Bankruptcy Law, Corporate Finance, and Corporate Revival Process in Japan

This paper examines corporate revival processes in Japan. In recent years, corporate revival processes are drastically changing in Japan. For example, important bankruptcy laws have been revised and Industrial Revitalization Corporation was established. Moreover, many corporate revival funds are actively investing. This paper explains those new movements and examines how those new activities will change the Japanese economy.

"Bankruptcy Law, Corporate Finance, and Corporate Revival Process in Japan"(in Japanese)

This paper examines corporate revival processes in Japan. In recent years, corporate revival processes are drastically changing in Japan. For example, important bankruptcy laws have been revised and Industrial Revitalization Corporation was established. Moreover, many corporate revival funds are actively investing. This paper explains those new movements and examines how those new activities will change the Japanese economy.

利き耳・非利き耳側への聴覚刺激が重心動揺に与える効果 足圧中心(COP)総軌跡長・矩形面積・外周面積に着目して

本研究は，利き耳・非利き耳側からの聴覚刺激が重心動揺に与える効果について検討した．被験者は健常若年者30名である．本研究は横断研究である．重心動揺の測定には重心動揺計を使用し，足圧中心（COP）総軌跡長・矩形面積・外周面積を抽出して比較検討した．研究条件は条件①：聴覚刺激無，条件②：利き耳側からの聴覚刺激，条件③：非利き耳側からの聴覚刺激である．結果，聴覚刺激無（条件①）と，利き耳側から聴覚刺激（条件②）では両群で有意な差を示さなかった．非利き耳側からの聴覚刺激（条件③）は，聴覚刺激無（条件①）と利き耳側から聴覚刺激（条件②）を比較したところ重心動揺が有意に減少していた．これにより，非利き耳側から入力された聴覚刺激は脳の側性化により対側半球の空間認知機能局在に情報が伝搬され，姿勢の調整に影響を与えていることが推察された．The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of auditory stimulation from dominant ear/nondominant ear on body sway. The subject were 30 healthy young people. This study was a Cross-Sectional study. The assessment of body sway was taken as the total length of Center of pressure（COP） displacements, Rectangular area, and Environmental area of COP using the stabilometer. Research Condition ①：Conditions that do not give auditory stimulation. Research Condition ②：Conditions of giving an auditory stimulus from the dominant ear side. Research Condition ③：Conditions for giving an auditory stimulus from the non-dominant ear side. As a result, Condition ① and Condition ② showed no significant difference in both groups. Condition ③ decreased significantly than Condition ① . Condition ③ also decreased significantly than condition ② . These results, auditory stimulation input from the non-dominant ear is sent to the cerebral hemisphere on the opposite side by laterality. From this, it is considered that the effect was given the body sway

緊張性振動反射が動作学習に与える影響 : 脳血管障害患者の肘関節伸展動作に着目して

本研究は脳血管障害患者8名を対象に麻痺側肘関節伸展動作の介入時に、緊張性振動反射（Tonic Vibration Reflex; TVR）を用いる事での動作学習への効果とその持続時間について明らかにする事を目的とした。研究デザインはクロスオーバー比較試験であり、条件①（肘関節屈曲伸展動作を自動運動で30回実施する条件）、条件②（条件①実施の際、肘関節伸展時に上腕三頭筋へのTVR を与えて実施する条件）の2条件である。各介入5、10分後にactive-ROMを測定して効果を検討した。介入5分後では両群共に条件②が条件①よりも有意に肘関節伸展角度が大きかった。介入10分後では両群共に条件間で有意差を示さなかった。このことからTVRを用いた機能的介入は即時効果としての促通効果に繋がる一方で、長期的な効果は認められなかった。これは本研究での介入期間が短すぎたことから、運動段階での内在的Feedbackに繋がらなかった事で忘却したものと考えられたThe purpose of this study was to examine effective use of TVR（Tonic Vibration Reflex） in motor training. Research Condition 1： The first condition consists of extending and flexing of a test subject\u27s elbow joint 30times without the use of TVR with a range of motion test of five and ten minutes. Research Condition 2： The second condition consists of using TVR on the triceps of the test subject\u27s elbow joint before extending and flexing the test subject\u27s elbow joint again 30times with a range of motion test of five and ten minutes. Results： After completing both tests, results shows that there is a significant and visible difference of the extension angle of the elbow joint while using TVR during the first five minutes of testing with both research conditions. However, there was not any significant or visible difference after the use of TVR after the ten minutes intervals of testing. Conclusion： TVR has an immediate effect in motor training. However, the TVR effect is only for a short amount of time. The possible reason for these results may be the short amount of time that was used to conduct the testing

Premature oral pre-shaping for feeding in elderly population with risk of aspiration pneumonia.

The aim of this study was to determine the abnormal hand and mouth behavior before actual swallowing for eating in elderly people with high risk of aspiration pneumonia. Ten elderly people with a diagnosis of aspiration pneumonia (EAP), 15 healthy elderly (HE) people, and 21 young adults (YA) were enrolled. The feeding time and the timing of the maximum distance between the upper and lower lips were extracted using a motion analyzer during self-feeding and assisted-feeding. The results showed that feeding time in EAP was significantly longer than that for the other groups in self- and assisted-feeding. In self-feeding, the timing of mouth-preparation in the EAP group was significantly earlier than that in the other groups; conversely, in assisted-feeding, the timing in EAP was significantly delayed. Our results indicate that abnormal preparation of mouth-shape and movement time of hand before actual swallowing in both self- and assisted-feeding may exist in elderly people with previous experience of aspiration pneumonia

Relationship between bovine endometrial thickness and plasma progesterone and estradiol concentrations in natural and induced estrus

The objective of this study was to investigate cyclical changes in endometrial thickness in relation to progesterone (P-4) and estradiol-17 beta (E-2) concentrations during natural and induced estrus in 15 cows. In the prostaglandin (PG) F-2 alpha induced estrus group, ultrasonography (USG) at 6-h intervals was used to determine endometrial thickness 48-24 h before the PGF(2 alpha), treatment until 24 h after ovulation (ovulation = Day 0). In the natural estrus group, USG was performed every 48 h from Day 3 to Days 15-18 after the first ovulation, and then every 6 h until 24 h after ovulation. Endometrial thickness was standardized using Day 13 as a reference day. Blood was collected during every USG examination and plasma P-4 and E-2 concentrations were determined. Endometrial thickness of the induced estrus group (n = 11) was greater than that of the natural estrus group (n = 9) between 60 and 12 h before ovulation (P < 0.05). In the natural estrus group, prior to an increase in endometrial thickness, a decrease in P-4 and an increase in E-2 were detected. In the induced estrus group, based on the time of ovulation, an increase in endometrial thickness was detected at the same time of a decrease in P-4 before an increase in E-2. These results suggest that decreases in P-4 concentrations may be a cue to changes in endometrial thickness, while increases in E-2 concentrations appear to sustain and/or enhance these changes

Relationship between bovine endometrial thickness and plasma progesterone and estradiol concentrations in natural and induced estrus

The objective of this study was to investigate cyclical changes in endometrial thickness in relation to progesterone (P_4) and estradiol-17β (E_2) concentrations during natural and induced estrus in 15 cows. In the prostaglandin (PG) |-induced estrus group, ultrasonography (USG) at 6-h intervals was used to determine endometrial thickness 48–24 h before the PGF_ treatment until 24 h after ovulation (ovulation = Day 0). In the natural estrus group, USG was performed every 48 h from Day 3 to Days 15–18 after the first ovulation, and then every 6 h until 24 h after ovulation. Endometrial thickness was standardized using Day 13 as a reference day. Blood was collected during every USG examination and plasma P_4 and E_2 concentrations were determined. Endometrial thickness of the induced estrus group (n = 11) was greater than that of the natural estrus group (n = 9) between 60 and 12 h before ovulation (P < 0.05). In the natural estrus group, prior to an increase in endometrial thickness, a decrease in P_4 and an increase in E_2 were detected. In the induced estrus group, based on the time of ovulation, an increase in endometrial thickness was detected at the same time of a decrease in P_4 before an increase in E_2. These results suggest that decreases in P_4 concentrations may be a cue to changes in endometrial thickness, while increases in E_2 concentrations appear to sustain and/or enhance these changes

Bankruptcy Law, Corporate Finance, and Corporate Revival Process in Japan

倒産処理法制は、2000年４月の民事再生法施行を皮切りとして、2004年第159回国会での破産法改正案成立に至る大がかりな制度改正が実施された。その背景には、日本経済が構造改革を迫られる中で、事業再生促進の観点から効率的な倒産処理法制の整備を求める声が高まってきたことが強く影響している。実際、制度改正前の和議法の時代に比べ、民事再生手続き等の法的手続きを利用して事業再生を試みるケースは、着実に増加している。勿論、倒産処理の現場で生じている変化は、単に法的手続きが増加したという点だけにはとどまらない。倒産処理に関連する法制度は、倒産処理手続きの過程で、債権者の権利を制約する様々な規定が設けられている。こうした規定の変更は、当然のことながら、倒産処理に携わる関係者のインセンティブを変化させるため、法的手続きに臨む姿勢も、制度改正前とは異なるものとなってくる。そして、法制度改革の影響は、法的手続きによる倒産処理以外にも及んでいる。制度改正によって、法的手続きを用いた際に期待される結果が変化すれば、法的整理と私的整理との選択に際しての決断も変わってくる。従って、法的手続きを経ない、私的整理の進め方も変化している可能性がある。本稿は、大きな変革を経験した倒産処理の現場の状況を把握するために、金融機関や事業再生ファンド、弁護士、会計士など、今日の倒産処理の実務の現場に従事する専門家へのヒアリングを実施し、倒産処理の現場で生じている問題について、可能な範囲で論点整理を行ったものである。本文フィルはリンク先を参照のこ