An Assessment of Water Related Diseases in a Nigerian Community

Information on the general health problems in Ota was provided while the ailments that are directly related to water were highlighted and discussed. The information was gathered by questionnaire application, using non-quota sampling technique. The target respondents were health care workers such as doctors, nurses and pharmacists who work in hospitals and primary health care centers situated in the municipality. It was observed that out of the top seven diseases that are most frequently reported in Ota, five were water related. These diseases include malaria, typhoid, vital organ failure, cholera and skin disease. Reasons for the high level of water related ailments were explained by poor level of supply of potable water to the municipality, as well as poor sanitation practices by the residents

Empirical Assessment of Social Motivation and Performance of Informal Entrepreneurs in Computer Village, Lagos State

The current upsurge of unemployment in Nigeria can be downplayed by entrepreneurship, an economic driver which reflects negatively on the adopted mono-economy of Nigeria with her dependence on oil rather than attaining a multi-diversification in all sectors. The informal entrepreneurship has proved its stance positively in curbing the unemployment issues in all sector and yet there seems to be an aggressive action taken towards its sustainability by the government and in this study, Nigeria. The study focuses on the need to understand the level of social drive in relationship to the performance attained by the informal entrepreneurs. In this regards, the propelling force to why the informal entrepreneur with governmental regulation have a positive performance and this was conducted in Computer village, Ikeja, Lagos. The explorative and causal research was adopted for the study. Survey research was considered appropriate for the study. 250 copies of questionnaire were distributed and 205 were returned depicting 82%. Analysis was done using the SPSS package and the hypothesis tested suggested that there is a significant relationship between social motivators and business competitiveness in the informal electronic market at 5 percent significant level, thereby accepting the alternate hypothesis. This study recommends that the place of family support has been noted to highly affect the motivation of the business and to this end, the basic support gotten from the government should be redesigned (i.e. schools, health), such that the remaining income will be used for expansion or transition while performance is primed

Chromosomal abnormalities in couples with recurrent abortions in Lagos, Nigeria

The study was to investigate the prevalence of chromosomal abnormalities in  couples with two or more recurrent miscarriages of unknown cause. The study  population included 55 women and 32 male partners with medical history of 2 or  more consecutive abortions and primary infertility. The controls were 20 healthy  couples with at least one live delivery and without a history of pregnancy loss.  Individuals with medical disease or reproductive organic abnormality were excluded from the study. Chromosomal analysis was performed on peripheral blood   lymphocytes cultured for 72 hours, using Trypsin-Giemsa (GTG) banding. In all cases, at least 20 metaphases were analyzed and 2 karyotypes were prepared, using light microscopy. Out of 78 cases of karyotype analyzed, 6 cases (7.7%) of abnormal chromosome karyotypes and two (2) Y chromosome variants (2.56%) were seen. No case of structural anomaly was seen. There was no case of  chromosomal abnormality seen among the control group in this study. The median age and age range of couples with recurrent miscarriages were 33 years and 28-42 years respectively for the females and 37 and 31-51 years for the males. The male to female ratio is 1:1. The most frequent age group of involvement is 35-39  (44.9%) followed by 30-34 (33.3%) and then 40-44(14.1%) Chromosomal  alterations affected most commonly age group 30-34(3.84%) followed by group 40-44 (2.56%). All the groups have equal average number of pregnancy wastage of 4 per couple. Of the 6 abnormal cases, 1 case (1.28%) each of the mosaic  Kleinfelter syndrome (XXY) and Superman (XYY) as well as 2 cases of   translocations made up of reciprocal and Robertsonian types. Also seen are 1case (1.28%) each of mosaic Turners syndrome and trisomy X. An association between chromosomal abnormalities and recurrent miscarriage of pregnancy was observed inthe study. Etiologic identification of genetic factors represents important clinical information for genetic counseling and orientation of the couple about the risk for future pregnancies and decreases the number of investigations needed to elucidate the possible causes of miscarriages.Keywords: Chromosomal abnormalities, recurrent miscarriages, Genetic counselling

Cystic poorly differentiated nephroblastoma: A case report and review of literature

Background: Cystic poorly differentiated nephroblastoma (CPDN) is a rare variant of nephroblastoma which follows a benign clinical course. Case diagnosis/treatment: In this report, we document a case of CPDN in a 2 year old boy who presented with recurrent gross painless hematuria and progressive abdominal distension. Abdominal ultrasound showed a multicystic lesion and CT scan features of Stage III Wilms tumour. Nephrectomy was done after two cycles of chemotherapy according to the SIOP Nephroblastoma therapeutic protocols. Histology showed blastemal cells in the wall of only one of the cysts, with no solid expansile nodules. The patient had to have five more cycles of chemotherapy and also radiotherapy for residual tumour. Conclusions: Surgery is curative in Stage I CPDN and adjuvant therapy is not required. Adequate sampling is critical to ensure accurate diagnosis and appropriate management. We suggest that a minimum of 2–3 tissue sections should be taken per centimetre of tumour diameter. Related entities including cystic nephroma, cystic Wilms tumour and completely necrotic nephroblastoma are discussed in the differential diagnosis

Morphological Pattern of Childhood Solid Tumours in Lagos University Teaching Hospital.

Background: There is a wide variation in the incidence of childhood tumors world wide. The relative incidence of childhood tumors in developing countries is increasing and might add significantly to the high childhood morbidity and mortality caused by infectious diseases. There is need to determine the incidence of childhood cancer in different centers of the country and contribute to the National cancer register Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the burden and patterns of childhood tumour in our environment. Methods: A retrospective review of histologically diagnosed cases of childhood tumours seen from January 2000 to 2007 from the records of the department of Morbid Anatomy of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH), Nigeria was carried out. All the cases were analyzed for age and gender distribution as well as histological types Results: Malignant tumours constituted 30.50% of the tumours of which retinoblastoma is the most common. The most common benign tumour was fibroadenoma accounting for 36.2% of all benign tumours. The female to male ratio for malignant and benign tumours are 1:1 and 1:1.3 respectively. The peak age incidence was 11 – 15 years for benign and 1 – 5 for malignant tumours. . Conclusion: The study showed decrease in the annual incidence of childhood tumours in Lagos. There was however no difference in the pattern when compared with other centers in Nigeria and in other African countries.Keywords: Morphology, Pattern, Childhood, Solid tumour

Neonatal neuroblastoma with adrenal primary and metastasis to the liver: A case report and a review of literature

We report the case of a 23-day-old neonate with neuroblastoma (NBL) in the right adrenal gland and widespread metastases to the liver. This raises the possibility of foetal NBL, which was missed during periodic ultrasonography done during the mother's pregnancy. We hope that this report would increase the awareness of physicians about foetal, congenital and neonatal NBL; and of sonographers about space-occupying lesions in the foetus. The clinicopathologic features and the management of neonatal NBL are discussed