Economic effects analysis of public investment in road improvement works in Hokkaido. Simulation analysis based on a macro-econometric model of Hokkaido

The objective of this study is to clarify how public investment in road improvement projects over a given analytical period of time has affected Hokkaido`s economic structure on the whole in relation to the industrial economy, prefectural income, household consumption, and commodity prices, through a simulation analysis based on a macro-econometric model. More specifically, our goal is to model both the direct effects achieved through the use of improved roads including the reduction of time-distance coefficients, the reduction of transportation costs and market expansion, and the indirect effects such as enhancement of lifestyles and convenience and influence on other public projects including living area improvement and promotion of regional areas, and to identify these effects quantitatively. Taking data availability into consideration, this study covers a 21-year analysis period covering the years 1976 through 1996. In constructing a quantitative model, the effect flow to be modeled was examined from two perspectives: 1) an effect flow showing the effects of road improvement works on production efficiency and market efficiency; and 2) an effect flow showing the effects of road improvement works on living standards considering convenience and lifestyle improvement. Then we attempted building a model that could indicate the occurrence of these effects in both Flow and Stock contexts. As a result of the simulation analysis, it was clarified that application of road improvement works would bring about pronounced positive economic benefits in tertiary industries, particularly in the transportation-service and wholesale/retail sectors, and greatly expand the prefectural net product on the whole. It was also revealed that these expansion effects would stimulate an increase in the prefectural income and in private final consumption expenditure. Furthermore, a simulation analysis on the economic effects that the expansion of the express-highway network would have on Hokkaido`s entire economy revealed that there would be a large effect particularly on investment and production within the transportation/communication industry and also on the commercial output of the wholesale/retail industry.

Pulse Timing Control of Multiple Signal Interconnections for Reduction of EMI

This paper presents pulse timing control method to reduce electromagnetic emission from multiple signal interconnections. Pulse timing control gives intentional skew between signals. Higher order harmonics are canceled because of the difference of the phase between the signals. Using this property, pulse timing control can reduce the EMI in wide frequency range. In this paper, we show that radiated electromagnetic field from multiple signal lines reduces its intensity to the same level of the field from one line by using pulse timing control. The result of measurement shows that EMI from four differential transmission lines can be reduced more than 9 dB in the 200 MHz to 800 MHz frequency range

Economic effects analysis of public investment in road improvement works in Hokkaido. Simulation analysis based on a macro-econometric model of Hokkaido

The objective of this study is to clarify how public investment in road improvement projects over a given analytical period of time has affected Hokkaido`s economic structure on the whole in relation to the industrial economy, prefectural income, household consumption, and commodity prices, through a simulation analysis based on a macro-econometric model. More specifically, our goal is to model both the direct effects achieved through the use of improved roads including the reduction of time-distance coefficients, the reduction of transportation costs and market expansion, and the indirect effects such as enhancement of lifestyles and convenience and influence on other public projects including living area improvement and promotion of regional areas, and to identify these effects quantitatively. Taking data availability into consideration, this study covers a 21-year analysis period covering the years 1976 through 1996. In constructing a quantitative model, the effect flow to be modeled was examined from two perspectives: 1) an effect flow showing the effects of road improvement works on production efficiency and market efficiency; and 2) an effect flow showing the effects of road improvement works on living standards considering convenience and lifestyle improvement. Then we attempted building a model that could indicate the occurrence of these effects in both Flow and Stock contexts. As a result of the simulation analysis, it was clarified that application of road improvement works would bring about pronounced positive economic benefits in tertiary industries, particularly in the transportation-service and wholesale/retail sectors, and greatly expand the prefectural net product on the whole. It was also revealed that these expansion effects would stimulate an increase in the prefectural income and in private final consumption expenditure. Furthermore, a simulation analysis on the economic effects that the expansion of the express-highway network would have on Hokkaido`s entire economy revealed that there would be a large effect particularly on investment and production within the transportation/communication industry and also on the commercial output of the wholesale/retail industry

Tingkat Pengetahuan Perempuan Surabaya Mengenai Iklan Corporate Social Responsibility Revlon Kiss for Life Melalui Media Above Dan Below the Line

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui tingkat pengetahuan perempuan Surabaya mengenai iklan CSR Revlon Kiss for Life melalui media above dan below the line. Televisi, majalah, facebook, dan folder digunakan untuk mengkomunikasikan iklan Kiss for Life. Elemen iklan yaitu penggambaran visual turut berperan sebagai indikator untuk mengukur tingkat pengetahuan. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif, menggunakan metode survei. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tingkat pengetahuan pengetahuan perempuan Surabaya mengenai iklan CSR Revlon Kiss for Life melalui media above dan below the line tergolong sedang

Longitudinal observation of insulin secretory ability before and after the onset of immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced diabetes mellitus: A report of two cases

Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced diabetes mellitus is a rare immune-related adverse event. This report illustrates clinical data and insulin secretory ability before and after the onset of immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced diabetes

Lgals9 deficiency ameliorates obesity by modulating redox state of PRDX2

The adipose tissue is regarded as an endocrine organ and secretes bioactive adipokines modulating chronic inflammation and oxidative stress in obesity. Gal-9 is secreted out upon cell injuries, interacts with T-cell immunoglobulin-3 (Tim-3) and induces apoptosis in activated Th1 cells. Gal-9 also binds to protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), maintains PDI on surface of T cells, and increases free thiols in the disulfide/thiol cycles. To explore the molecular mechanism of obesity, we investigated Gal-9(-/-) and Gal-9(wt/wt) C57BL/6J mice fed with high fat-high sucrose (HFHS) chow. Gal-9(-/-) mice were resistant to diet-induced obesity associated with reduction of epididymal and mesenteric fat tissues and improved glucose tolerance compared with Gal-9(wt/wt) mice. However, the number of M1, M2 macrophages, and M1/M2 ratio in epididymal fat were unaltered. Under HFHS chow, Gal-9(-/-) mice receiving Gal-9(-/-) or Gal-9(wt/wt) bone marrow-derived cells (BMCs) demonstrated significantly lower body weight compared with Gal-9(wt/wt) mice receiving Gal-9(-/-) BMCs. We identified the binding between Gal-9 and peroxiredoxin-2 (PRDX2) in sugar chain-independent manner by nanoLC-MS/MS, immunoprecipitation, and pull-down assay. In 3T3L1 adipocytes, Gal-9 knockdown shifts PRDX2 monomer (reduced form) dominant from PRDX2 dimer (oxidized form) under oxidative stress with H2O2. The inhibition of Gal-9 in adipocytes may be a new therapeutic approach targeting the oxidative stress and subsequent glucose intolerance in obesity

Bilateral dystonia in type 1 diabetes: a case report

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licens

The hypoglycemia-prevention effect of sensor-augmented pump therapy with predictive low glucose management in Japanese patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a short-term study

Aims/introduction The predictive low glucose management (PLGM) system was introduced in March 2018 in Japan. Although there are some reports demonstrating the benefit of PLGM in preventing hypoglycemia, no data are currently available in Japanese patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of PLGM with sensor-augmented pump therapy in the prevention of hypoglycemia in Japanese patients. Materials and methods We included 16 patients with T1DM who used the MiniMed®640G system after switching from the MiniMed®620G system. We retrospectively analysed the data of the continuous glucose monitoring system in 1 month after switching to MiniMed®640G. Results The area under the curve (AUC) of hypoglycemia of  180 mg/dL and the duration of hyperglycemia did not change. With the PLGM function, 79.3% of the predicted hypoglycemic events were avoided. Conclusions The hypoglycemia avoidance rate was comparable to those in previous reports. In addition, we demonstrated that PLGM can markedly suppress severe hypoglycemia without deteriorating glycemic control in Japanese T1DM patients. It is necessary to further investigate the effective use of the PLGM feature such as establishing a lower limit and the timing of resumption

口腔上皮細胞に対するJuncus effusus L.水抽出物の抗炎症及び保護効果

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by periodontopathogenic bacteria that form biofilms in periodontal pockets. The gingival epithelium acts as the first physical barrier in fighting attacks by periodontopathogenic pathogens, such as the primary etiological agent Porphyromonas gingivalis, and various exogenous chemicals, as well as regulates the local innate immune responses. Therefore, the development of novel oral care products to inhibit inflammatory reactions caused by bacterial infection and protect the gingival epithelium is necessary. Juncus effusus L. has generally been used as an indigenous medicine, such as a diuretic, an antipyretic, and an analgesic, in ancient practice. In this study, we examined the effects of a water extract from J. effusus L. on the inhibition of the inflammatory reaction elicited by bacterial infection and protection of the oral epithelium by chemical irritation. Pretreatment of oral epithelial cells with the water extract from J. effusus L. significantly reduced P. gingivalis or its lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) mediated production of chemokines (interleukin-8 and C-C-chemokine ligand20) in a concentration-dependent manner with comparable to or greater effects than epigallocatechin gallate and protected oral epithelial cells from injury by chemical irritants, cetylpyridinium chloride, and benzethonium chloride. Moreover, the water extract from J. effusus L. in the presence of antimicrobial agents or antifibrinolytics already used as ingredients in mouthwash could significantly reduce the production of chemokines from P. gingivalis LPS-stimulated oral epithelial cells in a concentration-dependent manner. These findings suggest that the water extract from J. effusus L. is potentially useful for oral care to prevent oral infections, such as periodontal infections, and maintain oral epithelial function