リーシュマニア原虫感染において、樹状細胞に発現されるIRF4はIL-12産生を抑制しTh1免疫応答を制御する。

長崎大学学位論文 [学位記番号]博（医歯薬）甲第653号 [学位授与年月日]平成26年3月20

Experimental Investigation on 3D Flow around a Single T-Shaped Spur Dike in a Bend

The flow field around a T-shaped spur dike located in a 90° bend is investigated experimentally. The three-dimensional Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter (ADV) was used for measuring the flow field. The comparison of the three dimensional components of velocity was made in different sections of the bend and the differences of the flow pattern along the bend was analyzed. The observations showed the significant effect of the spur dike on the secondary flow patterns. Some horizontal vortices with a counter-clock-wise direction were also observed in the up and down stream of the spur dike near the outer bank of the bend. In addition, the vortices and reverse flows in the up and down stream of the spur dike, the changes of the secondary flow and vorticity are also addressed in this study

Fully Indecomposable and Nearly Decomposable Graphs

LetA be an n-square non-negative matrix. If A contains no s\times t zero submatrix, where s + t = n, then it is called fully indecomposable. Also, a graph G is said to be fully indecomposable if its adjacency matrix is fully indecomposable. In this paper we provide some necessary and sucient conditions for a graph to be fully indecomposable. Among other results we prove that a regular connected graph is fully indecomposable if and only if it is not bipartite.  

A Hybrid Architecture for Out of Domain Intent Detection and Intent Discovery

Intent Detection is one of the tasks of the Natural Language Understanding (NLU) unit in task-oriented dialogue systems. Out of Scope (OOS) and Out of Domain (OOD) inputs may run these systems into a problem. On the other side, a labeled dataset is needed to train a model for Intent Detection in task-oriented dialogue systems. The creation of a labeled dataset is time-consuming and needs human resources. The purpose of this article is to address mentioned problems. The task of identifying OOD/OOS inputs is named OOD/OOS Intent Detection. Also, discovering new intents and pseudo-labeling of OOD inputs is well known by Intent Discovery. In OOD intent detection part, we make use of a Variational Autoencoder to distinguish between known and unknown intents independent of input data distribution. After that, an unsupervised clustering method is used to discover different unknown intents underlying OOD/OOS inputs. We also apply a non-linear dimensionality reduction on OOD/OOS representations to make distances between representations more meaning full for clustering. Our results show that the proposed model for both OOD/OOS Intent Detection and Intent Discovery achieves great results and passes baselines in English and Persian languages

The Impact of Visual Impairment on Quality of Life

Our goal was to identify and describe factors relating to quality of life (QOL) in subjects with low vision and blindness in Iran's Sistan and Baluchestan Province. This cross-sectional study was carried out in randomly selected subjects with vision disability who were covered by the Zahedan Welfare Organization in Zahedan, Iran. The following factors related to visual impairment were evaluated: visual field (VF), visual acuity (VA), and stereopsis. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire and the Influence of Vision Impairment (IVI) questionnaire. One-hundred and twenty-one patients were enrolled for participation in the study. T-test analyses indicated that the mean QOL score for women was significantly lower than that for men (P < 0.001). Mann-Whitney U tests indicated that mean social (P = 0.003) and leisure (P = 0.009) QOL scores were significantly lower in participants without stereopsis. In addition, participants with tunnel vision scored lower on the mobility and self-care categories (P < 0.001) than others. The results of this study indicate that providing education, providing employment, improving, and expanding social programs for the blind and individuals with low vision people, especially women, are necessary.Â

The Impact of Visual Impairment on Quality of Life

Our goal was to identify and describe factors relating to quality of life (QOL) in subjects with low vision and blindness in Iran's Sistan and Baluchestan Province. This cross-sectional study was carried out in randomly selected subjects with vision disability who were covered by the Zahedan Welfare Organization in Zahedan, Iran. The following factors related to visual impairment were evaluated: visual field (VF), visual acuity (VA), and stereopsis. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire and the Influence of Vision Impairment (IVI) questionnaire. One-hundred and twenty-one patients were enrolled for participation in the study. T-test analyses indicated that the mean QOL score for women was significantly lower than that for men (P < 0.001). Mann-Whitney U tests indicated that mean social (P = 0.003) and leisure (P = 0.009) QOL scores were significantly lower in participants without stereopsis. In addition, participants with tunnel vision scored lower on the mobility and self-care categories (P < 0.001) than others. The results of this study indicate that providing education, providing employment, improving, and expanding social programs for the blind and individuals with low vision people, especially women, are necessary.

Histone deacetylase 8 protects human proximal tubular epithelial cells from hypoxia-mimetic cobalt- and hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced mitochondrial fission and cytotoxicity

Cell death by hypoxia followed by reoxygenation (H/R) is responsible for tissue injury in multiple pathological conditions. Recent studies found that epigenetic reprogramming mediated by histone deacetylases (HDACs) is implicated in H/R-induced cell death. However, among 18 different isoforms comprising 4 classes (I-IV), the role of each HDAC in cell death is largely unknown. This study examined the role of HDAC8, which is the most distinct isoform of class I, in the hypoxia mimetic cobalt- and H/R-induced cytotoxicity of human proximal tubular HK-2 cells. Using the HDAC8-specific activator TM-2-51 (TM) and inhibitor PCI34051, we found that HDAC8 played a protective role in cytotoxicity. TM or overexpression of wild-type HDAC8, but not a deacetylase-defective HDAC8 mutant, prevented mitochondrial fission, loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential and release of cytochrome C into the cytoplasm. TM suppressed expression of dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) which is a key factor required for mitochondrial fission. Suppression of DRP1 by HDAC8 was likely mediated by decreasing the level of acetylated histone H3 lysine 27 (a hallmark of active promoters) at the DRP1 promoter. Collectively, this study shows that HDAC8 inhibits cytotoxicity induced by cobalt and H/R, in part, through suppressing DRP1 expression and mitochondrial fission

The Role of Five-Letter Words in Literature: An X-Area in New Translation Studies

Taboo or in general term ‘forbidden words’ plays a key role in literature through times. Heretofore, Translation of taboo or forbidden words in literature is a pivotal task to do. According to Allan and Burridge (2006), “taboo refers to a proscription of behavior for a specifiable community of one or more persons, at a specifiable time, in specifiable contexts (p. 11).” Taboo words in New Translation Studies (NTS) amplifies its significant influence in source-target amalgamation. This is due to the fact that translations either source-based or target-based tend to be homogenized so as to transfer the near essence of the text. In this connection, the way of translating taboo in literary texts is of crucial importance. Most of the translators resort to the natural equivalence or one-to-one correspondence for the ease of the target reader. Translating in accordance with the source regulations or the target ones is not the absolute license dealing with taboo or forbidden words. Translators should consider the void or X-area between the source and the target language in order to decipher the underlying potential in Source-Target translation. This study seeks to clarify the meaning of this X-area in New Translation Studies in literary phrases and texts. To better understand it, this article scrutinizes four utmost important approaches. The intended approaches are (1) language persistency, (2) language sensitivity, (3) the role of the decoding ability, and (4) Equimediation paradigm which inspect equivalents either deeply or superficially so as to persuade the audience on their workability, feasibility, and practicality. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n1s1p49