Analysis of the Effect of Race, Socioeconomic Status, and Center Size on Unrelated National Marrow Donor Program Donor Outcomes: Donor Toxicities Are More Common at Low-Volume Bone Marrow Collection Centers

Previous studies have shown that risks of collection-related pain and symptoms are associated with sex, body mass index (BMI), and age in unrelated donors undergoing collection at National Marrow Donor Program (NMDP) centers. We hypothesized that other important factors (race, socioeconomic status (SES), and number of procedures at the collection center) might affect symptoms in donors. We assessed outcomes in 2,726 bone marrow (BM) and 6,768 peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) donors collected between 2004 and 2009. Pain/symptoms are reported as maximum levels over mobilization and collection (PBSC) or within 2 days of collection (BM) and at 1 week after collection. For PBSC donors, race and center volumes were not associated with differences in pain/symptoms at any time. PBSC donors with high SES levels reported higher maximum symptom levels 1 week post donation (p=0.017). For BM donors, black males reported significantly higher levels of pain (OR=1.90, CI=1.14-3.19, p=0.015). No differences were noted by SES groups. BM donors from low volume centers reported more toxicity (OR=2.09, CI=1.26-3.46, p=0.006). In conclusion, race and SES have a minimal effect on donation associated symptoms. However, donors from centers performing ≤1 BM collection every 2 months have more symptoms following BM donation. Approaches should be developed by registries and low volume centers to address this issue

OR50 Potential new molecular markers to select donors for bone marrow/hematopoeitic stem cell transplantation

Graft vs Host Disease (GVHD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality following bone marrow/hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (BMT/HSCT). While HLA-matched biological siblings are the most desired donors, 70% of patients do not have a matching donor in their family and HLA matched unrelated donors (MUD) are the only hope. Regardless, GVHD still occurs in 30% BMT/HSCT, mostly in MUD HSCT. As of now, only the HLA-A, B, C, DR, DQ, and DP located in the, alpha, beta and delta blocks are considered for matching. We stipulated that the gamma block (GB) encoding immune responses could be an additional tool to select the best donor/recipient pair in MUD transplants. Using SNP based molecular assay for GB-typing, we studied 52 recipient/donor pairs who received HSCT at our Institution. Overall 10.1% of related (2/22), 100% haploidentical (4/4) and 65.4% of MUD/recipient pairs (17/22) were GB mismatched showing MUD/recipient pairs as 7 times more likely to harbor GB-mismatch compared to related pairs. A limited clinical outcome study showed that GB-mismatch had a higher incidence of grade 2–4 acute GVHD (p=0.044) and chronic GVHD (p=0.048). Multivariate regression showed GB-mismatch is associated with higher transplant related mortality (p=0.020) and a trend for severe acute GVHD (HR 2.450, 95% CI 0.96−6.22; p=0.060) after controlling for donor type. The 25 GB SNPs we examined span both exons and introns of C4 gene. While 46.7% GB-mismatched MUD/recipient and 50% of the haploidentical recipient/donor pairs had SNPs detected in the exons, 75% of the SNP-mismatches occurred in the introns in related pairs. Since the exons are more relevant to functional proteins and introns are more associated with regulation of expression of genes, this distinction of occurrence of GB SNPs in the exons of MUD and haploidentical cases might have practical significance. All related recipient/donor pairs had ⩽3 GB SNP mismatches; whereas all haploidentical and 11/17 MUD/recipient pairs had ⩾3 GB SNPs. Hence there could be more substance to the SNPs in GB as we proceed with larger studies. Our limited data shows that GB disparity can be an additional marker for donor selection for better BMT/HSCT outcome. More retrospective and prospective studies with long-term follow up are needed

Effect of postremission therapy before reduced-intensity conditioning allogeneic transplantation for acute myeloid leukemia in first complete remission

The impact of pre transplant (HCT) cytarabine consolidation therapy on post HCT outcomes has yet to be evaluated after reduced intensity or non-myeloablative conditioning. We analyzed 604 adults with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in first complete remission (CR1) reported to the CIBMTR who received a RIC or NMA HCT from an HLA-identical sibling, HLA-matched unrelated donor (URD), or umbilical cord blood (UCB) donor in 2000-2010. We compared transplant outcomes based on exposure to cytarabine post remission consolidation. Three year survival rates were 36% (29-43%, 95% CI) in the no consolidation arm and 42% (37-47%, 95% CI) in the cytarabine consolidation arm (p=0.16). Disease free survival was 34% (27-41%, 95% CI) and 41% (35-46%, 95% CI) (p=0.15), respectively. Three year cumulative incidences of relapse were 37% (30-44%, 95% CI) and 38% (33-43%, 95% CI), respectively (p=0.80). Multivariate regression confirmed no effect of consolidation on relapse, DFS and survival. Prior to RIC/NMA HCT, these data suggest pre-HCT consolidation cytarabine does not significantly alter outcomes and support prompt transition to transplant as soon as morphologic CR1 is attained. If HCT is delayed while identifying a donor, our data suggest that consolidation does not increase transplant TRM and is reasonable if required

Reduced intensity conditioning is superior to nonmyeloablative conditioning for older chronic myelogenous leukemia patients undergoing hematopoietic cell transplant during the tyrosine kinase inhibitor era.

International audienceTyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and reduced intensity conditioning (RIC)/nonmyeloablative (NMA) conditioning hematopoietic cell transplants (HCTs) have changed the therapeutic strategy for chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) patients. We analyzed post-HCT outcomes of 306 CML patients reported to the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research aged 40 years and older undergoing RIC/NMA HCT from 2001 to 2007: 117 (38%) aged 40 to 49 years, 119 (39%) 50 to 59 years, and 70 (23%) 60 years or older. The majority (74%) had treatment with imatinib before HCT. At HCT, most patients aged 40 to 49 years were in chronic phase (CP) 1 (74%), compared with 31% aged 60 years or older. Siblings were donors for 56% aged 40 to 49 years; older cohorts had more unrelated donors. The majority received peripheral blood grafts and RIC across all age groups. 3 year overall survival (54%, 52%, and 41%), day + 100 grade II-IV acute GVHD (26%, 32%, and 32%), chronic GVHD (58%, 51%, and 43%), and 1-year treatment-related mortality (18%, 20%, and 13%) were similar across ages. The 3-year relapse incidence (36%, 43%, and 66%) and disease-free survival (35%, 32%, and 16%) were inferior in the oldest cohort. Importantly, for CP1 patients, relapse and disease-free survival were similar across age cohorts. Allogeneic RIC HCT for older patients with CML can control relapse with acceptable toxicity and survival in TKI-exposed CML, especially if still in CP1

Staging Systems for Newly Diagnosed Myeloma Patients Undergoing Autologous Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation: The Revised International Staging System Shows the Most Differentiation between Groups

The Revised International Staging System (R-ISS) and the International Myeloma Working Group 2014 (IMWG 2014) are newer staging systems used to prognosticate multiple myeloma (MM) outcomes. We hypothesized that these would provide better prognostic differentiation for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM) compared with ISS. We analyzed the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research database from 2008 to 2014 to compare the 3 systems (N = 628) among newly diagnosed MM patients undergoing upfront autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (AHCT). The median follow-up of survivors was 48 (range, 3 to 99) months. The R-ISS provided the greatest differentiation between survival curves for each stage (for overall survival [OS], the differentiation was 1.74 using the R-ISS, 1.58 using ISS, and 1.60 using the IMWG 2014) . Univariate analyses at 3 years for OS showed R-ISS I at 88% (95% confidence interval [CI], 83% to 93%), II at 75% (95% CI, 70% to 80%), and III at 56% (95% CI, 3% to 69%; P < .001). An integrated Brier score function demonstrated the R-ISS had the best prediction for PFS, though all systems had similar prediction for OS. Among available systems, the R-ISS is the most optimal among available prognostic tools for newly diagnosed MM undergoing AHCT. We recommend that serum lactate dehydrogenase and cytogenetic data be performed on every MM patient at diagnosis to allow accurate prognostication

Outcomes after Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation for Myelodysplastic Syndromes

•The use of umbilical cord blood transplantation (UCBT) for MDS is not well described.•Relapse and overall survival at 3 years were 32% and 31%, respectively.•Transplantation-related mortality (TRM) at 3 years was 40%.•Disease risk, comorbidities, and conditioning intensity predict outcomes.•UCBT can offer long-term success for some, but is hampered by a high rate of TRM. For patients with hematologic malignancies undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation, umbilical cord blood transplantation (UCBT) has become an acceptable alternative donor source in the absence of a matched sibling or unrelated donor. To date, however, there have been few published series dedicated solely to describing the outcomes of adult patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) who have undergone UCBT. Between 2004 and 2013, 176 adults with MDS underwent UCBT as reported to the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research. Median age at the time of transplantation was 56 years (range, 18-73 years). The study group included 10% with very low, 23% with low, 19% with intermediate, 19% with high, and 13% with very high-risk Revised International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS-R) scores. The 100-day probability of grade II-IV acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) was 38%, and the 3-year probability of chronic GVHD was 28%. The probabilities of relapse and transplantation-related mortality (TRM) at 3 years were 32% and 40%, respectively, leading to a 3-year disease-free survival (DFS) of 28% and an overall survival (OS) of 31%. In multivariate analysis, increasing IPSS-R score at the time of HCT was associated with inferior TRM (P = .0056), DFS (P = .018), and OS (P = .0082), but not with GVHD or relapse. The presence of pretransplantation comorbidities was associated with TRM (P = .001), DFS (P = .02), and OS (P = .001). Reduced-intensity conditioning was associated with increased risk of relapse (relative risk, 3.95; 95% confidence interval, 1.78-8.75; P < .001), and although a higher proportion of myeloablative UCBTs were performed in patients with high-risk disease, the effect of conditioning regimen intensity was the same regardless of IPSS-R score. For some individuals who lack a matched sibling or unrelated donor, UCBT can result in long-term DFS; however, the success of UCBT in this population is hampered by a high rate of TRM