Incorporating United Nations 2030 Sustainable Future Agenda into the Architectural Studio: A Graduation Studio Case

United Nations (UN) released the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development in 2015. This agenda has received attention from various disciplines and sectors globally; partnerships from private and public sectors were formed to play a role in this challenging ambitious plan. However, architectural education and professional organisations in Turkey have not been strongly engaged with the agenda in particular. To meet this gap and create synergy, this paper aims at presenting pedagogical paths followed in a graduation studio, integrating the studio outcomes with UN 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which have not been widely covered either in nationwide architectural education or professional policies. In addition, the paper focuses on how the SDG action plan is echoed in higher education as well as in the discipline of architecture in Turkey. The paper is a case study in architectural education of which the motivation is to create awareness about UN SDGs among the students; to give insights and demonstrate a realistic design policy to achieve development targets. The pedagogical path presented here is original and aims to fulfill an interlude in the literature, which is still emerging. The case presentation includes the process and the results with a sufficient number of student projects as outcomes of the studio

Kinetic Architecture and BIM Integration: A case study on a Bricard linkage canopy system

This paper presents a case study focusing on BIM integration to kinetic structure design based on an extended kinetic BIM (KBIM) ontology through a Bricard linkage canopy system. With the parametric abstraction of structural system components and kinematic behaviors, the design process was carried out in a BIM environment using KBIM models and objects. The study results show the effectiveness of the proposed KBIMframework for the synthesis and assessment of design alternatives according to total system performance, architectonic composition, and environmental responsiveness

Weight and Material Optimization of Scissor-hinge Linkages According to Given Span Length

Scissor-hinge linkages are one type of deployable structures which are mostly used in architectural and engineering applications due to their transformation capabilities and the advantages of ease of erection and dismantling. For hundreds of years, these linkages have been used in wide range of applications such as deployable roof structures, bridges, shells, pavilions, emergency shelters, furniture design and satellite equipment. Scissor-hinge linkages have different primary units depending on the geometry of the bars and the location of the pivot point, which are called as polar, translational, and angulated. Geometry and dimensions of these primary elements directly affect the geometry and the weight of the whole structure. This study aims to investigate the relationship between the span length, geometry of the primary units, cross section of the bars and the material of the scissor-hinge linkages by means of genetic algorithms. In detail, a structural and geometric optimization is made in order to obtain the lightest geometric configuration for the given span lengths while keeping the structural strength and stability by altering typology, dimensions, number of the primary units and material parameters. To achieve that a multi-objective genetic algorithm based optimization approach is utilized. Generative model is created in Grasshopper (R) parametric design software. The structural performances of the generated solutions are evaluated with the help of Karamba3D that is a parametric structural tool for Grasshopper. Optimization of the problem is performed via multi objective genetic optimization plug-in named Octopus. (C) 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V

Tectonics of kinetic architecture: Moving envelope, changing space and the shades of the shed

Buildings in our day are no more frozen pieces of music as ascribed by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. They can move, rotate, flip and perform various physical gestures. This paper aims to explore the spatial, aesthetical, and technical characteristics of kinetic buildings within the framework of the theory of tectonics, which is still far away from covering the art form of movement. The study has been organized into two phases. The first phase sets up the theoretical framework of the topic by exploring the main dichotomy of the tectonic discourse on "ontological and representational parts of the building " and introduces the main concepts of kinetic architecture related to the characterization of architectural space. The second phase is a case study on The Shed as also known as Culture Shed in Hudson Yards in New York City. This part focuses on the interrelations between tectonics and the physical movement of architectural elements. The results indicate that the type of movement and the role of moving elements change not only the architectural space but also the tectonic character of the building. While some movements and moving parts are directly related to the representational aspects, some change the ontological character of the building. The impact of the movement on the tectonic character is a topic that hasn't been well investigated yet and has the potential to be developed through further research. As a result, the theoretical findings of this study can contribute to tectonic thinking during the design process of kinetic architectural products

A guide for a guide: using UIA publications for an SDG-focused studio

PurposeThis paper aims to present a data mapping analysis that can be used for aligning the studio course with the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by teaching professionals.Design/methodology/approachThe UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), released in 2015, has received global attention from various disciplines and sectors. Professional organizations in architecture have accelerated the engagement between their members and SDGs. This paper analyzes the two volumes of the Architecture Guide to the UN 17 Sustainable Development Goals prepared by the efforts of professional organizations or consortiums and published by the UIA between 2018 and 2020. The buildings presented as best practices in these guidebooks were analyzed to demonstrate various ways of capturing the SDGs in the architectural studio when designing the course content, process and teaching materials.FindingsThe analysis presents the kinship among the SDGs and architectural concepts, which are retrieved from the sample buildings in the guidebooks. The findings also refer to the targets for each goal to generate an easily applicable pedagogical path in architectural education. The results are presented as a model approach for SDG-focused studio teaching.Originality/valueAn in-depth review of the literature reveals the need for research based on SDG-focused pedagogies and the UN Architecture Guide

Geometric Design of Planar Scissor Linkages with Hybrid Loop Assemblies

Due to their expansion capabilities and the simplicity of their design, scissor linkages have been used in both architecture and engineering for various applications, such as expandable roofs and shelters, movable bridges, furniture, and as parts of mechanisms. The two main design methods used for scissor linkages are the unit-based method and the loop-based method. While the unit-based method is based on serial multiplication of the scissor units, the loop-based method is based on aligning predefined loop types onto the desired curve. When the input parameter is the desired curvature for the finally deployed configuration of the linkage, the loop-based method is easier and more convenient for defining the scissor units to create the whole linkage geometry. Most of the existing studies on the loop-based method deal with identical or arbitrary loops. Hybrid loop assemblies have not yet been studied, although they may offer different geometric alternatives. This work aimed to fill this gap in the literature and present a geometric design approach for scissor linkages composed of hybrid loop assemblies using frieze patterns. First, the basic terminology, such as loop types, loop assemblies, and frieze patterns, is introduced. Then, we discuss scissor linkages using hybrid loops, generated using a predefined rectilinear geometry in which frieze groups are used to provide diverse variations. The kinematic definitions of the represented linkages are then explained. To reveal the potential applications of the scissor linkages composed of hybrid loops, a case study was conducted in which the proposed linkages were used as a canopy structure. After discussing the potential for using hybrid loops, and their deployment, we present the concluding remarks and make suggestions for future research. (C) 2022 American Society of Civil Engineers

A proposal for a convertible stadium roof structure derived from Watt-I linkage

In this paper, a novel convertible stadium roof structure is introduced, which has been derived from a special geometric configuration of Watt-I linkage, a 1-DoF mechanism used in robot technologies as anthropomorphic fingers. The proposed structure can offer a wide range of different shape configurations according to the environmental conditions and spatial needs, thus offering several aesthetic and functional advantages over existing solutions. This paper serves as a feasibility investigation of this concept, mainly from geometric and structural point of view. To that affect, first kinematic analysis and geometric design of this linkage are introduced. Then, structural analyses of the proposed structure with realistic dimensions and loading conditions are performed in three different geometric configurations, in order to discuss strength and stiffness limitations. Finally, potential cover materials and actuators are briefly discussed

A CRITICAL REVIEW ON CLASSIFICATION AND TERMINOLOGY OF SCISSOR STRUCTURES

When the existing literature on the research of scissor structures is thoroughly investigated, it is seen that different researchers use different terminologies and classifications especially for the definition of the primary units and the motion type. Some of the studies define the whole geometry based on the geometric properties of the primary scissor units and the unit lines while some other studies define it according to the loops. All these studies use different names for similar elements. This article aims to review the literature on the classification and terminology of scissor structures and represent the state of art on the studies. Tables are represented showing all approaches in the literature. In addition, the article criticizes the missing points of each terminology and definition, and proposes some new terminology. In order to arrive at this aim, different definitions of the primary scissor units and motion types used in key studies in the literature are investigated thoroughly. With several examples, it is demonstrated that naming the scissor units according to the resulting motion type might be misleading and it is better to specify the motion type for the whole structure. A classification for transformation of planar curves is presented

Loop based classification of planar scissor linkages

Scissor linkages have been used for several applications since ancient Greeks and Romans. In addition to simple scissor linkages with straight rods, linkages with angulated elements have been introduced in the last decades. In the related literature, two methods have been used to design scissor linkages, one of which is based on scissor elements, and the other is based on assembling loops. This study presents a systematic classification of scissor linkages as assemblies of rhombus, kite, dart, parallelogram and anti-parallelogram loops using frieze patterns and long-short diagonal connections. After the loops are replicated along a curve as a pattern, the linkages are obtained by selection of proper common link sections for adjacent loops. The resulting linkages are analyzed for their motions and they are classified as realizing scaling deployable, angular deployable or transformable motion. Some of the linkages obtained are novel. Totally 10 scalable deployable, 1 angular deployable and 8 transformable scissor linkages are listed. Designers in architecture and engineering can use this list of linkages as a library of scissor linkage topologies