Anisogomphus yanagisawai Sasamoto, 2015, sp. nov.

Anisogomphus yanagisawai sp. nov. Figures 1–12 Material examined. Holotype: ♂ (Fig. 1) (NSMT-I-Od- 15803), Doi Inthanon (18 º 54 ' N, 98 º 52 ' E, ca. 1,400 m a.s.l.), Ban Luang, Chiang Mai Prov., Thailand, Takashi Yanagisawa leg., 6. VI. 2013. Paratype: 1 ♀, 2. VI. 2012; 4 ♀, 3. VI. 2012; 3 ♀, 4. VI. 2012; 2 ♀ 2. VI. 2013; 1 ♂, 6. VI. 2013, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (Fig. 2) (NSMT-I-Od- 15804), 8. VI. 2013. All collecting localities are the same as that of holotype. The holotype and one female paratype will be deposited in the National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo. The other specimens are preserved in Mr. Yanagisawa’s and author’s private collections. Holotype Male: Head (Fig. 3) black with yellow markings with brownish setae. Labium black in median lobe and pale yellow in lateral lobes; mandible black; labrum with a pair of transverse ellipsoid yellow spots; genae yellow except for black on upper margin; anteclypeus with yellow in upper margin and median part; postclypeus with a pair of small triangular spots laterally; frons medially with a slight depression and with a broad yellow band on dorso-anterior surface; eyes moss-green in life; vertex and antennae black; occiput slightly depressed in middle, yellow with posterolateral edge black. Prothorax black with yellow on anterior margin of anterior lobe, a dorsal spot and a pair of lateral ones on median lobe. Synthorax (Fig. 4) bicolored, black and yellow, as follows: mesepisternum with an anterior yellow stripe, running obliquely, attenuated ventrad and nearly touching antealar ridge, confluent below with collar stripe; antehumeral yellow stripe slender and weakly undulating, slightly expanded on ventral extreme to form fan shape, and barely touching or very close to anterior stripe; laterally synthorax yellow with broad black stripes on humeral, 1 st and 2 nd sutures. Stripes on humeral and 1 st suture connected at ventral and dorsal margins of mesepimeron; metastigma black; mesokatepisternum and metakatepisternum both yellow with black on anterior half; poststernum black. Legs black, outer surface of coxae yellow, inner surface of fore-femora pale yellow; femora with numerous small spines and two rows of 3 or 4 long spines distally; tibiae with 5–8 rows of medium length spines. Wings hyaline with black veins; primary (thick) antenodal veins first and fifth; an incomplete basal antenodal vein, i.e. only crossing subcostal space, present in all wings. Triangle in forewing entire; in left hind wing once crossed, but not crossed in right wing; anal triangle 3 -celled. Pterostigma brown, about 4 mm in length, overlying about 4 cells in both wings. Nodal index 11: 16:: 15: 11 / 11: 11:: 11: 11. Abdomen (Fig. 1) basal two segments relatively thick, then constricted and slender on S 3–6, expanded from S 7 and broadest at distal margin of S 8, tapering in S 9–10. Coloration black with yellow markings as follows: S 1 with yellow on ventral half. S 2 with an irregular round spot anteroventrally including auricle, and with an elongate ellipsoidal spot posteroventrally. S 3–6 each with small notched markings on anteroventral corner. S 1–6 with longitudinal stripe running continuously on dorsum, a part of which on S 1 and S 2 is irregularly broad and constricted, the posterior part uniformly very thin. S 7 with a large rhomboid marking on dorsum and irregular semi-circular markings ventrolaterally, both obscurely merging laterally. S 8 with vestigial poorly demarcated spots ventrally. S 9 and S 10 wholly black. Anal appendages (Figs. 5 & 6) black with whitish yellow outer branch of cerci. Cerci and epiproct are nearly the same length, a little shorter than S 10, in lateral view. Cercus with a prominent outer branch in dorsal view; cercus in dorsal view of an elongated triangular shape, main branch straight, ending obtusely, turned slightly downward in lateral view, a pair of the cerci disposed closely to each other; outer branch thick, arising from the middle of cercus, directing transversely and obliquely posterolaterad and suddenly constricted to a sharpened apex in dorsal view, this turned upward in lateral view. Epiproct bifid and strongly divergent in ventral view; very gently undulate along inner margin and of an almost uniform width before distal portion constricted to a blunt apex (Fig. 6), in lateral view gently hooked upward (Fig. 5). Accessory genitalia (Fig. 7) as follows; anterior hamulus broad basally, tapering, sharpened apically and hooked posteriad; posterior hamulus robust with large hook at apex turning anteroventrally. Penile organ (Figs. 8 & 9); vesicle triangularly shaped, excavated ventrally; 2 nd segment gently curved; 3 rd slender with swollen distal and proximal portions; 4 th (distal) tubular shaped with an opening in distal portion, and with a curtain-like lobule in baso-ventral part. Variations in paratype males. There are minor variations among two paratype males, compared with the holotype. Antenodal veins 16–20 in forewing, 11–13 in hind wing; postnodal veins 12–14 in both forewing and hind wing. Markings on S 7 somewhat variable, sometimes dorsal and lateral markings partly fused. Paratype female: General maculation pattern (Fig. 2) similar to that of male; however, there are several differences as follows: yellow maculation on head sometimes fading, especially that of postclypeus. Occiput depressed medially, more excavated than in male but lacking additional processes. Hind femora and tibia with a pair of rows of 4–6 extra-long spines. Antenodal veins 15–19 in forewing, 11–14 in hind wing; postnodal veins 11–16 in forewing, 12–15 in hind wing. Abdomen almost uniformly cylindrical, without conspicuous expansion in distal segments, S 1–7 with clearer and broader ventrolateral markings, almost continuous throughout, only interrupted at anterior 1 / 3 and posterior margin on each of S 3–7. S 8 wholly black. Cerci about same length as S 10, basally thick, then distal third constricted and ended in filament, bright yellow and slightly blackish laterally. Valvula vulvae (Fig. 10) slender and triangular, branched in distal part and each tip slightly turning laterad, reaching beyond middle of 9 th sternite. Measurements (mm). Holotype male: total length (TL) 56.5; abdomen (including anal appendages) (Abd) 42.3; hind wing (HW) 35. Paratype males: TL 53.5–57.5; Abd 38.5–39.5; Hw 32.5 –33.0. Paratype females: TL 48.5–54; Abd 35.5–40; Hw 32–33.5. Etymology. The species name, a noun in the genitive case, is dedicated to Mr. Takashi Yanagisawa, who discovered the holotype male and paratype specimens. Diagnosis. The characteristic morphology of the cerci (Figs. 5, 6) is the most obvious difference from the other species of this genus. The cerci are straight and disposed closely to each other along their inner margin; the outer branch is thick and pointed apically, arising from the middle of the cercus and projected in a horizontal plane posterio-obliquely. Among the other species, of which the male is known, none has such characteristics. The anal appendages of Anisogomphus forresti (Morton, 1928) from Yunnan have a similar morphology, but the outer branch is small and arises more distally on the cercus. In A. jinggangshanus Liu, 1991, from Jiangxi, P. R. China, A. wuzhishanus Chao, 1982, from Hainan and A. vulvaris Yousuf & Yunus, 1977, from Pakistan, only the female has been described (Liu, 1991; Zhao [= Chao], 1990; Yousuf & Yunus, 1977). The female of A. yanagisawai sp. nov. is differentiated from these species by the thoracic maculation and morphology of the valvula vulvae. In addition, Wilson (2005) recorded a female specimen of an unnamed Anisogomphus from Guangxi, China, which has similarities in thoracic maculation and shape of valvula vulvae to those in A. yanagisawai sp. nov., but differences in the yellow stripe on labrum, i.e. continuous in the former but separated in the latter. The true identity of the former will be revealed by the discovery of its male. Habitat. According to Mr Yanagisawa, these specimens were collected on paved roads (Fig. 11) beside a running stream (Fig. 12). The males were found to settle on leaves of roadside trees. By contrast, females were seen to fly swiftly over the road. One oviposited in a small stagnant part of the stream (Fig. 12), tapping the tip of her abdomen on the water repeatedly, flying in a circle. In the end, she flew off and did not perch nearby. They appeared from 09:00 to 14:00 hours only in sunny conditions. Unfortunately, mating behaviour was not observed. At the same time and location, Anotogaster gregoryi Fraser, 1924, and Macromia moorei Selys, 1874, were also observed. Distribution. Chiang Mai Province, northern Thailand. Comments. The species of this genus are mostly characterized by the morphology of the male cercus. This new species also shows distinct features of the cercus, as noted in the diagnosis. Among congeners, the closely disposed straight cerci are also found in A. forresti and Himalayan A. occipitalis (Selys, 1854), so this may indicate that they share a phylogenetic affinity, though the structure of the branch of the cercus is unique in each species. This new species is the second member of the genus Anisogomphus from Thailand, following A. pinratani, and both are the southernmost known members of this genus. This being the case, Doi Inthanon can be regarded as a region of special interest as the southernmost outpost of an East Asian fauna. Curiously, earlier some researchers had obtained only female specimens, and also in this time, females were observed much more frequently than males. The activity patterns of the male may be investigated by future field work.Published as part of Sasamoto, Akihiko, 2015, Anigosomphus yanagisawai sp. nov., a new gomphid dragonfly from northern Thailand (Odonata: Anisoptera: Gomphidae), pp. 421-426 in Zootaxa 3904 (3) on pages 421-425, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3904.3.8, http://zenodo.org/record/23186

Anigosomphus yanagisawai sp. nov., a new gomphid dragonfly from northern Thailand (Odonata: Anisoptera: Gomphidae)

Sasamoto, Akihiko (2015): Anigosomphus yanagisawai sp. nov., a new gomphid dragonfly from northern Thailand (Odonata: Anisoptera: Gomphidae). Zootaxa 3904 (3): 421-426, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3904.3.

統合失調症では皮質菲薄化と白質統合性低下が全脳で関連する

京都大学0048新制・課程博士博士(医学)甲第18167号医博第3887号新制||医||1003(附属図書館)31025京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻(主査)教授 髙橋 良輔, 教授 金子 武嗣, 教授 富樫 かおり学位規則第4条第1項該当Doctor of Medical ScienceKyoto UniversityDFA

Description of a new species of Cephalaeschna (Odonata: Anisoptera: Aeshnidae) from northern Vietnam

Sasamoto, Akihiko, Lien, Vu Van (2018): Description of a new species of Cephalaeschna (Odonata: Anisoptera: Aeshnidae) from northern Vietnam. Zootaxa 4471 (2): 334-340, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4471.2.

Description of two new species of the genus Devadatta from northern Vietnam and central Laos (Odonata: Devadattidae)

Phan, Quoc Toan, Sasamoto, Akihiko, Hayashi, Fumio (2015): Description of two new species of the genus Devadatta from northern Vietnam and central Laos (Odonata: Devadattidae). Zootaxa 3941 (3): 414-420, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3941.3.

FIGURE 4 in Description of two new species of the genus Devadatta from northern Vietnam and central Laos (Odonata: Devadattidae)

FIGURE 4. Male penile organs of Devadatta kompieri (A), D. yokoii (B), and D. ducatrix (C, rearranged from Lieftinck 1969, p. 207, Fig. 2) in lateral and ventral views

Fiber tract associated with autistic traits in healthy adults.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with impairment of social communication and restricted and repetitive behaviors. Reduced fractional anisotropy (FA), a measure of white matter integrity, in the posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS) is related to ASD. However, there are several major fibers in pSTS, and it is unknown which of them is associated with ASD. We investigated FA in correlation with autistic traits assessed by autism spectrum quotient (AQ) in 91 healthy adults using tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS). Then, of the fibers in pSTS, we identified the one in which FA was linked to the AQ score using tractography. TBSS revealed that AQ was correlated with FA of white matter in several regions such as the frontal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe and temporal lobe including pSTS. With further analysis using tractography, we confirmed that FA alteration in pSTS was located on the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (IFOF). IFOF has a critical role in processing socio-emotional information. Our findings suggest that of the fibers in pSTS, IFOF is a key fiber that links to autistic traits in healthy adults

Alexithymia and reduced white matter integrity in schizophrenia: A diffusion tensor imaging study on impaired emotional self-awareness.

Alexithymia is characterized by deficits in emotional self-awareness. A number of previous studies have revealed impaired emotional self-awareness in schizophrenia. Although the pathology of schizophrenia is thought to involve disrupted white matter integrity, its relationship with alexithymia remains unclear. The present study investigated associations between alexithymia and white matter integrity, to seek the neural basis of impaired emotional self-awareness in schizophrenia. Forty-four patients with schizophrenia and 44 age-, gender- and predicted IQ level-matched healthy controls underwent diffusion-weighted imaging. Alexithymia was assessed using the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20). We applied tract-based spatial statistics to investigate the correlation between the TAS-20 total score and white matter fractional anisotropy (FA). TAS-20 scores were significantly higher in patients than in controls. In the patient group only, FA was negatively correlated with the TAS-20 total score in the corpus callosum, mostly the left part of the superior and inferior longitudinal fasciculi, the inferior occipito-frontal fasciculus, the anterior and posterior thalamic radiation, and the precuneus white matter. These results suggest that schizophrenia is associated with alexithymia, and that reduced white matter integrity within these regions constitutes an important pathology underlying impaired self-emotional awareness in schizophrenia

Global association between cortical thinning and white matter integrity reduction in schizophrenia.

Previous neuroimaging studies have revealed that both gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) are altered in several morphological aspects in schizophrenia patients. Although several studies reported associations between GM and WM alterations in restricted regions, the existence of a global association between GM and WM pathologies is unknown. Considering the wide distribution of GM morphological changes and the profound genetic background of WM abnormalities, it would be natural to postulate a global association between pathologies of GM and WM in schizophrenia. In this investigation, we studied 35 schizophrenia patients and 35 healthy control subjects using T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and investigated the association between GM thickness and WM fractional anisotropy (FA) as a proxy of pathology in each tissue. To investigate cortical thickness, surface-based analysis was used. The mean cortical thickness for the whole brain was computed for each hemisphere, and group comparisons were performed. For DTI data, mean FA for the whole brain was calculated, and group comparisons were performed. Subsequently, the correlation between mean cortical thickness and mean FA was investigated. Results showed that the mean cortical thickness was significantly thinner, and the mean FA was significantly lower in schizophrenia patients. Only in the patient group the mean cortical thickness and mean FA showed significant positive correlations in both hemispheres. This correlation remained significant even after controlling for demographic and clinical variables. Thus, our results indicate that the GM and WM pathologies of schizophrenia are intertwined at the global level

Insular gray matter volume and objective quality of life in schizophrenia

Improving quality of life has been recognized as an important outcome for schizophrenia treatment, although the fundamental determinants are not well understood. In this study, we investigated the association between brain structural abnormalities and objective quality of life in schizophrenia patients. Thirty-three schizophrenia patients and 42 age-, sex-, and education-matched healthy participants underwent magnetic resonance imaging. The Quality of Life Scale was used to measure objective quality of life in schizophrenia patients. Voxel-based morphometry was performed to identify regional brain alterations that correlate with Quality of Life Scale score in the patient group. Schizophrenia patients showed gray matter reductions in the frontal, temporal, limbic, and subcortical regions. We then performed voxel-based multiple regression analysis in these regions to identify any correlations between regional gray matter volume and Quality of Life Scale scores. We found that among four subcategories of the scale, the Instrumental Role category score correlated with gray matter volume in the right anterior insula in schizophrenia patients. In addition, this correlation was shown to be mediated by negative symptoms. Our findings suggest that the neural basis of objective quality of life might differ topographically from that of subjective QOL in schizophrenia