Factors Relating to Coagulation, Fibrinolysis and Hepatic Damage After Liver Resection

A survey of the blood of twenty-two patients who had undergone hepatic resection was performed. Serum levels of α-2 plasmin inhibitor-plasmin complex initially decreased from 1.58 ± 0.31 μg/ml on the preoperative day (PREOP), to 0.92 ± 0.14 μ/ml on the first postoperative day (POD 1), and then increased to 3.13 ± 0.92 μg/ml on the seventh postoperative day (POD 7) (mean ± SE)). Thrombin-anti-thrombin III complex (14.2 ± 4.3 ng/ml on PREOP and 26.0 ± 4.1 ng/ml on POD 7 (mean ± SE)) and D-dimer (335 ± 96 ng/ml on PREOP and 1859 ± 258 ng/ml on POD 7 (mean ± SE)) increased in the early postoperative stage. The level of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1α increased after the operations (from 13.2 ± 1.8 pg/ml on PREOP to 37.8 ± 12.8 pg/ml on POD 7 (mean ± SE)). The level of thromboxane B-2 decreased at first, and then gradually increased and returned to its preoperative level on POD 7 (144.7 ± 43.8 pg/ml on PREOP, 57.6 ± 27.5 pg/ml on POD1 and 152.5 ± 58.4 pg/ml on POD 7 (mean ± SE)). Superoxide dismutase activity increased at first, and then gradually decreased, postoperatively (2.8 ± 0.5 NU/ml on PREOP, 4.8 ± 0.8 NU/ml on POD1 and 2.6 ± 0.3 NU/ml on POD 7 (mean ± SE)). That is, biodefensive reactions which protect patients against the shift to disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) were inferred with by the increase in antiplatelet aggregation, despite the activation of coagulation and fibrinolytic mechanisms after hepatic resection

Applications of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in nanomedicine

Nanotechnology is an exciting field that has a profitable outcome due to the increased applications of nanomaterials in many areas such as industry, agriculture, business, medicine and public health. Nanomedicine is a science that studies the application of nanotechnology in medicine. For diseases diagnosis, treatment, monitoring, control and prevention. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) possess the potential to be used in nanomedicine for cancer diagnosis and therapy due to their advantageous characteristics such as biocompatibility, photocatalytic activity and good optical and electronic properties. This review aims to introduce nanomedicine and nanomaterials and focus on the recent research interest toward TiO2NPs in medicine

Outcome of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients with Central Nervous System Involvement

AbstractCentral nervous system (CNS) involvement in adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is rare and associated with poor outcomes. Therefore, CNS involvement in AML is an indicator for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). However, the impact of CNS involvement in AML on the outcome of allo-HSCT remains unclear. We performed a large-scale nationwide retrospective analysis to elucidate the outcomes of allo-HSCT on AML with CNS involvement (CNS+AML). Clinical data were collected from a registry database of the Japan Society for Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation. CNS involvement was defined as the infiltration of leukemia cells into the CNS or myeloid sarcoma in the CNS identified at any time from diagnosis to transplantation. One hundred fifty-seven patients with CNS+AML underwent allo-HSCT between 2006 and 2011. The estimated overall survival, cumulative incidence of relapse and nonrelapse mortality at 2 years for CNS+AML (51.2%, 30.2%, and 14.5%, respectively) were comparable with those for AML without CNS involvement (48.6%, 27.4%, and 22.0%, respectively). Univariate and multivariate analyses indicated that the development of chronic graft-versus-host disease, disease status, and cytogenetic risk category were independent prognostic factors for overall survival for CNS+AML. These results suggest that allo-HSCT may improve outcomes in patients with CNS+AML

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for acute myeloid leukemia with t(6;9)(p23;q34) dramatically improves the patient prognosis: A matched-pair analysis

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with t(6;9)(p23;q34) is well known to have a poor prognosis treated with chemotherapy and autotransplantation. The presence of this karyotype is an indicator for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT); however, the impact of t(6;9)(p23;q34) on the HSCT outcome remains unclear. We conducted a matched-pair analysis of de novo AML patients with and without t(6;9)(p23;q34) using data obtained from the Japanese HSCT data registry. A total of 57 patients with t(6;9)(p23;q34) received transplants between 1996 and 2007, and 171 of 2056 normal karyotype patients matched for age, disease status at HSCT and graft source were selected. The overall survival, disease-free survival, cumulative incidence of relapse and the non-relapse mortality in t(6;9)(p23;q34) patients were comparable to those for normal karyotype patients. A univariate analysis showed that t(6;9)(p23;q34) had no significant impact on the overall survival. These findings suggest that allogeneic HSCT may overcome the unfavorable impact of t(6;9)(p23;q34) as an independent prognostic factor. © 2012 Macmillan Publishers Limited All rights reserved

Prognostic factors for acute myeloid leukemia patients with t(6;9)(p23;q34) who underwent an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant

We have recently reported that the outcome of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients with t(6;9)(p23;q34) who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) was comparable to that of patients with a normal karyotype. We performed a further analysis regarding the prognostic factors for t(6;9)(p23;q34) AML patients who underwent a HSCT. Seven pediatric patients and 57 adult patients, transplanted between 1996 and 2007, were assessed in this study. The overall survival (OS) of the pediatric patients tended to be better than the OS of the adults, although there were no statistically significant differences. The present study focused on the adult patients revealed that the disease status at HSCT was the sole prognostic factor affecting the OS identified in the univariate analysis. A multivariate analysis showed that the disease status at HSCT and M2 in the FAB classification were extracted as the significant variables affecting the OS. The patients who were not in remission at HSCT and had non-FAB-M2 showed a poorer outcome; 6 deaths in the 9 patients were due to a relapse of the AML. These findings suggest that novel therapeutic approaches might be needed for patients with these poor prognostic factors.発行後6か月より全文公開

Induction of insulin-like growth factor 2 expression in a mesenchymal cell line co-cultured with an ameloblast cell line

Various growth factors have been implicated in the regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation during tooth development. It has been unclear if insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) participate in the epithelium–mesenchyme interactions of tooth development. We previously produced three-dimensional sandwich co-culture systems (SW) containing a collagen membrane that induce the differentiation of epithelial cells. In the present study, we used the SW system to analyze the expression of IGFs and IGFRs. We demonstrate that IGF2 expression in mesenchymal cells was increased by SW. IGF1R transduces a signal; however, IGF2R does not transduce a signal. Recombinant IGF2 induces IGF1R and IGF2R expression in epithelial cells. IGF1R expression is increased by SW; however, IGF2R expression did not increase by SW. Thus, IGF2 signaling works effectively in SW. These results suggest that IGF signaling acts through the collagen membrane on the interaction between the epithelium and mesenchyme. In SW, other cytokines may be suppressed to induce IGF2R induction. Our results suggest that IGF2 may play a role in tooth differentiation

Effect of Polyethylene Glycol Modification of TiO2 Nanoparticles on Cytotoxicity and Gene Expressions in Human Cell Lines

Nanoparticles (NPs) are tiny materials used in a wide range of industrial and medical applications. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is a type of nanoparticle that is widely used in paints, pigments, and cosmetics; however, little is known about the impact of TiO2 on human health and the environment. Therefore, considerable research has focused on characterizing the potential toxicity of nanoparticles such as TiO2 and on understanding the mechanism of TiO2 NP-induced nanotoxicity through the evaluation of biomarkers. Uncoated TiO2 NPs tend to aggregate in aqueous media, and these aggregates decrease cell viability and induce expression of stress-related genes, such as those encoding interleukin-6 (IL-6) and heat shock protein 70B’ (HSP70B’), indicating that TiO2 NPs induce inflammatory and heat shock responses. In order to reduce their toxicity, we conjugated TiO2 NPs with polyethylene glycol (PEG) to eliminate aggregation. Our findings indicate that modifying TiO2 NPs with PEG reduces their cytotoxicity and reduces the induction of stress-related genes. Our results also suggest that TiO2 NP-induced effects on cytotoxicity and gene expression vary depending upon the cell type and surface modification

Optimal Intravascular Ultrasound-Guided Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients With Multivessel Disease

BACKGROUND: Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) was only rarely used in landmark trials comparing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in patients with multivessel disease. OBJECTIVES: The authors aimed to evaluate clinical outcomes after optimal IVUS-guided PCI in patients undergoing multivessel PCI. METHODS: The OPTIVUS (OPTimal IntraVascular UltraSound)-Complex PCI study multivessel cohort was a prospective multicenter single-arm study enrolling 1, 021 patients undergoing multivessel PCI, including left anterior descending coronary artery using IVUS, aiming to meet the prespecified criteria (OPTIVUS criteria: minimum stent area > distal reference lumen area [stent length ≥28mm], and minimum stent area >0.8 × average reference lumen area [stent length <28mm]) for optimal stent expansion. The primary endpoint was major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) (death/myocardial infarction/stroke/any coronary revascularization). The predefined performance goals were derived from the CREDO-Kyoto (Coronary REvascularization Demonstrating Outcome study in Kyoto) PCI/CABG registry cohort-2 fulfilling the inclusion criteria in this study. RESULTS: In this study, 40.1% of the patients met OPTIVUS criteria in all stented lesions. The cumulative 1-year incidence of the primary endpoint was 10.3% (95% CI: 8.4%-12.2%), which was significantly lower than the predefined PCI performance goal of 27.5% (P < 0.001), and which was numerically lower than the predefined CABG performance goal of 13.8%. The cumulative 1-year incidence of the primary endpoint was not significantly different regardless of meeting or not meeting OPTIVUS criteria. CONCLUSIONS: Contemporary PCI practice conducted in the OPTIVUS-Complex PCI study multivessel cohort was associated with a significantly lower MACCE rate than the predefined PCI performance goal, and with a numerically lower MACCE rate than the predefined CABG performance goal at 1 year