NGOs in Turkey’s Media Field: Causes, Sources and Potentials for Development

This study elaborates on the non-governmental organizations in Turkey that operate within the broadly defined media field, where a wide variety of organizations, associations, movements and platforms are observed. Focusing on the two most disputed subdomains of the media in Turkey, namely news and information technologies, this descriptive research, at the first level, examines the causes or existence reasons of the NGOs along with their strategies, operations and achievements or failures. Their organizational forms and resources are studied at the second level. Third level of the study investigates their relations with a particular focus on their operational context. It has been found that the socio-political environment in the country or ongoing crises of different sorts, multiply the number of issues, and the existing complications impede mobilization

Spectroscopic, Structural, Aromaticity and Electronic Properties of Isatoic Anhydride - Experimental and Theoretical Investigations

The paper compares the experimental FT-IR, 1H- and 13C-NMR spectra of isatoic anhydride (ISA) with the Hartree-Fock (HF) and Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations using three different basis sets (6-31+G(d,p), 6-311+G(d,p), cc-pVTZ). The best compatibility between the experimental and theoretical FT-IR spectrum was observed with the use of B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) method for ISA. Furthermore, the theoretical1H- and 13C-NMR spectra interpreted by GIAO method depict that the DFT formalism, particularly the B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) theory of level, gives an accurate description of the ISA experimental chemical shifts. The calculated structural data were also compared with experimental findings. The statistical regression analyses show that the B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) method results in a correct description of the ISA crystallographic data. Moreover, the frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs), molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) map, and NBO atomic charges of the ISA have been discussed at B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) theory of level. The FMO analysis were used to determine the charge transfer within ISA and some chemical descriptors such as ionization potential, electron affinity, chemical hardness, softness, chemical potential and electro negativity. The Nucleus-Independent Chemical Shifts (NICS) were also computed for ISA derivatives, 2-10. In the X: O and Y: S derivative, 4, sulphur substitution increases slightly the aromaticity of ISA skeleto

Laparoscopic treatment of morgagni hernia: Two case reports

Morgagni hernias account for only 2–3% of all diaphragmatic hernias, and most of them (91%) are rightsided. Most Morgagni hernias are diagnosed in childhood, but rarely diagnosis may be late because they can be asymptomatic or present nonspecific-nonrespiratory symptoms. Thus, Morgagni hernia diagnosis is incidental in the majority of adulthood cases. The defect arises from a fusion failure of the diaphragm with the central arches. Surgery is the main treatment modality of the Morgagni hernia due to defect enlargement and strangulation- incarceration risks. In this paper, we present two Morgagni hernia cases treated with laparoscopic surgery. Minimal invasive techniques can be used in Morgagni hernia with all advantages

An extremely rare case of testicular malign neoplasm; alveolar subtype of rhabdomyosarcoma with long term follow-up.

Testicular neoplasm usually occur in men aged between 15 and 35. These are solid organ tumours and also should be operated when there is a suspicious clinical findings. Testis tumours are levelled after histopathology evaluation. The medical, surgical and follow-up strategies of well know testis tumours, such as seminomas, non-seminom germ cell tumours, have been established. In case of testis tumours rare entities may occur as rhabdomyosarcoma.We here presented a rare case of   alveolar subtype of rhabdomyosarcoma in testis with long term follow-up

Morphologic Mapping of the Sublingual Microcirculation in Healthy Volunteers

PURPOSE Monitoring the sublingual and oral microcirculation (SM-OM) using hand-held vital microscopes (HVMs) has provided valuable insight into the (patho)physiology of diseases. However, the microvascular anatomy in a healthy population has not been adequately described yet. METHODS Incident dark field-based HVM imaging was used to visualize the SM-OM. First, the SM was divided into four different fields; Field-a (between incisors-lingua), Field-b (between the canine-first premolar-lingua), Field-c (between the first-second premolar-lingua), Field-d (between the second molar-wisdom teeth-lingua). Second, we investigated the buccal area, lower and upper lip. Total/functional vessel density (TVD/FCD), focus depth (FD), small vessel mean diameters (SVMDs), and capillary tortuosity score (CTS) were compared between the areas. RESULTS Fifteen volunteers with a mean age of 29 ± 6 years were enrolled. No statistical difference was found between the sublingual fields in terms of TVD (p = 0.30), FCD (p = 0.38), and FD (p = 0.09). SVMD was similar in Field-a, Field-b, and Field-c (p = 0.20-0.30), and larger in Field-d (p < 0.01, p = 0.015). The CTS of the buccal area was higher than in the lips. CONCLUSION The sublingual area has a homogenous distribution in TVD, FCD, FD, and SVMD. This study can be a description of the normal microvascular anatomy for future researches regarding microcirculatory assessment

Three versus five intravitreal aflibercept injections as the initial loading phase in the treatment of diabetic macular edema: one-year results

Purpose: To compare the efficacy of three initial monthly intravitreal aflibercept injections followed by pro re nata (3+PRN) dosing versus five initial monthly intravitreal aflibercept injections followed by pro re nata (5+ PRN) dosing in patients with diabetic macular edema. Methods: A total of 60 treatment-naive patients with macular edema who underwent intravitreal aflibercept injections (2 mg/0.05 mL) with at least one year of follow-up were analyzed in this retrospective and comparative study. The patients were divided into two groups according to the number of intravitreal aflibercept injections administered in the loading phase. The 3+PRN group comprised 27 patients, whereas the 5+PRN group comprised 33 patients. The visual and anatomical outcomes were compared between the two groups at baseline and at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Results: Both 3+ PRN and 5+ PRN, showed statistically significant improvements in the best-corrected visual acuity and central macular thicknesse throughout the study period (p<0.001 and, p < 0.001, respectively). There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of changes in the best-corrected visual acuity and central macular thickness (p=0.453 and, p=0.784, respectively). The mean number of intravitreal aflibercept injections was significantly greater in the 5+PRN group (6.1 +/- 0.8) than in the 3+PRN group (3.9 +/- 0.8) (p<0.001). Conclusion: The 3+PRN and 5+PRN regimens showed similar 12-month visual and anatomical outcomes following treatment with intravitreal aflibercept injections in patients with macular edema

Associations of non-HDL-C and triglyceride/HDL-C ratio with coronary plaque burden and plaque characteristics in young adults

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is uncommon in young adult patients. However, these patients have different risk factor profiles and high-risk coronary plaques are more common. The aim of this study was to examine the relations between the coronary plaque burden, plaque composition, serum non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non–HDL-C) levels, and triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio in young adults. We analyzed a total of 551 patients under age 45 who had undergone coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA). Coronary plaque characteristics were analyzed using CCTA. Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to assess the predictors of non-calcified plaque (NCB) and calcified plaque (CB) burdens. Serum non–HDL-C levels and TG/HDL-C ratio were higher in the coronary atherosclerosis patient group. Serum non–HDL-C levels and the TG/HDL-C ratio were higher in the obstructive CAD patient group. The plaque burden was positively correlated with non-HDL-C (r = 0.30; p < 0.001), and TG/HDL-C ratio (r = 0.18; p < 0.001).  NCB was positively correlated with age, gender, smoking status, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, serum triglycerides, hbA1c, non–HDL-C, and TG/HDL-C ratio. Non–HDL-C (β coefficient = 0.13; p = 0.023) and TG/HDL-C ratio (β = 0.10;  p = 0.042) were independent predictors of NCB. Serum non–HDL-C levels and TG/HDL-C were significantly associated with the presence and burden of coronary plaques. Serum non–HDL-C and TG/HDL-C ratios were independently associated with NCB, suggesting their use as easy-to-compute markers for identifying high-risk groups in young adults

Desenvolvimento de fibrilação ventricular por causa de etomidato para indução anestésica: um efeito colateral muito raro, relato de caso

ResumoJustificativa e objetivosA ocorrência de fibrilação ventricular em um paciente pode resultar em complicações inesperadas. Nosso objetivo é apresentar um caso de fibrilação ventricular que ocorreu após a indução anestésica com administração de etomidato.Relato de casoPaciente do sexo feminino, 56 anos, com pré‐diagnóstico de cálculos biliares, foi admitida na sala de cirurgia para colecistectomia laparoscópica. A anestesia foi induzida com a administração de etomidato com uma dose em bolus de 0,3mg/kg. A paciente apresentou uma grave e rápida adução dos braços logo após a indução. Taquicardia com QRS largo e frequência ventricular de 188bpm foram detectadas no monitor. O ritmo converteu‐se em fibrilação ventricular (FV) durante a preparação para a cardioversão. A paciente foi imediatamente submetida a desfibrilação. O ritmo sinusal foi obtido. Decidimos adiar a cirurgia por causa da condição de instabilidade da paciente.ConclusãoAlém dos efeitos secundários conhecidos de etomidato, taquicardia ventricular e fibrilação, embora muito raramente, também podem ser observadas. Até onde sabemos, esse é o primeiro caso na literatura de FV causado por etomidato.AbstractBackground and objectivesVentricular fibrillation occurring in a patient can result in unexpected complications. Here, our aim is to present a case of ventricular fibrillation occurring immediately after anesthesia induction with etomidate administration.Case reportA fifty‐six‐year‐old female patient with a pre‐diagnosis of gallstones was admitted to the operating room for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The induction was performed by etomidate with a bolus dose of 0.3mg/kg. Severe and fast adduction appeared in the patient's arms immediately after induction. A tachycardia with wide QRS and ventricular rate 188beat/min was detected on the monitor. The rhythm turned to VF during the preparation of cardioversion. Immediately we performed defibrillation to the patient. Sinus rhythm was obtained. It was decided to postpone the operation due to the patient's unstable condition.ConclusionIn addition to other known side effects of etomidate, very rarely, ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation can be also seen. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case regarding etomidate causing VF in the literature