透視画像中のカテーテル先端位置を磁気共鳴アンギオ画像内の3次元的位置へ投影する方法

取得学位 : 博士（保健学）, 学位授与番号 : 医博甲第1698号, 学位授与年月日 : 平成17年3月22日, 学位授与大学 : 金沢大学, 主査 : 鈴木 正之, 副査 :菊池 雄三, 真田

HISTOLOGICAL AND HISTOCHEMICAL OF MUCUS PRODUCING CELL AT SEVERAL ORGANS OF PARROT FISH (Scarus javanicus)

Mucosal secretion is the first line of defense and mucosal lining cells functions as the defensive cellular barrier against foreign agents. The mucus layer covering the body surface of teleost fishes is secreted by mucus cells (MC). In the present study, the structure of MC and its content in the epithelium of the buccal cavity, the gill arch, the esophagus and the skin of parrotfish (Scarus javanicus) were compared histologically and histochemically. A special mucus-secreting organ of the parrotfish (opercular gland) also observed using the same methods. Many MC distributed in the epithelium of buccal cavity, the esophagus and in the opercular gland of parrotfish. Many MC in the special gland of parrotfish suggest that these organs actively secrete much mucus. Contrary, lower density of MC was observed in the skin of parrotfish. Histochemical reactions revealed that out of eight lectin used in the present study. The WGA reacted widely with tissues of parrotfish in the epithelium of buccal cavity, opercular gland, gill and esophagus. These results suggests that N-'acetyl-D-glucosamine is a common carbohydrate residues of glycoproteins contained in mucus. Other lectins, PNA reacted with the skin of parrotfish. Mucus from these tissues contains carbohydrate residues of D-galactose for PNA. Mucus proteins containing these various carbohydrate residues may reveal characteristic natures of each tissues. Keywords: histology, histochemistry, mucus, parrot fis

Radioanatomical study of the bronchovascular anomalies of the middle and lower lobes of the right lung using multidetector computed tomography

石川県済生会金沢病院放射線部金沢大学医薬保健研究域保健学系Objective:: Preoperative evaluation of bronchovascular structures is useful for prevention of accidents in pulmonary lobectomy. The purpose of this study was to examine the frequency and multidetector computed tomographic (CT) appearances of bronchovascular anomalies between the right middle and lower lobes. Methods:: A total of 1116 consecutive chest CT examinations were analyzed in the present study. On display, the bronchovascular anomalies between the right middle and lower lobes were searched. When anomalous structures were observed, 3-dimensional images were reconstructed. Results:: Sixty-seven cases (6.0%) with anomalous findings were observed. In 20 cases (1.79%), the right middle lobe bronchus and artery supplied the lower lobe, whereas the lower lobe artery supplied the right middle lobe in 46 cases (4.12%). In 1 case (0.09%), the 2 patterns previously mentioned were observed concomitantly. Conclusions:: Anomalous bronchovascular structures between the right middle and lower lobes were identified by a multidetector CT with an incidence of 6.0%. Knowledge of the frequency and CT features is useful for preoperative CT evaluation. © 2009 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

A rule-based scheme for detection of accessory cardiac bronchus in chest computed tomography images

金沢大学大学院医学系研究科Accessory cardiac bronchus (ACB) is a rare bronchial anomaly This anomaly often goes undetected due to its low frequency and lack of symptoms in most cases. However, ACB should be diagnosed because it sometimes causes infection and/or hemoptysis. Here, we present a rule-based and 2D-based scheme, which can detect ACB in chest multi-slice computed tomography volume data. We have developed a computer-aided scheme for detection of ACB. This scheme performs extraction of the bronchial tree structure, determination of trachea bifurcation, and detection of ACB on the right bronchi. The sensitivity and specificity of this scheme were evaluated in 9 cases: 3 with ACB. 3 with tracheal bronchus and no ACB, and 3 normal cases. All of the subjects were examined with MSCT scanners (LightSpeed Ultra 16 and LightSpeed Plus; GE Medical Systems, Milwaukee. WI, USA) using a contiguous slice thickness of 2.5 mm. We also measured the time taken for examination using the scheme on a personal computer (CPU: 2.4 GHz Pentium 4, Memory: 1 Gbyte; OS: Red Hat Linux 9). The scheme detected ACB in two of the three cases (Sensitivity: 66.7%), and all of the cases without ACB were identified as having no ACB (Specificity: 100%). The mean processing time was 13.5 seconds (SD: 6.4) per case, and therefore this scheme could be suitable for prechecking before actual diagnosis

Daily expression of a clock gene in the brain and pituitary of the Malabar grouper (Epinephelus malabaricus)

Recent studies have revealed that, in addition to regulating the circadian system, clock genes such as cryptochrome (Cry) genes are involved in seasonal and lunar rhythmicity in fish. This study clarified the transcriptional characteristics of a Cry subtype (mgCry2) in the brain of the Malabar grouper, Epinephelus malabaricus, which is an important aquaculture species that spawns around the new moon. The cDNA sequence of mgCry2 showed high identity (97-99%) with fish Cry2 and had an open reading frame encoding a protein with 170 amino acids. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that mgCRY2 had high identity with CRY in other fish species. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) showed the widespread distribution of mgCry2 in neural (brain, pituitary, and retina) and peripheral (heart, liver, kidney, spleen, gill, intestine, and ovary) tissues. When immature Malabar groupers were reared under a light-dark cycle (LD=12:12) and the amounts of mgCry2 mRNA in the telencephalon and diencephalon were measured at 4-h intervals, the levels increased during photophase and decreased during scotophase. Day-night variation in mgCry2 mRNA abundance was also observed in the pituitary. These daily profiles suggest that mgCry2 is a light-responsive gene in neural tissues. In situ hybridization analyses showed that mgCry2 was strongly transcribed in the nucleus lateralis tuberis of the ventral hypothalamus, peripheral area of the proximal pars distalis, and the pars intermedia of the pituitary. We conclude that clock genes expressed in the pituitary and diencephalon play a role in entraining the endocrine network of the Malabar grouper to periodic changes in external cues

Comparison of the Motion Accuracy of a Six Degrees of Freedom Radiotherapy Couch with and without Weights

In this study, we compared the motion accuracy of a six degrees of freedom (6D) couch for precision radiotherapy with or without weights attached to the couch. Two digital cameras were focused on the iso-center of a linear accelerator. Images of a needle which had been fixed to the 6D couch were obtained using the cameras when the couch moved in translation and rotation around each axis. The three-dimensional (3D) coordinates of the needle were calculated from coordinate values in the images. A coordinate error of the needle position relative to the theoretical position was calculated. The errors were obtained with or without a 60 kg weight attached to the 6D couch, and these errors were compared with each other. The mean distance of the 3D error vectors for the weighted test was 0.21 ± 0.11 mm, and >0.16 ± 0.09 mm for the non-weighted test (p < 0.05). However, the difference of two values was 0.06 mm which is smaller than the minimum distance the 6D couch system can correctly move. The variance of 0.16 mm for the Y coordinate errors for the weighted test only was larger than that for the non-weighted test, which was 0.06 mm (p < 0.05). We found that a total weight of 60 kg did not affect the accuracy of the 6D couch clinically. However, the variance of the Y coordinate errors was increased. This might suggest that the addition of this weight increased the uncertainty of the motion of the 6D couch

A metric for evaluation of deformable image registration

We propose a new metric, local uncertainty (LU), for the evaluation of deformable image registration (DIR) for dose accumulation in radiotherapy. LU measures the uncertainty of placement of each voxel in an image set after a DIR. The underlying concept of LU is that the distance between a focused voxel and a surrounding voxel on an image feature such as an edge is unchanged locally when the organ that includes these voxels is deformed. A candidate for the focused voxel after DIR can be calculated from three surrounding voxels and their distances. The positions of the candidates of the focused voxel calculated from several groups of any three surrounding voxels would vary. The variation of candidate positions indicates uncertainty of the focused voxel position. Thus, the standard deviation of candidate positions is treated as an LU value. The LU can be calculated in uniform signal regions. Assessment of DIR results in such regions is important for dose accumulation. The LU calculation was applied to a pair of computed tomography (CT) head and neck examinations after DIR. These CT examinations were for the initial radiotherapy planning and re-planning for a treatment course where the tumor underwent shrinkage during treatment. We generated an LU image showing high LU values in the shrinking tumor region and low LU values in undeformable bone. We have proposed the LU as a new metric for DIR