Predictive Missile Guidance with Online Trajectory Learning

This study presents a predictive guidance scheme for tactical missiles. The modern day targets, with improved manoeuverability, have revealed insufficient performance of the conventional guidance laws. The underlying cause of this poor performance is the reactive nature of the conventional guidance laws such as proportional navigation (PN) and pure pursuit (PP). Predictive guidance offers an alternative approach to the classical methods by taking proactive actions by estimating target’s future trajectory. However, most of the existing predictive guidance approaches assume that the interceptor have a model of the target dynamics. A guidance strategy is developed in this study, that can learn the target dynamics iteratively and adapt the interceptor actions accordingly. A recursive least squares (RLS) estimation algorithm is employed for learning and estimating the possible future target positions, and a fixed horizon nonlinear program is employed for selecting the optimal interception action. Monte-Carlo simulations show that the guidance algorithm introduced in this work demonstrates a significantly improved performance compared to the alternatives in terms of interception time and miss distance

The response of Cyclamen hederifolium to water stress induced by different irrigation levels

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of different irrigation levels on morphological and physiological parameters of Cyclamen hederifolium. Irrigation applications was scheduled as 40% of the available water was depleted in the root zone in the full irrigation and intended to refill the root zone up to field capacity. In the deficit treatments, water was applied in the range of 75% (I.75), 50% (I.50) and 25% (I.25) of the full irrigation. Deficit irrigation regimes reduced the applied water at the average rates of 17, 37 and 50%, respectively. Although the highest amount of applied water was in the I1.0 treatment , deficit irrigation application of I.50 (114 mm water applied) exibited good development on some morphological and physiological characters of C. hederifolium; leaf area index (LAI), water use efficiency,and also tuber development were the highest in the treatment of I.50. Our results clearly indicate that more than 114 mm irrigation water is an excessive water application, adversely less than thatamount has negative effects on the morphological and physiological parameters of the bulbs of C. hederifoliu

DIFFERENT APPROACHES ON BULBLET FORMATION WITH SCALING IN MADONNA LILY (LILIUM CANDIDUM)

The purpose of this study was, to determine the effects of different treatments on bulblet formation with scale propagation in 'Madonna lily' (Lilium candidum). The research was conducted in growth chamber at Eanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture in 2015-2016. Scales of Lilium candidum bulbs with 22-24 cm circumference, were used as a plant material. Effects of different incubation periods (10,12,14 weeks), incubation temperatures (10-15 degrees C, 20-25 degrees C), auxin (IBA 100 ppm, IBA 200 ppm) doses and scale positions (outer, middle, inner, center) on bulblet formation were investigated. The experiment was established according to randomised plot design with 3 replications. Some parameters like, bulblet formation ratio, bulblet number per scale, weight, diameter and height of bulblet, scale number, root number and root length of bulblet were also determined. As a conclusion, treatments have not any significant effect on bulblet formation ratio, but there were significant differences between the other parameters for some of treatments. In spite of this, incubation period of 14 weeks gives the highest average value for bulblet number per scale (1.467 piece) and bulblet height (19.105 mm). Also, the highest average value of bulblet weight (0.792 g) and bulblet diameter (13.282 mm) were measured in outer scales. While incubation temperature of 10-15 degrees C gives the best result for bulblet scale number (3.511 piece), the highest average value for root number of bulblet (3.900 piece) and root length of bulblet (11.224 cm) were measured in auxin dose of 200 ppm IBA

THE ENLARGEMENT OF LEUCOJUM AESTIVUM L. IN DIFFERENT SUBSTRATES UNDER GREENHOUSE CONDITION

Leucojum aestivum L. (summer snowflakes) is one of the species permitted to export in a limited number from Turkey. 6-7 million summer snowflakes bulbs with more than 7.5 cm circumference are exported to the Netherlands, Denmark and USA. The bulbs obtained from propagation methods are only permitted to export. This study was conducted to enlarge the circumference of snowflakes bulb by using soilless culture techniques in different substrates such as sawdust, cocopeat and perlite+ peat in a short time in a part of unheated glasshouse which belongs to Eanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, 2014-2015. The study was established according to randomised plot design with 3 replications and each plot had 20 bulbs of Leucojum aestivum L. Some parameters like, bulb diameter, bulb height, bulb weight, stem diameter, stem and leaf weight, dry stem and leaf weight, leaf number, leaf length, leaf thickness, leaf width, root length, root weight, dry root weight and emerging ratio were determined. As a result of the study, substrates have a significant effect on bulb diameter, bulb height, bulb weight, stem and leaf weight, dry stem and leaf weight, leaf number, leaf length, leaf thickness, leaf width, root length, root weight, dry root weight and emerging ratio. However, there was no significant difference between substrate treatments for the stem diameter. The highest average value of bulb diameter (24.80 mm), bulb height (35.38 g) and bulb weight (10.29 g) were measured in perlite+ peat. While perlite+ peat gives the best result for leaf length (31.23 cm), the highest average value for root length (22.58 cm) were measured in cocopeat

The response of Cyclamen hederifolium to water stress induced by different irrigation levels

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of different irrigation levels on morphological and physiological parameters of Cyclamen hederifolium. Irrigation applications was scheduled as 40% of the available water was depleted in the root zone in the full irrigation and intended to refill the root zone up to field capacity. In the deficit treatments, water was applied in the range of 75% (I.75), 50% (I.50) and 25% (I.25) of the full irrigation. Deficit irrigation regimes reduced the applied water at the average rates of 17, 37 and 50%, respectively. Although the highest amount of applied water was in the Ir0 treatment, deficit irrigation application of I.50 (114 mm water applied) exibited good development on some morphological and physiological characters of C. hederifolium; leaf area index (LAI), water use effi ciency, and also tuber development were the highest in the treatment of I.50. Our results clearly indicate that more than 114 mm irrigation water is an excessive water application, adversely less than that amount has negative effects on the morphological and physiological parameters of the bulbs of C. hederifolium. © 2009 Academic Journals

Influence of shoot topping on yield and quality of Vitis vinifera L.

This study was carried out in a 20 year old spur pruned Karasakiz (Kuntra) vineyard during the 2003 and 2004 growth season. Vines were topped at 1, 3 and 5 nodes beyond the last cluster on the main shoot. Yield and quality parameters were analyzed to determine the effects of shoot topping. The results showed that weather conditions had more statistically important effects compared to the topping level. One (1) node topping resulted in more loss of yield due to increased vegetative growth.Research Fund of Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University [2002/22]This research was funded by the Research Fund of Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University (Project number: 2002/22)

Effect of Tacrolimus on Peripheral Nerve Regeneration in Allograft Transplantation: A Light and Electron Microscopic Study

Objectives: Peripheral nerve injuries are common in Europe; however, the treatment techniques may lead to disabilities. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of tacrolimus use on the capacity of the epineural sheath graft to improve its regeneration quality in rat sciatic nerves as a treatment option for nerve injuries. Materials and Methods: In the experimental process, 30 male Sprague Dawley were used as recipients and 10 Wistar rats were used as donors. Under anesthesia, all rats were operated on to resect the sciatic nerve. The nerve tissue of Wistar rats was used as allograft. In the autograft group, the resected nerve was reversed and sutured, resulting in an epineural sheath graft. For the allograft groups, rats were randomly divided into 2 groups as the tacrolimus-treated group and the nontreated group after allograft transplant. Tacrolimus was administered intramuscularly at 0.1 mg/kg daily for 12 weeks. After the treatment period, rats were killed and evaluated histomorphologically with light and electron microscopy. Results: Histological examination showed no remark­able differences between different regions of the sciatic nerves (distal, middle, and proximal). The axonal density was decreased in the allograft groups compared with the autograft group (P < .001). Results showed that the number of mast cells was increased in the allograft group without tacrolimus treatment (P < .05). Similarly, there was a mild increase in mast cell count in the tacrolimus-treated allograft group. Conclusions: Our results showed that tacrolimus use in rats with implanted epineural nerve sheath supported recovery in terms of morphological and physiological regeneration of the nerve

Epilepsy and Quality of Life in the Shadow of Stigmatization

Aim: Because of its chronic nature, epilepsy is a complex disease with psychosocial effects. This study aimed to investigate the stigma and quality of life of individuals with epilepsy. Methods: This study was conducted between January 2022 and September 2022 in the epilepsy outpatient clinic of a university hospital located on the Anatolian side of Istanbul. In this descriptive and cross-sectional study, participants completed the Stigma Scale for Epilepsy (SSE), the Quality of Life in Epilepsy Inventory-10 (QOLIE-10), and a sociodemographic data form. Results: The study included 130 patients (83 women and 47 men) with epilepsy. 56.2% of the participants had a medium stigmatization scores and 14.6% had a high stigmatization scores. It was determined that stigmatization was associated with age, education level, employment, and income. Total score of (SSE); participants aged 51 and over, primary school graduates, never worked, and receiving minimum wage were higher. The total SSE score did not differ according to gender, marital status, people with whom they lived together, date of diagnosis, duration of treatment, or date of the last seizure. Participants who had a seizure in the previous year without income had a lower quality-of-life score. It was determined that the QOLIE-10 scores did not differ in terms of gender, age, marital status, employment, education level, people they lived with, date of diagnosis, duration of treatment, and type of epilepsy. Conclusion: The participants with high levels of stigma experienced a significant reduction in quality of life compared with the other groups. Therefore, the potential need for increased support and social rehabilitation for individuals affected by stigmatization should not ignored

Gibberellic Acid Inhibits Floral Formation and Delays Flower Differentiation in '0900 Ziraat' Sweet Cherry Cultivar

This paper reports on the effects of gibberellic acid (GA(3)) on floral formation and the potential for GA(3) to reduce flower primordia formation in sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.). GA(3) was applied to 4-year-old '0900 Ziraat'/'Gisela 5' trees at two growth stages (early flowering and beginning of fruit development) at the doses of 0, 25, 50, 100, and 250 mg L-1, for a 2-year period. Bud samples were taken from the beginning of July to the end of September in both years in six sequential dates. During the dormant seasons, buds were collected to determine number of flowers per bud. Samples were fixed and stored in a solution of formalin, 70% ethanol and glacial acetic acid (10:50:5, v/v). Flower formation in the buds was examined using a stereo zoom microscope and the morphological changes in each sample were recorded using a camera mounted on the microscope. Number of flowers per bud was negatively and linearly related to GA(3) concentration. Floral formation in '0900 Ziraat' sweet cherry (untreated control) started in early-July and continued until mid-September. The progress during which the sepal, petal, stamen and pistil primordia were differentiated was considerably slower at GA(3) applications. Imperfection of the floral buds was observed as the floral organs being replaced by leaf-like appendages or as none of the flower buds having one normally-developed flower primordia or as floral organs or flower primordia being much smaller than the other.Scientific Research Project Commission of the canakkale Onsekiz Mart University [2008/55]We would like to thank Scientific Research Project Commission of the canakkale Onsekiz Mart University for the financial assistance (Project Number: 2008/55)

Pollen of Arbutus unedo: Effects of plant growth regulators

Arbutus unedo is a species mainly used for landscaping purposes and lately for honey production. Its antioxidant characteristics have also been a subject of of research interest. The germination of pollen grains freshly collected from flowers was tested in vitro, and 30% sucrose gave the highest pollen germination. Subsequently, three growth regulators belonging to the categories of gibberellins and brassinosteroids [24-epibrassinolide (Ebl) and 22S,23S-homobrassinolide (Hbl)] were added to the growth medium singly or in double combinations (gibberellin + brassinosteroid), and the petri dishes were kept for 24 hours at 26 +/- 1 degrees C. The results showed that the highest germination rates were obtained from treatments with 0.01 ppm Hbl (45.47%) and 0.001 ppm Hbl (26.74%). They were followed by treatments with 0.001 ppm Ebl, 25 ppm GA(3) and 0.1 ppm Ebl. As the concentration of GA(3) increased, the germination rate declined considerably. Statistical analysis of the combined treatments showed that combinations of growth regulators lowered the germination rates compared to their individual application. Moreover, action of the lowest GA(3) concentration (25 ppm) best matched the effects of brassinosteroids, and increasing the GA(3) concentration in combined treatments did not improve germination. The highest germination was obtained with 0.1 ppm Hbl, followed by all Ebl treatments. Brassinosteroids might be an inducer of pollen germination in plants depending on their type and concentrations. When individually included in the growth medium, the extent of this induction was greater with the homobrassinolide than with the epibrassinolide. Their interactions with gibberellins are shown to be mostly dependent on the concentration of gibberellic acid used. The tested epibrassinolide was more consistent than the homobrassinolide in maintaining higher germination levels. The findings of this study indicate that gathering more information from studies involving other plant species is needed to clarify the role of brassinosteroids in in vitro and in vivo germination