出産後の乳汁中アミノ酸レベルに対する授乳行動因子に関する研究

取得学位 : 博士（医学）, 学位授与番号 : 医博乙第1322号, 学位授与年月日：平成6年10月19日,学位授与年：199

Mother\u27s feelings of distress and related factors resulting from the crying of her one-month-old infants

金沢大学医薬保健研究域　保健学

Mother\u27s feelings of distress and related factors resulting from the crying of her one-month-old infants

The purpose of this study was to clarify the nature of mother\u27s distress and its related factors resulting from the crying of her one-month-old infant. Subjects and Methods The subjects were mothers who delivered children in hospitals/maternity clinics in the Hokuriku district and who gave consent to our survey at the time of health examinations for one-month-old infants. The contents of the questionnaire were: characteristics of the infant\u27s crying, states of mother\u27s sleep, feeding and receiving support related to her distress about her infant and its associated factors. Scores were obtained using a 4-point Likert scale. Results Effective responses were obtained from 630 mothers, who consisted of 298 primiparas (47.3%) and 332 multiparas (52.7%). About 50% of the mothers experienced distress because they felt at a loss when their infant cried and when the infant did not stop crying even when being held or lulled. New mothers who had no experience with infants were more likely to indicate distress. The distress was significantly associated with factors such as the way the infant cried and if the infant failed to fall asleep in a timely way. It also was associated with factors in the mother\u27s life such as feeling burdened with childcare and lack of confidence in childcare. Conclusion In order to support mothers having a one-month-old infant, it is important to pay attention to the characteristics of infant\u27s crying, states of mother\u27s fatigue, mother\u27s expression of depression, and to know how mother comprehends childcare and her infant\u27s crying. For screening to be effective it must include both infant and mother factors. 目　的 　生後1 ヶ月児の泣きに対する母親の困難感とその感情に関連する要因を明らかにすることを目的とし た。 対象と方法 　北陸地方の病産院にて出産し，1 ヶ月健診時に調査の同意が得られた母親を対象に，自己記入式質問 紙調査を実施した。調査内容は，児の泣きに対する母親の困難感と，その関連要因として，児の泣きの 性質や母親の睡眠・授乳状況，サポート状況などの質問項目を設定し，各々4段階リカート尺度で点数 化した。 結　果 　有効回答は，初産婦298名（47.3％），経産婦332名（52.7％），合計630名であった。全体の約半数の母親が， 児が泣くと戸惑ったり，抱いたり，あやしても泣きやまない困難な状況を経験していた。困難感を示し た母親は，小さな子どもと接したことのない初産婦に多く，子どもの泣き方が特徴的であったり，なか なか寝入らないなど，子ども側の要因と母親の生活状況，育児に対する負担感や自信感等の母親側の要 因が困難感に関連していた。 結　論 　生後1 ヶ月時の母児の支援には，児側の要因と母親側の要因の双方に着目し，児の泣きの特徴や，母 親の疲労状態，育児に対する気持ち等に注意を向け，母親が児の泣きをどのようにとらえているのかを 知ることが重要であり，これらのスクリーニングの必要性が示唆された

Mother\u27s feelings of distress and related factors resulting from the crying of her one-month-old infants

金沢大学医薬保健研究域保健学

肥満解消のための無作為介入研究による脂肪量とアディポサイトカインの変化

Adipocytokines arebioactive substances synthesizedand secretedbyfat cell. Previous studies have reported an association between weight loss and adipocytokines. However, these studies are inconsistent and they have not clarified the relationship between weight regain and changes in circulating levels of adipocytokines. In this study, we analyzed the relationship between weight and fat volume changes and adipocytokines. The subjects were 235obese people recruited in the Saku Control Obesity Program (SCOP). Participants were randomly assigned to either immediate (Group A) or delayed (Group B, control group). Group A participants were followed for another two years after completion of the one year intervention. As controls, Group B participants received the same intervention as Group A after a delay of one year. Then they were followed up for one year. The intervention consisted in a one-year lifestyle program to induce weight loss, based on a cognitive-behavioral approach. After the first year of the study, body weight, BMI, body fat and abdominal fat areas were significantly lower in group A participants, compared to controls. After the intervention, leptin levels were significantly lowered both in men and women. After one year follow-up, both men and women re-gained about 1.5 kg body weight on average. BMI, waist circumference, fat areas by CT and HBA1c significantly increased during the follow-up period. The change of adipocytokine levels by analysis of the quartile of body weight decrease and regain revealed that increased adiponectin and decreased leptin was noteworthy for weight reduction, while increase of leptin influenced the weight regain. In conclusion, our results suggest that leptin could have broad effects on the distribution off at tissues and on lipid metabolism. Leptin inversely associated with adiponectin, which in turn was necessary to decrease body weight. In particular, leptin decreased remarkably in the process of weight reduction, and its increase seemed to be related in weight regain. The observed increase of adiponectin seemed to be induced by reduction in fat volume

Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome

The sequence of the human genome encodes the genetic instructions for human physiology, as well as rich information about human evolution. In 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported a draft sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome. Since then, the international collaboration has worked to convert this draft into a genome sequence with high accuracy and nearly complete coverage. Here, we report the result of this finishing process. The current genome sequence (Build 35) contains 2.85 billion nucleotides interrupted by only 341 gaps. It covers ∼99% of the euchromatic genome and is accurate to an error rate of ∼1 event per 100,000 bases. Many of the remaining euchromatic gaps are associated with segmental duplications and will require focused work with new methods. The near-complete sequence, the first for a vertebrate, greatly improves the precision of biological analyses of the human genome including studies of gene number, birth and death. Notably, the human enome seems to encode only 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. The genome sequence reported here should serve as a firm foundation for biomedical research in the decades ahead