17 research outputs found
Copper- and Silver-Catalyzed Diastereo- and Enantioselective Conjugate Addition Reaction of 1âPyrroline Esters to Nitroalkenes: Diastereoselectivity Switch by Chiral Metal Complexes
<i>syn</i>-Diastereoselective
conjugate addition of 1-pyrroline
esters to nitroalkenes in good yields with an excellent enantioselectivity
by using CuOAc/Me-FcPHOX catalyst in the presence of pyridine. In
contrast, AgOAc/<i>t</i>Bu-ThioClickFerrophos catalyzed
the <i>anti</i> diastereoselective conjugate addition with
a high enantioselectivity without additional base. Thus, the preparation
of chiral 1-pyrroline derivatives bearing diverse stereochemistry
could be achieved. The diastereoselective reduction of the imine group
in the conjugate adduct could afford the 2,5-<i>cis</i>-proline
ester derivative
Incidence of opioidâinduced constipation in Japanese patients with cancer pain: A prospective observational cohort study
Abstract This multicenter, prospective, observational cohort study assessed opioid induced constipation (OIC) in Japanese patients with cancer. Eligible patients had stable cancer and an ECOG PS of 0â2. OIC incidence based on the Rome IV diagnostic criteria was determined by patient diary entries during the first 14Â days of opioid therapy. The proportion of patients with OIC was calculated for each 1âweek period and the overall 2âweek study period. Secondary measurements of OIC included the Bowel Function Index (BFI) score (patient assessment administered by physician), spontaneous bowel movements (SBMs) per week (patient assessment), and physician assessments. Medication for constipation was allowed. Two hundred and twenty patients were enrolled. The mean morphineâequivalent dose was 22Â mg/day. By Rome IV criteria, the cumulative incidence of OIC was 56% (95% CI: 49.2%â62.9%); week 1, 48% (95% CI: 40.8%â54.6%); week 2, 37% (95% CI: 30.1%â43.9%). The cumulative incidence of OIC was lower in patients who received prophylactic agents for constipation (48% [95% CI: 38.1%â57.5%]) than in patients who did not (65% [95% CI: 55.0%â74.2%]). The cumulative incidences of OIC were 59% (95% CI: 51.9%â66.0%), 61% (95% CI: 54.3%â68.1%), and 45% (95% CI: 38.0%â51.8%) based on BFI scores, physician assessments, and SBM frequency, respectively. Frequency of BMs/week before starting opioids was the most influential factor for the occurrence of OIC. Utilization of prophylactic agents for constipation was associated with a modest effect on reducing the incidence of OIC. The incidences of OIC reported were variable depending on the diagnostic tool involved
Copper- and Silver-Catalyzed Diastereo- and Enantioselective Conjugate Addition Reaction of 1âPyrroline Esters to Nitroalkenes: Diastereoselectivity Switch by Chiral Metal Complexes
<i>syn</i>-Diastereoselective
conjugate addition of 1-pyrroline
esters to nitroalkenes in good yields with an excellent enantioselectivity
by using CuOAc/Me-FcPHOX catalyst in the presence of pyridine. In
contrast, AgOAc/<i>t</i>Bu-ThioClickFerrophos catalyzed
the <i>anti</i> diastereoselective conjugate addition with
a high enantioselectivity without additional base. Thus, the preparation
of chiral 1-pyrroline derivatives bearing diverse stereochemistry
could be achieved. The diastereoselective reduction of the imine group
in the conjugate adduct could afford the 2,5-<i>cis</i>-proline
ester derivative
Opioid-Induced Constipation in Patients with Cancer Pain in Japan (OIC-J Study): A Post Hoc Analysis
Opioid-induced constipation (OIC) can limit the clinical benefit of opioid treatment. This post-hoc analysis evaluated the association between the Rome IV diagnostic criteria and other measures for OIC, including the Bowel Function Index (BFI), correlation between demographics and OIC onset, impact of OIC on pain treatment, and impact of patientâhealthcare professional (HCP) communication on patient satisfaction. Patients recorded bowel habits in paper diaries for 14 days following opioid initiation. Study-specific questionnaires were used to evaluate patient awareness of OIC and satisfaction. Patients were â„20 years old, initiating strong opioid therapy for cancer pain, had an ECOG PS †2, and had no constipation (â„3 bowel movements within 7 days of enrollment). A total of 220 patients were enrolled. The sensitivity and specificity of BFI for identifying OIC were 81.2% and 54.7%, respectively. Age <65 versus â„65 years (odds ratio (OR) = 0.510, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.267â0.977) and the presence or absence of comorbidities (OR = 0.443, 95% CI: 0.221â0.885) were correlated with OIC onset. The proportion of inpatients with sustainable pain control at week 2 was similar in patients with or without OIC (60.0% vs. 67.2%, respectively). By patient assessment, there was a significant correlation between an adequate level of patientâHCP communication and satisfaction with OIC treatment (OR = 9.538 (95% CI: 1.577â57.681)). Using BFI to screen for OIC represents a valid approach in patients with cancer pain. PatientâHCP communication is essential for effective management of OIC in patients with cancer pain