Interpreting “Performers Rights” in The Indian Copyright Act to Appropriately Provide For Singers Rights

Performers act as a catalyst to communicate the relevant original content in a work. This article seeks to discuss two contentious questions with regard to the interpretation of Performers Rights provided under Section 38 and 39 of the Indian Copyright Act, specifically with respect to Singers’ Rights, and offers contrary opinions to the prevailing interpretations in the industry as well as one’s argued and accepted by the Delhi High Court. After analysing various doctrinal principles surrounding interpretation of statutes in India, this article firstly concludes that Section 39A of the Indian Copyright Act, and the royalty scheme therein, is applicable with a “Retroactive” effect in India; and secondly that every performance rendered in real time, irrespective of it being in front of an audience, on a stage, or in the studio, ought to be covered under the definition of a Performance under Section 2(q) read with Section 38 of the Indian Copyright Act, to effectively provide for Performers Rights, encapsulated within the Indian legislative schema. This article also attempts to harmonize these interpretations with a comparative as well as an international IP perspective

Interpreting “Performers Rights” in The Indian Copyright Act to Appropriately Provide For Singers Rights

5-13Performers act as a catalyst to communicate the relevant original content in a work. This article seeks to discuss two contentious questions with regard to the interpretation of Performers Rights provided under Section 38 and 39 of the Indian Copyright Act, specifically with respect to Singers’ Rights, and offers contrary opinions to the prevailing interpretations in the industry as well as one’s argued and accepted by the Delhi High Court. After analysing various doctrinal principles surrounding interpretation of statutes in India, this article firstly concludes that Section 39A of the Indian Copyright Act, and the royalty scheme therein, is applicable with a “Retroactive” effect in India; and secondly that every performance rendered in real time, irrespective of it being in front of an audience, on a stage, or in the studio, ought to be covered under the definition of a Performance under Section 2(q) read with Section 38 of the Indian Copyright Act, to effectively provide for Performers Rights, encapsulated within the Indian legislative schema. This article also attempts to harmonize these interpretations with a comparative as well as an international IP perspective

Near-Optimal Decentralized Power Supply Restoration in Smart Grids

Next generation of smart grids face a number of challenges includ-ing co-generation from intermittent renewable power sources, a shift away from monolithic control due to increased market dereg-ulation, and robust operation in the face of disasters. Such het-erogeneous nature and high operational readiness requirement of smart grids necessitates decentralized control for critical tasks such as power supply restoration (PSR) after line failures. We present a novel multiagent system based approach for PSR using Lagrangian dual decomposition. Our approach works on general graphs, pro-vides provable quality-bounds and requires only local message-passing among different connected sub-regions of a smart grid, en-abling decentralized control. Using these quality bounds, we show that our approach can provide near-optimal solutions on a num-ber of large real-world and synthetic benchmarks. Our approach compares favorably both in solution quality and scalability with previous best multiagent PSR approach

A Hybrid Translation Model for Pidgin English to English Language Translation

The African continent is made up of people with rich diverse cultures and spoken languages. Despite the diversity, one common point of unification, especially among the West African communities is the spoken pidgin-English language. With the development in web technology and the English language dominancy of web content, this growing population stands disadvantaged in understanding content on the web. To proffer a solution, researchers in machine translation from Pidgin English to the English language have leveraged only unsupervised and supervised Neural Machine Translationbased models. In this paper, we propose a hybrid-strategic model that improves the accuracy of the baseline Neural Machine Translation Model (NMT) in translating pidgin English to the English language. From the JW300 public dataset, we used 22,047 sentence pairs for training our model,1000 for tuning, and 2520 for testing. The Bi-Lingual Evaluation Understudy (BLEU) score was employed as a metric of measurement. From our findings, our hybrid model outperforms the baseline NMT model with a BLEU score of 1.05 on two-level translation. This indicates that the accuracy is dependent on the level and type of hybrid used. Studies that look at in-depth pre-translation strategies for developing translation machine model are green areas for pidgin-English translation

An Intelligent Hydroponic Farm Monitoring System Using IoT

Traditional farming is a process in which man works the soil for planting seeds or rearing animals, either to provide food for himself and his family or for business. The traditional farming system faces myriads’ challenges ranging from difficulty in getting good soil, high cost of plowing and weed removal, difficulty in pest control, and plant monitoring. To solve these myriad's challenges, technological innovation has ushered in the various eco-friendly system of farming. Prominent amongst this new method of farming is hydroponics. Hydroponics uses nutrients in solution instead of soil to grow a plant. Practicing such a system of farming among peasant farmers from developing countries demands huge capital investment. In this paper, we propose a cost-effective and free resource Internet of Things (IoT) based system that smartly monitors a hydroponic farm. The designed solution uses an ATmega328P microcontroller connected to a sensor network with connectivity to the internet. These sensors read the humidity, temperature, pH value, dissolved solids, and water level of the farm for efficient monitoring. In addition, the system provides an alert to a remote user through email, and a buzzer sound for on-site supervisors when there is a change

Face Recognition Using VGG16 CNN Architecture for Enhanced Security Surveillance—A Survey

A review of the web camera surveillance, face recognition, convolution neural network (CNN), digital images are presented in this work. Previous works on face recognition systems for enhanced surveillance-based security are presented together with relevant deep learning concepts and theories relating to convolutional neural networks. In-depth analysis is summarized and presented in concise way

Data Security in Cloud Computing Using a Hybrid Algorithm Approach

Cloud computing is a technology that provides users with computing resources and storage. It removes the need for businesses and institutes to maintain expensive computing facilities and improves organizations by its services. This paper aims to use cryptography techniques to enhance data security in the cloud by implementing the provided algorithms. The work in this paper is majors on implementing a hybrid algorithm (symmetric and asymmetric algorithms). We proposed a hybrid cryptosystem that comprises symmetric and asymmetric algorithms using 3DES, RSA, and SHA-3 algorithms to enable tight security in the cloud. 3DES is for encryption RSA for authentication and SHA-3 for integrity

Application of Support Vector Machine and Convolutional Neural Network for Sentence-Level Sentiment Analysis of Companies Products Review

The longevity of any company’s sustainability is largely dependent on its’ capability to satisfy customers’ needs. Hence, many industrial analysts and researchers have acknowledged the impact of customers’ reviews, which is the most common approach and tool used to ascertain the level of satisfaction or dissatisfaction of. To determine the sentiment polarity and classification of product reviews, several authors have employed different tools with varying degrees of accuracy when compared to other models. In this study, a hybridized CNN-SVM algorithm model was developed for sentence-level sentiment analysis on musical products reviews on Amazon. A total of 44,463 training samples and 19,056 samples were used for testing and validating the model. Based on the performance metric of the hybrid models, CNN had an accuracy of 85.38%, a precision of 90.56%, a recall of 95.14%, and an AUC of 0.836, whereas, SVM had an accuracy of 85.74%, a precision of 85.62%, a recall of 100%, and an AUC of 0.5. It was observed that there are more positive sentiments and satisfaction obtained from these products as against the negative sentiments. Hence, the level of satisfaction on these products reflected on the analyzed sentiments

Secured Communication Using Virtual Private Network (VPN)

The evolution and era of the latest programs and services, collectively with the enlargement of encrypted communications, make it difficult for site visitors within a safety enterprise. Virtual private networks (VPNs) are an instance of encrypted communique provider that is becoming famous, as a way for bypassing censorship in addition to gaining access to offerings which are geographically locked. This paper reviews the layout of an IP security, VPN. The Cisco Packet lines platform is used for the simulation, evaluation and verification. It uses a virtual connection to carry the records packets from a non-public network to remote places