literature and some recommendations for future studies pertaining to the subject and to learning environment quality are presented.  Article visualizations

Değişen çevrede stratejik yönetim araçlarının kullanımı: Covid-19 döneminde bir Türk üniversite hastanesinde nitel bir vaka çalışması

Purpose: This study aims to examine the managerial practices of a hospital managers to keep up with the changing environment during the Covid-19 (pandemic) period. The authors aim to better understand and research what the managers of this hospital do while keeping up with the staggering change, by placing the use of strategic management tools (SMTs) on the theoretical ground of the Normative Model of Strategic Management (NMSM). Methods: This is exploratory, qualitative, and a single case study. The data were collected through in-depth interviews with 12 mid-level and senior managers of hospital’s, each of which lasted an average of 50 minutes, through a semistructured form. The data were evaluated using inductive content analysis methods in line with predetermined themes. Results: The main finding is that both middle and senior managers use 16 SMTs at various stages of strategic management process to respond to the changing internal and external environment during the pandemic. SMTs were used most intensively in the strategic analysis phase. At this phase, with the reengineering, which is the most used tool, and nonemergency health services were postponed, workflows were renewed, and many services were digitized. Conclusion: By using different SMTs in their decisions, managers can gain strategic advantage for their purposes. While supply chain management is a tool used only by the purchasing unit manager, reengineering can be a tool that every manager uses to adapt to the environment. Being aware of these tools by managers at all levels and diversifying them will enable them to make better managerial practices.Amaç: Bu çalışma, bir hastanenin yöneticilerinin Covid-19 (pandemi) döneminde değişen çevreye ayak uydurmak için yönetsel uygulamalarını incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Yazarlar stratejik yönetim araçlarının (SYA) kullanımını, Normatif Stratejik Yönetim Modelinin (NSYM) teorik zeminine yerleştirerek, bu hastanenin yöneticilerinin baş döndürücü değişime ayak uydururken neler yaptığını daha iyi anlamayı ve araştırmayı amaçlamaktadır. Yöntem: Bu keşifsel, nitel ve tek durum çalışmasıdır. Veriler, hastanenin 12 orta ve üst düzey yöneticisi ile ortalama 50 dakika süren derinlemesine görüşmeler yoluyla yarı yapılandırılmış bir form aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. Veriler önceden belirlenmiş temalar doğrultusunda tümevarımsal içerik analizi ile değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: Ana bulgu hem orta hem de üst düzey yöneticilerin, pandemi sırasında değişen iç ve dış çevreye yanıt vermek için stratejik yönetim sürecinin çeşitli aşamalarında 16 SYA’yı kullandığıdır. SYA’lar en yoğun olarak stratejik analiz aşamasında kullanılmıştır. Bu aşamada en çok kullanılan araç olan değişim mühendisliği ile acil olmayan sağlık hizmetleri ertelenmiş, iş akışları yenilenmiş ve birçok hizmet dijitalleştirilmiştir. Sonuç: Yöneticiler, kararlarında farklı SYA’ları kullanarak amaçları doğrultusunda stratejik avantaj elde edebilirler. Tedarik zinciri yönetimi sadece satın alma birimi yöneticisi tarafından kullanılan bir araçken, değişim mühendisliği her yöneticinin çevreye uyum sağlamak için kullandığı bir araç olabilir. Her seviyedeki yöneticinin bu araçlardan haberdar olması ve çeşitlendirmesi daha iyi yönetsel uygulamalar yapmalarını sağlayacaktır

A multi-stage stochastic programming approach in master production scheduling

Master Production Schedules (MPS) are widely used in industry, especially within Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) software. The classical approach for generating MPS assumes infinite capacity, fixed processing times, and a single scenario for demand forecasts. In this paper, we question these assumptions and consider a problem with finite capacity, controllable processing times, and several demand scenarios instead of just one. We use a multi-stage stochastic programming approach in order to come up with the maximum expected profit given the demand scenarios. Controllable processing times enlarge the solution space so that the limited capacity of production resources are utilized more effectively. We propose an effective formulation that enables an extensive computational study. Our computational results clearly indicate that instead of relying on relatively simple heuristic methods, multi-stage stochastic programming can be used effectively to solve MPS problems, and that controllability increases the performance of multi-stage solutions