Erfassung und Evaluierung von Teilentladungen in Leistungstransformatoren mit speziellen Sensoren und Diagnoseverfahren

Transformers are key elements of the power grid. Due to their importance and high initial cost, asset managers utilize monitoring and diagnostic tools to optimize their operation and extend their service life. The main objective of this thesis is to develop new methods in the field of monitoring and diagnosis of transformers in order to reduce maintenance costs and decrease the frequency of forced outages. For this purpose, two concepts are proposed. Small generator step-up transformers are essential in wind and photovoltaic parks. The first presented concept entails an online fault gas monitoring system for these transformers, specially hermetically-sealed transformers. The developed compact, maintenance-free and cost-effective monitoring system continuously tracks the level of the key leading indicators of transformer faults in the gas cushion. The second presented concept revolves around partial discharge (PD) assessment by the UHF measurement technique, which is based on capturing the electromagnetic (EM) waves emitted in case of PD in the insulation of a transformer. In this context, the complex EM system established when probes are introduced into the tank of a transformer and with PD as the excitation source is analyzed. Drawing on this foundation, a practical approach to the detection and classification of PD with the focus on the selection of the optimal frequency range for performing UHF measurements depending on the device under test is presented. The UHF measurement technique also offers the possibility of PD localization. Here, the determined arrival time (AT) of the captured signals is critical. A PD localization algorithm, based on a multi-data-set approach with a novel AT determination method, is proposed. The methods and algorithms proposed for the detection, classification and localization of PD are validated by means of practical experiments

Valproate Effects on Chemophysical Properties of Human Serum Albumin

Albumin has a fundamental role in human body. Its main tasks in blood are to regulate osmotic blood pressure, maintaining the pH, and transporting metabolites and drugs throughout the vascular system.  Pharmacological studies of the interaction of drugs on HSA are important due to structural and functional changes of this vital protein; thus, here in this research the effect of valproate as a common drug for epilepsy disorders is evaluated in the presence of hexadecyl pyridinium bromide (HPB) as a positive surfactant in normal and fever condition. Electrochemical method was used to investigate the binding number of HPB molecules to HSA in the absence and presence of valproate by evaluating the concentration of free HPB in 37oC and 42oC temperatures. HSA affinity for valproate binding studied via ligand binding process for normal and fever temperatures. The findings indicate that, there is a significant difference in valproate binding to albumin at physiological and pathological temperatures. The consequences are the same in the presence of HPB; in other words, HSA binding tendency to HPB in the presence of valproate was totally altered because of HSA major conformational changes in fever condition. In conclusion, corrected dosage of valproate is needed for fever condition relative to normal temperature and the patients under prescription of different medications in fever condition should have different orders due to the interferences of drugs.

Adrenal Cavernous Hemangioma Associated with Myelolipoma; a Case Report

Adrenal cavernous hemangioma is a rare benign tumor, most commonly diagnosed incidentally on imaging studies. Hereby we report a case of adrenal cavernous hemangioma with myelolipoma in a 39-year-old female presenting with epigastric pain for six months. CT scan of abdomen and pelvis showed a 38*27 mm left adrenal mass with heterogeneous enhancement and calcification. Laparoscopic left adrenalectomy was performed and pathologic examination grossly showed an encapsulated oval mass with multicystic cut surfaces containing hematoma. Microscopically, blood filled dilated vascular channels lined by endothelial cells with foci of adipose tissue admixed with normal hematopoietic cells were seen. Positive immunostaining for CD31 and CD34 confirmed the diagnosis of cavernous hemangioma. So, cavernous hemangioma associated with myelolipoma of the adrenal gland should always be considered as a differential diagnosis of adrenal masses

A concentration of serum selenium in multiple sclerosis patients compare to healthy subject in Tehran

     Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease which the exact etiology is still are far to be clear. Reasons for this autoimmune disease are unknown origin. The aim of present study was to evaluate serum levels of selenium in patient with MS compare to healthy subjects. A total of 46 subjects were enrolled in the study, Sera of 23 MS cases and 23 healthy normal cohorts as control group were obtained. Atomic absorption spectrophotometer was employed for estimating serum selenium level. Serum selenium levels were significantly lower in MS than in control cohorts (60.87±13 compared with 85.74±12, P-value < 0.0001). Serum selenium levels may thus be a marker of MS; the decreasing levels of serum selenium may be host defense strategies of body

Socio-Economic Status Inequity in Self Rated Health in Patients with Breast Cancer

AIM: We investigate the evaluation of socio-economic status (SES) inequality on self-rated health (SRH) at women with breast cancer. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study METHODS: The current study conducted on all 270 breast cancer patients that were admitted to one of the hospitals of Arak University Medical Sciences (Arak, Iran from April to July 2018) by census (using non-random sampling (accessible sampling). SES was calculated by asset-based questionnaire and Principle Component Analysis (PCA) was performed to estimate the families' SES. Concentration Index (C) and Curve (CC) was used to measure SES inequality in SRH. The data were analysed with Stata software. RESULTS: The number of persons with good SRH by the level of SES was 165 (61.1%) and with poor SRH was 105 (38.9%). The number of persons with good SRH in comparison to same-aged people by level of SES was 135 (50%) and with poor SRH was 135 (50%). Concentration index of SRH in all level of SES was 0.061 (SE = 0.03). Also, Concentration index for SRH in comparison to same-aged people at different levels of SES was -0.044 (SE = 0.03). CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed that there is inequality in SRH in a patient with breast cancer of the richest level of SES

Prevalence and risk factors of urethral, penile, and scrotal cancers in Iranian men during 2004-2015: A national cancer registry-based study

Introduction: Urethral, penile, and scrotal cancers are rare and represent less than 1% of all malignancies. However, they are associated with a high mortality rate and have a significant effect on patients’ quality of life. Penile and urethral cancers comprise 0.6% of all urological cancers. Because of ethnic, geographical, and cultural diversity, risk factors and cancer patterns vary in different communities. We aimed to provide valid information on the prevalence, incidence, and epidemiology of urethral, penile, and scrotal cancers using the National Registry on Cancer of Iran. Methods: This retrospective study of 465 patients included all known cases of urethral, penile, and scrotal cancers from the Department of National Registry on Cancer at the Ministry of Health and Medical Education in Iran during 2004-2015. This study examined the demographic characteristics of patients and discussed the risk factors and possible causes of the above-mentioned cancers. Results: The mean ±SD age at the time of registration was 58.49±20.82 years. The highest and lowest proportions of cases belonged to Tehran/Alborz (14.2%) and Mazandaran (0.65%) provinces, Iran, respectively. Regarding the distribution of records according to a year of registration, these cancers were more prevalent in 2014, and less prevalent in 2004. Conclusion: Urethral, penile, and scrotal cancers were more common in Tehran and Alborz. There was a strong possibility that the prevalence of these cancers is linked to the industrial nature of Tehran and Alborz and the prevalence of human papillomavirus

YKL-40 Gene Expression and Plasma Levels of CD30 are not Affected by Isoflurane or Propofol: Pilot Study

Background: It has been hypothesized that the body's response to anesthesia techniques can increase risk of cancer recurrence and metastatic disease after surgery and also can modulate immune responses. Some acute inflammatory markers have been measured to survey the immunomodulatory effect of anesthesia, but in this research, we studied the plasma level of CD30 and YKL-40 gene expression which can present major changes of the immune system.Materials and Methods: Our study was a controlled before and after study. 34 women with biopsy-proven breast cancer were randomized to receive either propofol general anesthesia (n=17) or standard isoflurane general anesthesia (n=17). There were no significant differences between the two patient groups in age, body weight, and height, length of general anesthesia, operative time and group of surgery. The blood samples were collected in two different sets, before anesthesia and 72-h postoperatively. Soluble CD30 (sCD30) plasma level was measured by ELISA and YKL-40/CHI3L1 gene expression was evaluated by real-time-PCR.Results: The results showed that the anesthetics, propofol and isoflurane, have no effect on the expression of YKL-40. Despite increased in the expression of YKL-40 that was observed in patients receiving isoflurane, this increase was not statistically significant. There was no significant increase or decrease in plasma concentrations of sCD30.Conclusion: YKL-40 and sCD30 are not affected by isoflurane or propofol.  So, in immunological perspective, there is no preference in use of isoflurane or propofol in breast cancer patients

Ethics of Palliative Surgery in Esophageal Cancer

Abstract Background: Surgery is one of the important palliative methods for patients with esophageal cancer. In addition to concerns related to clinical decision making, various moral challenges are encountered in palliative surgery. Some of them are related to patients and their illness, others to surgeons, their attitudes, skills and knowledge base

Spiritual Interventions and Distress in Mothers of Children with Cancer

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of spiritual interventions in reducing distress in mothers of children with cancer. In a quasi-experimental study 12 mothers of children with cancer aged between 19 to 50 years old were selected and studied within six 90-minute group sessions in a spiritual intervention based program. Participants in a program based on repeated measures were tested in the first, third, sixth sessions and then 3 weeks after the last session (follow-up) with a Scale of Subjective Units of Distress (SUD). The results of repeated measures show that spiritual intervention improves distress of mothers of children with cancer in post-test phase and this increase remains sustained until follow-up

Impact of painting therapy on aggression and anxiety of children with cancer

Background: Cancer is a major source of distress such as aggression and anxiety. It becomes a traumatic and painful for both children and their family. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of painting therapy on the reduction of aggression and anxiety among hospitalized children with cancer (8-12 aged). Methods: The study was semi-experimental with pretest-posttest and treatment group. Thirty hospitalized children with cancer (8-12 aged), who obtained one score above the mean scores in Spence Children's Anxiety Scale and Children's Inventory of Anger (ChIA) were selected from Shafa Hospital in Ahvaz. Then, they were randomly divided into the control and experimental groups. The intervention group received techniques of painting therapy for 11 treatment sessions (60 minutes for each session, twice per week). Data were analyzed using covariance. Results: The results indicated that there was a significant difference between the pretest and post-test scores in aggression (±SD: 60.9±13.56, 40.90±8.52; F=118.79, p<0.001) and anxiety (±SD:15.75 ± 2.97, 10.60±2.92; F=118.79, p<0.001) in experimental group. Conclusions: Findings indicated that painting therapy impacted on the reduction of the aggression and anxiety in children with cancer. Therefore, it would be considered as the therapeutic interventions for releasing the negative emotion in children with cancer