RELATIONSHIP OF BASE-RUNNING PERFORMANCE WITH RUNNING DIRECTION AND ITS CHANGE

The purpose of this study was to clarify whether the running direction and its change affect the base-running performance. Thirty-five male baseball players performed 54.86 m (180 ft.) straight-line sprinting and distance-matched base-running, during which two dimensional positions of players were recorded with B Y Sports Tracking System. The results of this study revealed that the total base-running performance was probably affected by the running performance of the later running phase. In addition, smaller direction change before the first base and larger direction change after the first base maybe responsible for better performance in the entire base-running through better performance in the later section. These results would be useful for players and coaches who attempt to improve base-running performance

Incidence of acute kidney disease after receiving hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a single-center retrospective study

Background Previous reports have shown that acute kidney injury (AKI) is common after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), which is a crucial treatment for patients with hematological disorders. AKI could increase mortality and induce adverse effects including the development of chronic kidney disease. The incidence of AKI in association with HSCT reportedly varies significantly because several definitions of AKI have been adopted. Acute kidney disease (AKD) is a new concept that can clinically define both AKI and persistent decreases in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) state. We conducted a retrospective cohort study to determine the incidence of AKD after HSCT. Methods This study included 108 patients aged between 16 and 70 years undergoing HSCT. In this study, AKD included clinical condition of AKI or subacute decreases in GFR. AKI was defined according to the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes guidelines based on serum creatinine. However, urine output data were not included to define AKI because the database lacked some of these data. Comparisons were made between groups using the Mann–Whitney U test. Results Acute kidney disease occurred in 17 patients (15.7%). There were significant differences between the AKD and non-AKD with respect to ABO-incompatible HSCT (p = 0.001) and incidence of acute graft versus host disease (GVHD) after HSCT (p < 0.001). The 100-day overall survival of patients with AKD and without AKD after HSCT was 70.6% and 79.8%, respectively (p = 0.409). Discussion ABO-incompatible HSCT and acute GVHD after HSCT were risk factors for the incidence of AKD. However, we could not find a significant association between AKD after HSCT and mortality

Formation of an Ultracarbonaceous Antarctic Micrometeorite through Minimum Aqueous Alteration in a Small Porous Icy Body

A comprehensive study of the organic chemistry and mineralogy of an ultracarbonaceous micrometeorite (UCAMM D05IB80) collected from near the Dome Fuji Station, Antarctica, was carried out to understand the genetic relationship among organic materials, silicates, and water. The micrometeorite is composed of a dense aggregate of ∼5 µm-sized hollow ellipsoidal organic material containing submicrometer-sized phases such as glass with embedded metal and sulfides (GEMS) and mineral grains. There is a wide area of organic material (∼15 × 15 μm) in its interior. Low-Ca pyroxene is much more abundant than olivine and shows various Mg/(Mg + Fe) ratios ranging from ∼1.0 to 0.78, which is common to previous works on UCAMMs. By contrast, GEMS grains in this UCAMM have unusual chemical compositions. They are depleted in both Mg and S, which suggests that these elements were leached out from the GEMS grains during very weak aqueous alteration, without the formation of phyllosilicates. The organic materials have two textures—smooth and globular with an irregular outline—and these are composed of imine, nitrile and/or aromatic nitrogen heterocycles, and amide. The ratio of nitrogen to carbon (N/C) in the smooth region of the organics is ∼0.15, which is five times higher than that of insoluble organic macromolecules in types 1 and 2 carbonaceous chondritic meteorites. In addition, the UCAMM organic materials are soluble in epoxy and are thus hydrophilic; this polar nature indicates that they are very primitive. The surface of the material is coated with an inorganic layer, a few nanometers thick, that consists of C, O, Si, S, and Fe. Sulfur is also contained in the interior, implying the presence of organosulfur moieties. There are no isotopic anomalies of D, 13C, or 15N in the organic material. Interstellar photochemistry alone would not be sufficient to explain the N/C ratio of the UCAMM organics; therefore, we suggest that a very small amount of fluid on a comet must have been necessary for the formation of the UCAMM. The GEMS grains depleted in Mg and S in the UCAMM prove a very weak degree of aqueous alteration; weaker than that of carbonaceous chondrites. Short-duration weak alteration probably caused by planetesimal shock locally melted cometary ice grains and released water that dissolved the organics; the fluid would likely have not mobilized because of the very low thermal conductivity of the porous icy body. This event allowed the formation of the large organic puddle of the UCAMM, as well as organic matter sulfurization, formation of thin membrane-like layers of minerals, and deformation of organic nanoglobules.アクセプト後にタイトル・アブストラクト等変更あり、著者最終稿は変更前のタイトル"Formation of an Ultracarbonaceous Antarctic Micrometeorite through Minimum Aqueous Alteration in a Small Porous Icy Body"This work was supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (No. 22224010, PI: H. Nagahara). The STXM facility at the beamline 5.3.2.2, ALS, is supported by the Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences Program

Investigations on the Experimentally Produced Chondrules: Chemical Compositions of Olivine and Glass and Formation of Radial Pyroxene Chondrules

Recently, textures of chondrules have been reproduced experimentally by cooling liquids of chondrule compositions, and thereby the cooling rate of chondrules during their crystallization has been estimated (TSUCHIYAMA et al. : Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 48,155,1980). In the present study, the chemical compositions of olivine and glass of run products in the previous experiments were determined. Olivine crystals are normally zoned. The chemical compositions of glasses are extremely enriched in SiO_2 due presumably to disequilibrium crystallization of olivine by rapid cooling. Similar glasses have been observed in unequilibrated chondrites. Additional experiments were also performed to produce radial pyroxene texture which could not be produced in the previous experiments. The radial pyroxene was formed by reaction between radial olivine and residual SiO_2-rich liquid without changing its texture. This process might be a possible mechanism of formation of radial pyroxene texture of chondrules

Effects of precooling thermal history and cooling rate on the texture of chondrules: A preliminary report

Effect of precooling thermal history of chondrules on the textures of chondrules was examined by crystallizing melts of chondrule compositions with or without relict crystals at cooling rates of about 50℃/min. Textures formed from super-liquidus temperatures (radial or barred olivine texture) were strikingly different from those formed from sub-liquidus temperatures (porphyritic or microporphyritic texture). Effect of cooling rate was also examined with cooling rates ranging from 500 to 5.3℃/hr. The cooling rate for producing radial or barred pyroxene texture ranges from about 200 to less than 5℃/hr, whereas radial or barred olivine texture was produced with cooling rates greater than about 100℃/hr