Physicochemical Analysis and Mineral Contents of Honey from Farmers in Western States of Nigeria

Honey samples were randomly collected from farmers in localities from Western States of Nigeria. Physicochemical and minerals were analyzed in the samples. Average mean pH was 3.34, moisture (16.6%), ash (0.46), ascorbic acid (2.61 mg/100g), citric acid (10.67%), lactic acid (121.71%), riboflavin (0.002 mg/100g), sugar content (65.78%), refractive index (1.49) and relative density (1.41 g/cm3) were obtained from the proximate analysis. Average mean values of mineral contents in honey samples were Fe (3.80 mg/kg), Mn (1.47 mg/kg), Zn (1.82 mg/kg), P (29.64 mg/kg), Ca (55.93 mg/kg), Al (2.34 mg/kg), Cu (0.94 mg/kg), K (481.30 mg/kg), Mg (25.57 mg/kg) and Na (25.42 mg/kg). Keywords: Chemical, honeys, minerals, farmers, Nigeri

Inhibitory effect and preliminary phytochemicalscreening of some ornamental plants against somebacteria pathogens

Background: Bacterial resistance to the drugs known for their treatment is on the increase, thereforesuggesting the need to search for dependable natural products as alternative for cure and prevention.Efforts in this regard have focused on plants because of their use historically and the large portionsof the world’s population relying on plants for the treatment of infectious and non-infectious diseases.Methods: Some ornamental plants’ extracts in compares with commercial antibiotics were testedin vitro on Salmonella typhi, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcusepidermidisfor medicinal values. Quantitative and qualitative phytochemicals; free radicalscavenging capacity, ferric reducing antioxidant property and hydroxyl radical scavenging of theplants’ extracts were determined by chemical methods.Results: Varied degrees of inhibition and in some cases resistance were observed with the extractson the four bacteria species. However, highest inhibition of 30.33±0.35 mm was recorded on Salmonella typhimurium, followed by S. epidermidis with zone of 30.00±0.00 mm both withH. crepitans extract. Cotrimozazole most inhibited Salmonella typhimurium with a zone of 29 mm and followed by ofloxacin with a zone of 27.33 mm on S. epidermidis. MIC activity of the extract wasbetween 12.5 – 50 mg/ml and MBC activity from 25 – 100 mg/ml.Conclusions: Valuableantibacterial effect of the plants’ extracts correlating with the phytochemicalsand antioxidants potentials, suggest the plants acceptability for folklore and could be of universalrecognition for handling diseases that plaque around us mostly in some urban and rural communitieswhere modern medicine are not affordable and accessible by the poo

Phytochemical analysis and antibacterial activities of some plant extracts on Staphylococcus aureus isolates from patients receiving hospital treatments in Ekiti State, Nigeria

Introduction: Resistance of Staphylococcus aureus to available antibiotics is in alarming rate to put this into control with the use of natural products of plant derivatives. The aim of this research is centered on comparative study of plant extracts and antibiotics on S. aureus isolates from hospital patients. Methods: A total of 106 human clinical samples were collected and analyzed for S. aureus isolates from urine, noses, ears and wounds of patients. The isolated S. aureus species were subjected to inhibition with plant extracts in comparison with commercial antibiotics. Twenty S. aureus isolates from the subjects’ samples were analyzed for multidrug resistance to antibiotics and plant leaves aqueous extracts. Out of these isolates, 9 were obtained from urine, 3 from noses, and 4 each from ears and wounds samples. These isolates were identified with code numbers Results: The highest inhibition created on the isolates with modern medicine was between 11 and 35 mm while for traditional medicine inhibition of the isolates was between 11 and 36 mm. Alkaloids and saponins were more than others in the plants extracts where value of alkaloids was between 2.42 and 3.63 and saponins between 2.60 and 3.27. Conclusion: The plants extract inhibition was comparable to the antibacterial potency of commercial antibiotics on the tested bacteria species. The antibacterial activities observed from Terminalia catappa, Mangifera indica and Acalypha wilkesiana are probably due to several bioactive compounds contained in the plants and may serve as templates alternative medicine to treat infections caused by S. aureus

Bakteriurija među učenicima osnovnih i srednjih škola u Akuri, država Ondo, Nigerija

Bacteriuria in urinary tract infection is severe and associated with considerable morbidity if left untreated. Therefore, the aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of bacteriuria among primary and secondary school pupils in Akure North Local Government Area. The study included subjects from the highly populated schools in this local government area. The samples analyzed were exclusively collected from volunteer pupils whose age and sex were documented by the questionnaire distributed to them. Urine samples were collected randomly under aseptic conditions from 250 pupils aged 5-20 attending primary and secondary schools. Urine samples were subjected to microbiological analysis by culturing 1 mL each on nutrient agar, mannitol salt agar, cystine lactose electrolyte deficient agar, plate count agar and chocolate agar for possible isolation of any bacteria. Bacterial colonies were enumerated and identified to the species level. Analytical indices revealed bacteriuria to be more common in female (41.2%) than male (3.2%) subjects. The highest bacterial count in female urine samples was 281x103 against 149x103 in male samples. A higher infection rate was recorded in secondary school pupils aged 11-20. Escherichia coli predominated among isolated bacteria species with 48.8%. Laboratory results confirmed urinary tract infection in some of the study pupils. As only volunteer pupils submitted their samples for analysis, this small population was represented in the study, predominated by female subjects. None of the pupils showed signs of infection, therefore routine laboratory checkup is important among children in order to limit damage to some of their vital tissues.Bakteriurija kod infekcije mokraćnog sustava je teška i udružena sa znatnim pobolom ako se ne liječi. Zato je cilj ove studije bio procijeniti učestalost bakteriurije među učenicima osnovnih i srednjih škola na području Akure North Local Government Area, Nigerija. U studiju su uključeni učenici vrlo napučenih škola u ovom području. Analizirani uzorci mokraće prikupljeni su isključivo od učenika dobrovoljaca čija su dob i spol dokumentirani podijeljenim anketnim upitnikom. Uzorci mokraće prikupljeni su nasumce pod aseptičnim uvjetima od 250 učenika u dobi od 5-20 godina, polaznika osnovnih i srednjih škola. Za mikrobiološku analizu je 1 mL svakog uzorka kultiviran na hranjivoj podlozi, slanoj hranjivoj podlozi s manitolom, hranjivoj podlozi sa cistinom i laktozom bez elektrolita (CLED agar), hranjivoj podlozi za brojenje kolonija (plate count agar) i čokoladnoj hranjivoj podlozi za moguću izolaciju bakterija. Izbrojene su kolonije bakterija i identificirane na razini vrste. Rezultati su pokazali da je bakteriurija češća među ženskim osobama u usporedbi s muškim osobama (41,2% prema 3,2%). Najviši broj bakterija u ženskim uzorcima mokraće bio je 281x103 prema 149x103 u muškim uzorcima. Viša stopa infekcije zabilježena je među polaznicima srednjih škola u dobi od 11-20 godina. Među izoliranim bakterijama prevladavala je Escherichia coli s 48,8%. Laboratorijski rezultati potvrdili su infekciju mokraćnog sustava u nekih učenika. Kako su uzorci za analizu prikupljeni na dobrovoljnoj osnovi, u ovoj maloj studijskoj populaciji prevladavale su ženske osobe. Nijedan učenik nije pokazivao znakove infekcije, stoga je važno rutinski provoditi laboratorijsko testiranje među djecom kako bi se ograničilo oštećenje nekih vitalnih tkiva

Antioxidant, physicochemical and mineral evaluations of Spondias mombin crude fruit juice

Edible fruits have potential health benefits regarding their richness in minerals, nutrients, vitamins and antioxidant. In view of the medicinal potential of the leaves and stem bark extracts of Spondias mombin, this study aimed to determine the antioxidant, physicochemical and mineral contents of the crude fruit juice of S. mombin for its employment in health promotion and traditional use for medicine. Free radical scavenging power of 93.97 ± 64.8 μmol (TE) and Ferric reducing power (FRAP) of 11.8 ± 0.2 μmol (AAE) were observed in vitro from the crude fruit juice. The physicochemical property of the crude fruit juice yielded proximate compositions of protein (6.03 ± 0.44), fat (1.85 ± 0.03), pH (3.63 ± 0.11), fibre (0.64 ± 0.02), moisture (80.60 ± 0.22%), ash (0.54 ± 0.03), carbohydrate (11.61 ± 0.34) and titratable acidity (28.52 ± 0.14). Trace elements from the crude fruit juice are in the amounts of 276.27 ± 2.65 for potassium, 1.15±0.01 (manganese), 0.121 ± 0.32 (copper), 4.45 ± 1.42 (sodium), 136.42 ± 1.35 (zinc), 12.36 ± 0.03 (magnesium), 0.01 ± 0.00 (lead), 28.22 ± 1.02 (phosphorus), 13.04 ± 0.53 (calcium) and 0.48 ± 0.01 (iron)

Some antidiabetic medicinal plants used by traditional healers in Ado Ekiti, Nigeria

OBJECTIVES: The work described plants collection, preparation and administration for diabetes cure in Ado Ekiti in Nigeria. METHODS: Twenty three plant samples were identified for the use in the treatment of diabetes by the herbalists. The plants that are common among the healers are Anthocleista djalonensis, Vernonia amygdalina, Ocimum gratissimum, Momordica charantia. RESULTS: The most preferred method of preparation by the healers is concoction and decoction of fresh leaves, stem bark and roots. However, for emergency sake, some healers dried these plant parts, ground to smooth powder and packaged in brown bottles or in nylon which are either sold or given to people, but must be soaked in cold or warm water before use. CONCLUSION: The use of medicinal plants in healing diabetes is a common practice by traditional healers in Ado Ekiti and never treat their patients in conjunction with modern medicines (Ref. 4). Text in PDF www.elis.sk

Antioxidant, physicochemical and mineral evaluations of Spondias mombincrude fruit juice

Edible fruits have potential health benefits regarding their richness in minerals, nutrients, vitamins and antioxidant. In view of the medicinal potential of the leaves and stem bark extracts of Spondias mombin, this study aimed to determine the antioxidant, physicochemical and mineral contents of the crude fruit juice of S. mombinfor its employment in health promotion and traditional use for medicine. Free radical scavenging power of 93.97 ± 64.8 µmol (TE) and Ferric reducing power (FRAP) of 11.8 ± 0.2 µmol (AAE) were observed in vitrofrom the crude fruit juice. The physicochemical property of the crude fruit juice yielded proximate compositions of protein (6.03 ± 0.44), fat (1.85 ± 0.03), pH (3.63 ± 0.11), fibre (0.64 ± 0.02), moisture (80.60 ± 0.22%), ash (0.54 ± 0.03), carbohydrate (11.61 ± 0.34) and titratable acidity (28.52 ± 0.14). Trace elements from the crude fruit juice are in the amounts of 276.27 ± 2.65 for potassium, 1.15±0.01 (manganese), 0.121 ± 0.32 (copper), 4.45 ± 1.42 (sodium), 136.42 ± 1.35 (zinc), 12.36 ± 0.03 (magnesium), 0.01 ± 0.00 (lead), 28.22 ± 1.02 (phosphorus), 13.04 ± 0.53 (calcium) and 0.48 ± 0.01 (iron)

Phytochemical s creening and a ntibacterial a ctivities of Tectona grandis L. f. (Teak) l eaves on m icroorganisms i solated from d ecayed f ood s amples

Bacteria were isolated from decayed food samples (tomatoes, cooked beans and rice) collected from Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti (ABUAD) cafeteria and characterized. Some of these isolated microorganisms could pose serious har m to humans including animals and they are normally treated with commercial antibiotics. However, the majority of bacteria are resistant to many antibiotics therefore, the use of plant extracts with therapeutic potential against resistant bacteria is neces sary. In this investigation, eight bacteria were isolated from decayed food samples. The bacterial isolates were identified as Bacillus cereus and B. siamensis from rice sample; Klebsiella oxytoxa , Salimicrobium halophilium and Norcardia brasiliensis from beans sample; Bacillus subtilis , Enterobacter taylore , and Brevibacillus agri from tomatoes. The leaf samples of Tectona grandis were screened qualitatively and quantitatively for the phytochemicals while the crude methanol and chloroform extracts were used as antimicrobial agents against the isolated microorganisms. Alkaloids, carotenoids and tannins were present in large amount. T he bacterial isolates were more susceptible to commercial antibiotics than that of methanol extracts of T. grandis . The methanol extracts of T. grandis have a higher antimicrobial activity than the chloroform ext ract

In vitro Anticancer Screening of 24 Locally Used Nigerian Medicinal Plants

Background: Plants that are used as traditional medicine represent a relevant pool for selecting plant candidates that may have anticancer properties. In this study, the ethnomedicinal approach was used to select several medicinal plants native to Nigeria, on the basis of their local or traditional uses. The collected plants were then evaluated for cytoxicity. Methods: The antitumor activity of methanolic extracts obtained from 24 of the selected plants, were evaluated in vitro on five human cancer cell lines. Results: Results obtained from the plants screened indicate that 18 plant extracts of folk medicine exhibited promising cytotoxic activity against human carcinoma cell lines. Erythrophleum suaveolens (Guill. & Perr.) Brenan was found to demonstrate potent anti-cancer activity in this study exhibiting IC50 = 0.2-1.3 $\mu$g/ml. Conclusions: Based on the significantly potent activity of some plants extracts reported here, further studies aimed at mechanism elucidation and bio-guided isolation of active anticancer compounds is currently underway.Chemistry and Chemical Biolog