ANALISIS SPASIAL TINGKAT SEBARAN PERAMBAHAN KAWASAN HUTAN PENDIDIKAN UNIVERSITAS TADULAKO

High population growth has become an important factor in the utilization of forest and land resources. Along with the increase in population growth, the fulfillment of life necessities is also increasing, this condition has directly or indirectly been a causal factor and a trigger factor for pressure on forest and land resources. Identification of encroachment area distribution is needed to formulate strategies for handling and preventing encroachment, so that prevention and monitoring activities can run more effectively and efficiently. Educational forest is an educational facility that aims to support and improve quality. Very important information is needed in the context of educational forest management. Based on data from the Environmental Agency of Donggala Regency (2013), the forest area in Donggala Regency is 284,101 Ha. However, the area of forest cover continues to decline. This is partly due to the activities of rural communities around the forest, especially in the Tadulako University Education Forest area. The method used in this study is the scoring and overlay using ArcGis 10.0 software, as well as the field survey method to obtain coordinates. Based on the results of research conducted in the Tadulako University Forest Education area, it is known that most areas in educational forest areas tend to be prone to encroachment activities. The results of the analysis showed that the area included in the category of high hazard vulnerability was 433.08 ha or 23.88%, medium encroachment level was 839.56 ha or 46.30%, and the vulnerability level low  was 540.59 ha or 29.81%.Keywords : Encroachment, Educational Forest, Scoring, Overlays, Encroachment distribution ma

CADANGAN KARBON TANAH PADA BERBAGAI TINGKAT KERAPATAN TAJUK DI HUTAN LINDUNG KEBUN KOPI DESA NUPABOMBA KECAMATAN TANANTOVEA KABUPATEN DONGGALA

One of the preserve forest in Central Sulawesi is a preserve forest kebun kopi located in the Nupabomba Village, Tanantovea, Donggala District with area 1591,1 ha. This study aims to estimate soil carbon stocks at different levels of canopy density in the preserve forest, Kebun Kopi, Nupabomba Village, Tanantovea, Donggala District using satellite imagery and Geographic Information System (GIS). The method used NDVI analysis serves to determine the level of canopy density. Determination of sample plots is done intentionally based on the image that represents the level of canopy density with size of each land type: 20 m x 100 m. in determination of organic carbon content, the method used is the method of Walkley and Black. Result from this study showed total soil carbon are stored at various levels in the preserve forest canopy density Kebun Kopi in Nupabomba Village is 103.047,26 tons. In the area areas with sparse canopy, found soil carbon stocks are 27,12 tons/ha with the area of 196,7 ha and soil carbon number reached 5334,50 tons. In the area with sparse canopy found reserve of soil carbon contained 69,25 tons/ha with the area of 755,2 ha, soil carbon reaches 52.297,6 tons. Whereas the tight canopy area found reserve of soil carbon contained 71,05 tons/ha with the area of 639,2 ha and soil carbon number reached 45.415,16 tons.Key words: soil carbon, NDVI, Preserve Forest Kebun Kop

Identifikasi Lahan Gambut Menggunakan Citra Satelit Landsat 8 Oli Tirs Berbasis Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG) Studi Kasus Pulau Tebing Tinggi

This paper presents the application of satellite remote sensing techniques to detect and identify peatland cover types in Riau Province, Indonesia. Mapping the spatial distribution of organic soils is important for decision making in land management and mitigation of peatland forest fires. Organic soil types have a strong effect on carbon storage, water availability and quality, biodiversity and many other ecosystem services. This study uses GIS software and Landsat-8 satellite data to identify the type of peat land cover in Tebing Tinggi island. This area were picked up as pilot project areas for this research, because these areas historically had many fire spots on last few years. The results show how this approach can be used to land cover classification and for predicting mineral and organic soils in locations within the map unit quickly and cost-effectively. The identification of Peatland was done using composites of band ratios and single band variables. The best composite band ratio that can be used is a 7-5-3 band combination. This combination consists of band 7 (Shortwave Infrared 2), band 5 (Near Infrared) and band 3 (Green). This combination is selected because it can classify land cover of peatland into 5 classes, there are primary peat swamp forest, disturbed / regrowth peat swamp forest, agriculture mosaic, burn scars or urban areas, missing data or water. The result of data processing of Landsat 8 Satellite image shows that 95% of Tebing Tinggi island area is composed of peatland. Based on the results of data processing Citra Landsat 8 can be seen some areas of Tebing Tinggi islands indicate red color means the area of burn scars or burn earth. The result of fire point processing shows the largest number of hotspots existed throughout the year 2014 with the number of fire points as much as 1351 points. In the year 2013 with the number of hotspots as much as 110 points and the smallest occurred throughout the year 2015 with the number of points of fire as much as 79 points. The result map peatlands will be useful for land management and carbon storage decisions in the soil in an effort to prevent land and forest fires

Analisis Transformasi Kebudayaan pada Sistem Pertanian (Studi Kasus Desa Pematang Kabau Kecamatan Air Hitam Kabupaten Sarolangun)

Penelitian ini mengkaji tentang transformasi kebudayaan dalam sistem pertanian di Desa Pematang Kabau, Kecamatan Air Hitam, Kabupaten Sarolangun.Adapun tujuan penelitian yaitu untuk mengetahui proses-proses Perubahan kebudayaan dalam sistem pertanian terkait dengan Perubahan unsur-unsur kebudayaan dari sistem ladang, ke sistem ladang dan kebun kemudian sistem sawah dan kebun. Adapun proses Perubahan kebudayaan yang dilihat meliputi proses difusi, proses akulturasi, dan proses asimilasi serta unsur-unsur kebudayaan meliputi sistem peralatan hidup (teknologi), sistem pengetahuan, sistem kemasyarakatan dan sistem religi. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada tanggal 25 November 2012 sampai dengan 25 Desember 2012 di Desa Pematang Kabau, Kecamatan Air Hitam, Kabupaten Sarolangun.Penentuan lokasi penelitian dilakukan secara sengaja (Purpossive).Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari data primer dan data sekunder.Untuk mendapatkan data yang lebih mendalam dilakukan wawancara mendalam (In-depht interview) serta observasi.Untuk mengetahui transformasi kebudayaan dalam sistem pertanian didaerah penelitian dianalisis secara reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan/verifikasi. Berdasarkan metode yang digunakan, hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa terjadinya transformasi kebudayaan dalam sistem pertanian terkait proses Perubahan kebudayaan dari sistem ladang, ke sistem ladang dan kebun, serta ke sistem sawah dan kebun. Proses Perubahan kebudayaan yang terjadi dapat dilihat dari proses difusi, akulturasi dan asimilasi. Penyebaran unsur-unsur kebudayaan dari sistem ladang, ke sistem ladang dan kebun serta sistem sawah dan kebun berupa perperangan dan perkawinan campuran, serta pertemuan unsur-unsur dari suatu kebudayaan yaitu transmigrasi, yang menyebabkan pertemuan-pertemuan antara kelompok-kelompok masyarakat lokal dengan masyarakat transmigrasi kemudian masyarakat transmigrasi saling berinteraksi secara intensif dan secara terus-menerus dengan masyarakat lokal sehingga unsur-unsur kebudayaan dapat diterima

ANALISIS SEBARAN TUTUPAN VEGETASI MENGGUNAKAN CITRA LANDSAT 8 DI KECAMATAN ULUJADI KOTA PALU

Ulujadi is one of sub-district in Palu city which continues opening new lands for residential areas as well as sand and stone quarry, consequently the distribution of existing vegetation to be reduced. Along with the continued occurrence, conversion of existing land in urban areas particularly in Ulujadi Sub-District. Therefore, it is necessary to do extensive research to analyze the extent of vegetation cover distribution. Distribution of vegetation analysis was carried out using a descriptive method of photogrammetry approachment was image interpretation that executed digitally to obtain data and information of vegetation cover distribution by utilizing Landsat 8 image directly on the computer monitor of software ArcGIS 10,2 supervised classification. Vegetation index is counted NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) by utilizing band 5 (Infrared) and band 4 (Red) of Landsat 8. The result of analysis of vegetation distribution used Landsat 8 image of 2016 path/row 115/61 at Ulujadi Sub-District of Palu City, obtained land which vegetated of width 5222,47 Ha or 82,04 % and unvegetated land 1143,28 Ha or 17,96 %. Vegetation distribution at Ulujadi that consists forest land, shrubs and savanna each has extensive are forest (1498,79 Ha or 23,54 %), shrubs ((3704,23 Ha or 58,19 %) and savanna (19,45 Ha or 0,31 %). NDVI value at Ulujadi has a value between -0,13 - 0,6. The NDVI value for sparse canopy density class has large-scale of 358,16 Ha (6,86 %), medium canopy density has large-scale 856,16 Ha (16,39 %), while the dense canopy density has large-scale 4.008,15 Ha (76,75 %).Keywords : Vegetation Distribution, Landsat 8 Image, Ulujadi Sub-Distric

Design and Implementation of Temperature Controller for a Vacuum Distiller

This paper proposed design and implementation of temperature controller for a vacuum distiller. The distiller is aimed to provide distillation process of bioethanol in nearly vacuum condition. Due to varying vacuum pressure, temperature have to be controlled by manipulating AC voltage to heating elements. Two arduino based control strategies have been implemented, PID control and Fuzzy Logic control. Control command from the controller was translated to AC drive using TRIAC based dimmer circuit. Experimental results show that fuzzy logic controllers have better performance in controlling temperature of vacuum distille

Metal-free, hydroacylation of C[double bond, length as m-dash]C and N[double bond, length as m-dash]N bonds via aerobic C-H activation of aldehydes, and reaction of the products thereof.

In this report, a thorough evaluation of the use of aerobically initiated, metal-free hydroacylation of various C[double bond, length as m-dash]C and N[double bond, length as m-dash]N acceptor molecules with a wide range of aldehydes is presented. The aerobic-activation conditions that have been developed are in sharp contrast to previous conditions for hydroacylation, which tend to use transition metals, peroxides that require thermal or photochemical degradation, or N-heterocyclic carbenes. The mildness of the conditions enables a number of reactions involving sensitive reaction partners and, perhaps most significantly, allows for α-functionalised chiral aldehydes to undergo radical-based hydroacylation with complete retention of optical purity. We also demonstrate how the resulting hydroacylation products can be transformed into other useful intermediates, such as γ-keto-sulfonamides, sultams, sultones, cyclic N-sulfonyl imines and amides

Acyl hydrazides as acyl donors for the synthesis of diaryl and aryl alkyl ketones.

In this communication we describe a novel strategy for the formation of valuable diaryl and aryl alkyl ketones from acyl hydrazides. A wide variety of ketones are prepared and the mild reaction conditions allow for the use of a range of functionalities, especially in the synthesis of diaryl ketones

Bromo- and thiomaleimides as a new class of thiol-mediated fluorescence 'turn-on' reagents.

Bromo- and thiomaleimides are shown to serve as highly effective quenchers of a covalently attached fluorophore. Reactions with thiols that lead to removal of the maleimide conjugation, or detachment of the fluorophore from the maleimide, result in 'turn-on' of the fluorescence. These reagents thus offer opportunities in thiol sensing and intracellular reporting

Data on Fundus Images for Vessels Segmentation, Detection of Hypertensive Retinopathy, Diabetic Retinopathy and Papilledema

We presents a dataset of 100 fundus digital images of retina. The retinal images are taken from Armed Forces Institute of Ophthalmology (AFIO), Rawalpindi, Pakistan and annotated with the help of four expert ophthalmologists for the purpose of computer aided diagnosis of hypertensive retinopaty, diabetic retinopathy and papilledema. This dataset contains retinal blood vessels network, segmented artery/ vein network to calculate Arteriovenous Ratio (AVR), annotation of Optic Nerve Head (ONH) and various retinal abnormalities such as hard exudates (HE) and cotton wool spots. The dataset is valuable for those researchers who are developing automated systems for vessels segmentation; artery/ vein classification; diagnosis of hypertensive retinopathy, diabetic retinopathy and papilledem