HOW “KHMER PRODUCT” IS MADE THROUGH DEVELOPMENT PROCESS: FOCUSING ON CHANGING THE VALUE OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS IN CONTEMPORARY CAMBODIA

This study investigates some aspects of the socio-cultural changes that took place in contemporary rural Cambodia by focusing on production and marketing practices. It explores both the changing value crops and the transformation in agricultural production and trade among Khmer farmers after a new farming technology was introduced by a local NGO.  The case study presented in this paper is a local NGO operating since 2001 in the rural area where the author has conducted fieldwork from 2005 to 2016. The NGO has introduced a new agricultural technique and tried to establish farmer organizations in village and national level.  The yield crops produced with new technology was authorized by NGOs and given the new commodity value of ‘Khmer organic products. This signifies that dissemination of new agricultural techniques brings not only change in the production itself but imposes a new system for marketing crops and images of Khmer products. Therefore, dynamically transformed the social relationship patterns not only among the farmers, but with outsiders as well, including development promoter

A high precision and high resolution estimation of the spatial distribution of PM2.5 in the south area of Okayama prefecture, Japan

　A relatively high precision and high resolution spatial distribution of the PM2.5 in the south part of the Okayama prefecture, Japan was estimated by the Universal Kriging method and the FOSS4G GIS softwares. The observation data of the PM2.5 were obtained from the Environmental data service site of the Okayama prefecture. The geospatial open data about the research field that used in the research were served by the government research institutes. The spatial analysis were executed by the R (R core team, 2014) and its spatial libraries, maptools (Bivand and Lewin-Koh, 2014), rgdal (Bivand, Keitt and Rowlingson, 2014) and gstat (Pebesma, 2014). The geospatial representation and qualitative analysis of the estimated distribution were performed by the QGIS (QGIS Development Team, 2014) and the Google earth (Google, 2014). The time variant of the PM2.5 concentration by the each observatories in the area were show some cross correlation factor to the SPM10 concentration data. The estimated PM2.5 distribution seems to show that the relatively tight relation to the geospatial factors in the research area. The estimation of a time variant change of the PM2.5 distribution will be required of the further research.

Simulation of Arc Motion in Alternating Mahnetic Field Using Dimensionless Momentum Equation

A new heat-treatment system has been developed using an arc driven by an alternating magnetic field. The arc motion was theoretically investigated by the method of non-dimensionalanalysis. After the definition of the pertinent characteristic length and time, the momentum equation was converted into the dimensionless form. This approach gave us not only a short cut to simulate the arc motion but also clear understanding on the nature of the magnetically driven arc

Citrulline, a novel compatible solute in drought-tolerant wild watermelon leaves, is an efficient hydroxyl radical scavenger

AbstractDrought-tolerant wild watermelon accumulates high levels of citrulline in the leaves in response to drought conditions. In this work, the hydroxyl radical-scavenging activity of citrulline was investigated in vitro. The second-order rate constant for the reaction between citrulline and hydroxyl radicals was found to be 3.9×109 M−1 s−1, demonstrating that citrulline is one of the most efficient scavengers among compatible solutes examined so far. Moreover, citrulline effectively protected DNA and an enzyme from oxidative injuries. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis revealed that at least four major products were formed by the reaction between citrulline and hydroxyl radicals. Activities of metabolic enzymes were not inhibited by up to 600 mM citrulline, indicating that citrulline does not interfere with cellular metabolism. We reasoned, from these results, that citrulline contributes to oxidative stress tolerance under drought conditions as a novel hydroxyl radical scavenger

Equilibrium states and their entropy densities in gauge-invariant C*-systems

A gauge-invariant C*-system is obtained as the fixed point subalgebra of the infinite tensor product of full matrix algebras under the tensor product unitary action of a compact group. In the paper, thermodynamics is studied on such systems and the chemical potential theory developed by Araki, Haag, Kastler and Takesaki is used. As a generalization of quantum spin system, the equivalence of the KMS condition, the Gibbs condition and the variational principle is shown for translation-invariant states. The entropy density of extremal equilibrium states is also investigated in relation to macroscopic uniformity.Comment: 20 pages, revised in March 200