Genome-wide association study identifies variants in the MHC class I, IL10, and IL23R-IL12RB2 regions associated with Behcet's disease

Behcet's disease is a genetically complex disease of unknown etiology characterized by recurrent inflammatory attacks affecting the orogenital mucosa, eyes and skin. We performed a genome-wide association study with 311,459 SNPs in 1,215 individuals with Behcet's disease (cases) and 1,278 healthy controls from Turkey. We confirmed the known association of Behcet's disease with HLA-B*51 and identified a second, independent association within the MHC Class I region. We also identified an association at IL10 (rs1518111, P = 1.88 x 10(-8)). Using a meta-analysis with an additional five cohorts from Turkey, the Middle East, Europe and Asia, comprising a total of 2,430 cases and 2,660 controls, we identified associations at IL10 (rs1518111, P = 3.54 x 10(-18), odds ratio = 1.45, 95% CI 1.34-1.58) and the IL23R-IL12RB2 locus (rs924080, P = 6.69 x 10(-9), OR = 1.28, 95% CI 1.18-1.39). The disease-associated IL10 variant (the rs1518111 A allele) was associated with diminished mRNA expression and low protein production

A Service of zbw The Profile of the Organized Industrial Zones in Kocaeli/TURKEY

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The Profile of the Organized Industrial Zones in Kocaeli/TURKEY

ABSTRACT Kocaeli is the most industrialized city which is situated in the east and 90 km far from Istanbul in Turkey. Kocaeli has always been a center of attraction for industrial investments due to its position on the road, sea and railway networks connecting Europe to Anatolia and near the major cities as Bursa and Istanbul. Today, there are 13 Organized Industrial Zone

Behcet's Disease

Neurologic involvement in Beh double dagger et's disease (BD) is seen in about 5% to 10% of all BD patients. Clinical and imaging data suggest that neurologic involvement in BD presents in two major forms. The first, central nervous system (CNS) parenchymal involvement with a predilection to brainstem-diencephalic regions, is seen in the majority of patients with neuro-BD (NBD). The second form is cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST), which is seen in up to 20% of cases. BD is very rare in children, but when it does occur, the patterns are reversed: most children with NBD present with CVST. Other syndromes such as spinal cord involvement, arterial CNS involvement, optic neuritis, aseptic meningitis, and peripheral neuropathies may be seen, but are rare. Venous sinus thrombosis in BD has a significantly better neurologic prognosis than parenchymal CNS involvement. There is no Class I evidence regarding treatment of parenchymal CNS involvement or CVST in BD. Current treatment applications are based largely on expert opinion; none are evidence-based. Acute parenchymal CNS involvement should be treated with high-dose intravenous methylprednisolone (IVMP), 1 g per day, for 5 to 10 days, followed by either a prolonged oral taper or intermittent IVMP pulses with a low oral dose between the pulses, over 6 months. After treatment of the acute attack, long-term maintenance with immunosuppressive agents should be considered in patients with parenchymal CNS involvement, as this form may follow a relapsing or secondary progressive course and may result in significant physical and cognitive deficits leading to severe neurologic disability. A number of randomized controlled studies have tested treatments for systemic manifestations of BD. Colchicine was found to be effective for mucocutaneous symptoms, thalidomide was found to be effective in erythema nodosum-like skin lesions, azathioprine and cyclosporine were shown to be effective in BD uveitis, and cyclophosphamide was shown to be effective for major vascular involvement. More recently, interferon alfa and anti-TNF agents were also shown to be effective in BD uveitis. Although randomized controlled studies have not been performed in NBD, the most widely used long-term therapeutic agent is azathioprine. Recent observations suggest that the addition and long-term use of azathioprine in NBD could be associated with a more favorable course. A growing number of case reports in recent years suggest that anti-TNF agents may be an effective alternative in NBD, but current experience with these agents is limited. CVST in BD is also treated with steroids. The addition to glucocorticoids of anticoagulation, including short-term fractionated heparin, is controversial, as these patients have a higher probability of harboring pulmonary or other aneurysms, which may be associated with an increased risk of bleeding. Long-term oral anticoagulation is unnecessary. Interestingly, the prognosis of CVST due to BD seems to be much more favorable than the prognosis of CVST due to other causes, with much less tendency for venous infarcts and seizures. However, as recurrences may occur, long-term treatment with azathioprine is recommended

Autoimmune Diseases Associated with Epilepsy

Involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) during the course of systemic autoimmune diseases is not rare. Connective tissue disorders such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis, Behcet's disease; granulomatous disorders such as sarcoidosis, granulomatous angitis; autoimmune bowel disorders such as inflammatory bowel and Celiac diseases; thyroid disorders such as Hashimoto and Graves diseases are best examples of the autoimmune diseases in this category. Epileptic seizures may be observed in patients with and without any obvious lesions in these disorders. In this review, we will summarize patterns of neurological involvement in systemic autoimmune diseases associated with epilepsy

Fuzzy adaptive resonance theory approach to supplier involvement in product development: a case study in Turkish automobile industry

This study proposes a mechanism to evaluate suppliers for involvement during product development process. The proposed methodology is discussed within a multinational automobile firm and preliminary analysis indicates that the approach provides an effective mechanism for selecting suppliers involved in the product development process. To remedy to supplier integration problems, a clustering approach – fuzzy adaptive resonance theory (Fuzzy ART) – is used. The proposed methodology is explained using a case study that is realised in an automobile firm. Eventually, the results are presented comparatively, which obtained by current supplier evaluation system of the firm and provided from Fuzzy ART methodology. [Submitted 14 July 2009; Revised 16 November 2009; Accepted 17 November 2009]supplier involvement; supply chain management; SCM; adaptive resonance theory; fuzzy ART; product development; classification; Turkey; automobile industry; automotive supply chains; clustering.

Autoimmune Diseases Associated with Epilepsy

WOS: 000370637700009Involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) during the course of systemic autoimmune diseases is not rare. Connective tissue disorders such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis, Behcet's disease; granulomatous disorders such as sarcoidosis, granulomatous angitis; autoimmune bowel disorders such as inflammatory bowel and Celiac diseases; thyroid disorders such as Hashimoto and Graves diseases are best examples of the autoimmune diseases in this category. Epileptic seizures may be observed in patients with and without any obvious lesions in these disorders. In this review, we will summarize patterns of neurological involvement in systemic autoimmune diseases associated with epilepsy

Behcet's Disease and Nervous System Involvement

Management of neuro-Behcet's disease can be divided into two stages: treatment of acute attacks and prevention of relapses. Treatment of acute attacks is accomplished by high-dose intravenous corticosteroids followed by maintenance treatment with oral steroids for 6-12 months depending on the type and severity of the neurological involvement. Relapses can be prevented by using immunosuppressants. Oral immunosuppressants such as azathioprine and mycophenolate are the most widely utilized agents for this purpose. Patients who are refractory or who cannot tolerate these medications can be managed by cyclophosphamide, interferon alpha, or anti-TNF-alpha monoclonal antibodies such as infliximab, etanercept, and adalimumab. Recent reports showed that newer agents such as tocilizumab, canakinumab, and anakinra, which exert their biological activity through IL-1 and IL-6 pathways, are also promising treatment alternatives for progressive or relapsing patients