Crystallite Size Effect on Lattice Strain and Crystal Structure of Ba1/4Sr3/4MnO3 Layered Perovskite Manganite

The single phase polycrystalline Ba1/4Sr3/4MnO3 layered perovskite manganite has been synthesized by combustion method having various crystallite sizes. The room temperature X-ray diffraction patterns reveal that Ba1/4Sr3/4MnO3 crystallizes into hexagonal crystal structure with space group P63/mmc as confirmed by Rietveld refinement. The scanning electron micrographs of Ba1/4Sr3/4MnO3 reveal uniform crystallite size of the samples. Effect of crystallite size on lattice strain and crystal structure has been studied using Rietveld refinement and Williamson-Hall plot, respectively. The structural lattice parameters decrease with increasing crystallite size. However, lattice strain increases with increasing crystallite-size

X-ray Diffraction Analysis of Cu2+ Doped Zn1-xCuxFe2O4 Spinel Nanoparticles using Williamson-Hall Plot Method

The nanoparticles (NPs) of Zn1-xCuxFe2O4 (ZCFO) spinels with x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 were synthesized by a sol-gel combustion method using acetate precursor. The NPs of ZCFO were prepared by following calcination process at 600C for 8hrs. The synthesized NPs of ZCFO were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis using Rietveld refinement. The Rietveld refinement of the XRD patterns revealed that the ZCFO spinels crystallize into single diamond cubic structure with Fd-3m space group. The lattice constant and unit cell volume for ZCFO NPs shrink with enhancing doping concentration of Cu2+ ion. The crystalline growth in the NPs of ZCFO was examined by peak broadening present in the XRD pattern. The Williamson-Hall (W-H) plot method were used to study the individual involvements of crystallite sizes and lattice strain on the peak broadening of the NPs of ZCFO spinels. Whereas, particle size of the ZCFO sample with x = 0.40 was estimated by high-resolution scanning electron microscopy micrograph

Investigations on sensing properties of tapered photonic crystal fiber refractive index sensor

In present study a multi-mode fiber (MMF) stubbed tapered photonic crystal fiber (PCF) has been fabricated for refractive index and temperature sensing. The sensing probe has been formed by stubbing MMF and tapered PCF with varying tapering length, between two standard single-mode fibers (SMF). It has been observed from the experiment that the tapering of PCF and its tapering length affect the sensitivity of proposed sensor. Maximum sensitivity of 1891 µW/RIU and 900 µW/RIU has been achieved for single and dual point tapered PCF, respectively and a good linear response for high refractive indices has been obtained by measuring the optical output powers. The fabricated sensor has also been characterized for temperature sensing. The temperature sensitivity of 30 nW/°C and 19 nW/°C has also been measured from both single and dual point tapered PCF, respectively, for the temperature variation from 30 °C to 80 °C at the interval of 5 °C

CONCEPTUAL STUDY OF ADIPOSOPATHY WITH REFERENCE OF LANGHAN UPAKRAMA FOR HEALTHY LIFE

Lifestyle in modern era delivers a lot of stress and due to extreme use of Guru (heavy), Madhura (sweet), Snigdha (oily), Shita (cold) Ahar and Vihar like Alashya (stationary), Adhyasana (taking another food before undigested food), Vishamashan (different timing of food) etc, people get suffer with a disease like excessive body fat or sick fat or adiposopathy. Adiposopathy leads to several metabolic diseases. Langhana upakrama (fasting) will be an effective treatment in adiposopathy. Several studies by researchers, assembled to check anatomical and pathophysiological abnormalities of adiposopathy and review of different aspects of Langhana upakrama in Samhita in perspective of metabolic disorders especially due to adiposopathy. Data study shows that on positive energy intake, accumulated subcutaneous adipose tissue, visceral adipose tissue and other fat depots can be pathogenic. This pathogenic adipose tissue causes many metabolic diseases like obesity, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, hypothyroidism, liver diseases etc. By the studies of different Samhita we can articulate that Langhana upakrama is able to bring lightness and thinness to body. Finally we can conclude that by the Langhana upakrama body uses all types of sick fat from all fat depots and it can reverse the process of adiposopathy and body becomes healthy

Structure and the location of the morphotropic phase boundary region in (1-x)[Pb(Mg<SUB>1/3</SUB>Nb<SUB>2/3</SUB>)O<SUB>3</SUB>]-xPbTiO<SUB>3</SUB>

The structure of (1-x)-xPbTiO3 is tetragonal and rhombohedral for x &#8805; 0.35 and x &#8804; 0.30, respectively. The intrinsic width of the morphotropic phase boundary region (0.30 &lt; x &lt; 0.35) is an order of magnitude smaller than hitherto believed. The structure of the morphotropic phase for x = 0.34 is shown to be monoclinic with space group Pm and not a mixture of rhombohedral and tetragonal phases