The Efficacy of an Experimental Single Solution versus Alternate Use of Multiple Irrigants on Root Dentin Microhardness

Objectives: This study was carried-out to evaluate and compare the efficacy of various irrigants when used singly or in combination on the microhardness of root canal dentin. Study Design: A total of 50 root-halves were randomly divided into 5 groups immediately after the initial baseline microhardness measurements and treated with: Group-1; 7.5%Ethylenediaminetetraaceticacid (EDTA) + 2.5%sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), Group-2; 7.5%ethyleneglycol-bis[b-aminoethylether]-N,N,N0,N0-tetraaceticacid (EGTA) + 2.5%NaOCl, Group-3; 7.5%trans1,2diaminocyclohexane NNN',N'tetraaceticacid (CDTA) + 2.5% NaOCl, Group-4; 7.5%EDTA + 2.5% Ethylenediamine (EDA), and Group-5; 1/1 (v/v) EDTA-EDA mixture + 1/1 (v/v) EDTA-EDA mixture. Fifty mL of each solution was used for 1 minute. The reference and post-treatment microhardness values were measured with a Vickers indenter under 80- gram load, 15-second dwell time. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni tests (p=0.05). Results: All solutions decreased microhardness of dentin (p< 0.05). There was statistically significant difference between each group, except Group-1 and 4, after 1st solution application. While Group-2 resulted in a greater re - duction of dentin hardness, Group-5 caused the least change in microhardness values, after 1st solution application (p< 0.05). No statistical difference was observed between Groups 1-4, after 2nd solution application. However, Group-5 showed a significant difference compared with all other groups, after 2nd solution application (p< 0.05). Conclusions: Under the experimental conditions, all tested solutions reduced the microhardness of the root canal dentin. EGTA was the most efficient chelating agent. EDTA-EDA single mixture has led to least change on the microhardness of root denti

In vitro comparison of three different image receptors for determining the length of endodontic files

WOS: 000347131400006Background/purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of endodontic file length measurements of E-speed radiographs, Digora storage phosphor plates, and systems; Schick charge-coupled device sensors, with a secondary aim of assessing the influence of image endodontics; enhancement on the measurement accuracy. Materials and methods: Forty-seven extracted mandibular first premolar teeth were selected. ISO size 8, 10, and 15 files were inserted into each canal, and the files were fixed when the tip was image enhancement; seen at the apical foramen. The teeth were mounted in acrylic blocks and exposed using E-speed image receptors films, Digora storage phosphor plates, and Schick charge-coupled device sensors. Two radiologists and two endodontists measured the length of each file between the file stopper and tip on each image. Measurements were carried out on original and magnified images as well as on revealer images for Schick CDR. The actual lengths of the files were measured using a calipers to the nearest 0.01 mm and served as the "true length". Repeated measures analysis of difference and Tukey honestly significant difference tests were used to analyze the data (P 0.05). The most accurate results were obtained with the size 15 file regardless of the image receptor (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Size 15 or larger files should be used for endodontic working length determinations. Revealer images gave equivalent results with E-speed films and may be utilized for determining the file length of size 10 files. Copyright (C) 2013, Association for Dental Sciences of the Republic of China. Published by Elsevier Taiwan LLC. All rights reserved

The Relationship Between Blood Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1 alpha, Fetuin-A, Fibrinogen, Homocysteine, and Amputation Level

WOS: 000563664100001PubMed: 32856516Reduced life expectancy has resulted from an increased incidence of chronic complications in patients with diabetes. the diabetic foot is one of these complications and generally presents together with diabetic neuropathy and vascular insufficiency. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1 alpha) is important in developing the adaptation response to hypoxia and facilitates healing through regulation of keratinocyte migration and epithelium restoration in wounds. Fetuin-A is a transporter protein that is synthesized in the liver and inhibits vascular and ectopic calcifications. It has been observed that altered fetuin-A is associated with peripheral artery disease through vascular calcification and is associated with inflammation and metabolic syndrome occurrence in diabetic patients. Fibrinogen is an acute-phase reactant and has a major role in homeostasis, tissue repair, and wound healing. Increased fibrinogen blood level is one of the factors that facilitates the hypercoagulability in diabetics. Homocysteine has atherogenic features and causes vascular toxicity by enhancing low-density lipoprotein oxidation. We evaluated the association of serum HIF-1 alpha, fetuin-A, fibrinogen, and homocysteine levels with amputation in 31 patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. According to our evaluation, a negative correlation was determined between fetuin-A and amputation level (P= .012,r= -0.450), which was statistically significant. Unfortunately, there was no significant correlation between HIF-1 alpha, fibrinogen, homocysteine, and amputation level (P> .05). As a result, it was suggested that vascular calcification due to fetuin-A deficiency may be important in the diabetic foot pathogenesis and that fetuin-A levels may be a predictor for amputation level.Ege University Scientific Research Project CommissionEge University [16-TIP-011]The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: Ege University Scientific Research Project Commission (Project No. 16-TIP-011)