The regulatory mechanisms of NG2/CSPG4 expression

Neuron-glial antigen 2 (NG2), also known as chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan 4 (CSPG4), is a surface type I transmembrane core proteoglycan that is crucially involved in cell survival, migration and angiogenesis. NG2 is frequently used as a marker for the identification and characterization of certain cell types, but little is known about the mechanisms regulating its expression. In this review, we provide evidence that the regulation of NG2 expression underlies inflammation and hypoxia and is mediated by methyltransferases, transcription factors, including Sp1, paired box (Pax) 3 and Egr-1, and the microRNA miR129-2. These regulatory factors crucially determine NG2-mediated cellular processes such as glial scar formation in the central nervous system (CNS) or tumor growth and metastasis. Therefore, they are potential targets for the establishment of novel NG2-based therapeutic strategies in the treatment of CNS injuries, cancer and other conditions of these types

A study of malocclusion in identical twins

  Monozygotic twins are genetically identical individuals who can also be mirror image twins and the Differences between them result from environmental factors. current study, monozygotic twins were analyzed in different dentitions of primary, mixed and permanent. As a conclusion, although genetic factors are naturally potent, environmental factors’ role can be increased and weaken the genetic factors

Evaluation of Orthodontic Palatal Expansion in the Treatment of Nocturnal Enuresis

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effect of palatal expansion in the treatment of"nnocturnal enuresis. Enuresis still remains a problem experienced by children and the reason is unclear."nFinding a final solution is being sought by the medical profession."nNocturnal enuresis may lead to numerous physical and emotional problems. Currently available"ntreatment options showed satisfactory results in some cases."nA treatment sample of 6 boys and 4 girls who ranged in age from 6 to 9 years were selected."nResearch showed that with palatal expansion (4-7 mm), patients could breath through their nose rather"ntheir mouth; as a result, enuresis is reduced significantly