Reaksi Hidrogenasi Metoksida Menjadi Metanol pada Klaster Pd6Ni

Kami melakukan kajian teoretis mengenai reaksi hidrogenasi metoksida (H3CO) menjadi metanol (CH3OH) pada katalis klaster Pd6Ni secara teoretis menggunakan perhitungan berbasis teori fungsional kerapatan (DFT). Reaksi ini merupakan salah satu reaksi pembatas laju pada proses konversi gas karbon dioksida (CO2) menjadi metanol. Hasil perhitungan kami menunjukkan bahwa reaksi hidrogenasi metoksida pada katalis klaster Pd6Ni memiliki energi aktivasi yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan energi aktivasi pada katalis konvensional berbasis permukaan Cu. Hal ini disebabkan karena klaster Pd6Ni mampu menstabilkan adsorpsi molekul metanol dengan baik dan memiliki energi adsorpsi *H yang relatif lemah

Pembuatan Scaffold Trikalsium Fosfat Berpori Menggunakan Metode Protein Foaming-Consolidation dengan Variasi Waktu dan Temperatur Pengeringan

Tricalcium phosphate (TCP) is a ceramics material which is widely used for bone subtitude. Protein foaming-consolidation method is a technique for production of porous tricalciumphosphate (TCP) using egg yolk as pore creating agent. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of time and drying temperature effect on physical, chemical and mechanical properties of porous TCP and characterizing porous TCP as bones implant. This research start by mixing TCP powder, sago powder, Darvan 821A and egg yolk. The slurries were mechanical stirred at 150 rpm for 3 hours. Then, the slurries were casted in a cylindrical stainless stell moldand heated at 160oC, 180°C and 200oC for 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 minutes. Subsequently, dried samples were demolded and burned at 600°C for 1 hour.,For the final steps,samples were sintered at 1150oC for 1 hour. The results of porous TCP from this research was 45.90-61.70% for porosity, the density was 1.20-1.72 g/cm3 and the compressive strength was 8.04-8.64 Mpa

Development of a new PEA Cell for model cables

In this work, a prototype of a new PEA cell configuration has been built and its principle of operation investigated and described. The reasons that led the authors to this work are due to the fact that the traditional cell still presents some issues. In particular, it known that that for cable specimens the reflection phenomenon and the signal attenuation are the main responsible factors that affecting the main output signal. Concerning the acoustic wave attenuation phenomenon, it was found that the signal magnitude can increase by replacing the metallic ground electrode with a polymeric acoustic coupler and the PVDF absorber with a metallic block. Based on this, after a description of the classic and the new PEA cell structure, in the present paper the acoustic wave behavior in the sensor/absorber interface has been simulated by means of a previously developed model. Simulation results show that in the new PEA cell the signal sensed by piezoelectric sensor is doubled in comparison with that detected in the traditional configuration. However, in the first experimental test carried out with the built PEA cell prototype in a model cable specimen it has been observed that the magnitude of the space charge profile needs to be further improved

Observations of Binary Stars with the Differential Speckle Survey Instrument. VII. Measures from 2010 September to 2012 February at the WIYN Telescope

We report on speckle observations of binary stars carried out at the WIYN Telescope over the period from September 2010 through February 2012, providing relative astrometry for 2521 observations of 883 objects, 856 of which are double stars and 27 of which are triples. The separations measured span a range of 0.01 to 1.75 arc seconds. Wavelengths of 562 nm, 692 nm, and 880 nm were used, and differential photometry at one or more of these wavelengths is presented in most cases. Sixty-six components were resolved for the first time. We also estimate detection limits at 0.2 and 1.0 arc seconds for high-quality observations in cases where no companion was seen, a total of 176 additional objects. Detection limits vary based on observing conditions and signal-to-noise ratio, but are approximately 4 magnitudes at 0.2 arc seconds and 6 magnitudes at 1.0 arc seconds on average. Analyzing the measurement precision of the data set, we find that the individual separations obtained have linear measurement uncertainties of approximately 2 mas, and photometry is uncertain to approximately 0.1 magnitudes in general. This work provides fundamental, well-calibrated data for future orbit and mass determinations, and we present three first orbits and total mass estimates of nearby K-dwarf systems as examples of this potential

Ricci Solitons and Einstein-Scalar Field Theory

B List has recently studied a geometric flow whose fixed points correspond to static Ricci flat spacetimes. It is now known that this flow is in fact Ricci flow modulo pullback by a certain diffeomorphism. We use this observation to associate to each static Ricci flat spacetime a local Ricci soliton in one higher dimension. As well, solutions of Euclidean-signature Einstein gravity coupled to a free massless scalar field with nonzero cosmological constant are associated to shrinking or expanding Ricci solitons. We exhibit examples, including an explicit family of complete expanding solitons which can be thought of as a Ricci flow for a complete Lorentzian metric. The possible generalization to Ricci-flat stationary metrics leads us to consider an alternative to Ricci flow.Comment: 17 pages, 1 figure; Revised version (organizational changes, other minor revisions and corrections, citations corrected and added), to appear in CQ

Deformation of Codimension-2 Surface and Horizon Thermodynamics

The deformation equation of a spacelike submanifold with an arbitrary codimension is given by a general construction without using local frames. In the case of codimension-1, this equation reduces to the evolution equation of the extrinsic curvature of a spacelike hypersurface. In the more interesting case of codimension-2, after selecting a local null frame, this deformation equation reduces to the well known (cross) focusing equations. We show how the thermodynamics of trapping horizons is related to these deformation equations in two different formalisms: with and without introducing quasilocal energy. In the formalism with the quasilocal energy, the Hawking mass in four dimension is generalized to higher dimension, and it is found that the deformation of this energy inside a marginal surface can be also decomposed into the contributions from matter fields and gravitational radiation as in the four dimension. In the formalism without the quasilocal energy, we generalize the definition of slowly evolving future outer trapping horizons proposed by Booth to past trapping horizons. The dynamics of the trapping horizons in FLRW universe is given as an example. Especially, the slowly evolving past trapping horizon in the FLRW universe has close relation to the scenario of slow-roll inflation. Up to the second order of the slowly evolving parameter in this generalization, the temperature (surface gravity) associated with the slowly evolving trapping horizon in the FLRW universe is essentially the same as the one defined by using the quasilocal energy.Comment: Latex, 61 pages, no figures; v2, type errors corrected; v3, references and comments are added, English is improved, to appear in JHE

Short-range interactions in a two-electron system: energy levels and magnetic properties

The problem of two electrons in a square billiard interacting via a finite-range repulsive Yukawa potential and subjected to a constant magnetic field is considered. We compute the energy spectrum for both singlet and triplet states, and for all symmetry classes, as a function of the strength and range of the interaction and of the magnetic field. We show that the short-range nature of the potential suppresses the formation of ``Wigner molecule'' states for the ground state, even in the strong interaction limit. The magnetic susceptibility $\chi(B)$ shows low-temperature paramagnetic peaks due to exchange induced singlet-triplet oscillations. The position, number and intensity of these peaks depend on the range and strength of the interaction. The contribution of the interaction to the susceptibility displays paramagnetic and diamagnetic phases as a function of $T$.Comment: 12 pages,6 figures; to appear in Phys. Rev.

Early rheumatoid arthritis is characterized by a distinct and transient synovial fluid cytokine profile of T cell and stromal cell origin

Pathological processes involved in the initiation of rheumatoid synovitis remain unclear. We undertook the present study to identify immune and stromal processes that are present soon after the clinical onset of rheumatoid arthritis ( RA) by assessing a panel of T cell, macrophage, and stromal cell related cytokines and chemokines in the synovial fluid of patients with early synovitis. Synovial fluid was aspirated from inflamed joints of patients with inflammatory arthritis of duration 3 months or less, whose outcomes were subsequently determined by follow up. For comparison, synovial fluid was aspirated from patients with acute crystal arthritis, established RA and osteoarthritis. Rheumatoid factor activity was blocked in the synovial fluid samples, and a panel of 23 cytokines and chemokines measured using a multiplex based system. Patients with early inflammatory arthritis who subsequently developed RA had a distinct but transient synovial fluid cytokine profile. The levels of a range of T cell, macrophage and stromal cell related cytokines ( e. g. IL-2, IL-4, IL-13, IL-17, IL-15, basic fibroblast growth factor and epidermal growth factor) were significantly elevated in these patients within 3 months after symptom onset, as compared with early arthritis patients who did not develop RA. In addition, this profile was no longer present in established RA. In contrast, patients with non-rheumatoid persistent synovitis exhibited elevated levels of interferon-gamma at initiation. Early synovitis destined to develop into RA is thus characterized by a distinct and transient synovial fluid cytokine profile. The cytokines present in the early rheumatoid lesion suggest that this response is likely to influence the microenvironment required for persistent RA

Dynamical control of correlated states in a square quantum dot

In the limit of low particle density, electrons confined to a quantum dot form strongly correlated states termed Wigner molecules, in which the Coulomb interaction causes the electrons to become highly localized in space. By using an effective model of Hubbard-type to describe these states, we investigate how an oscillatory electric field can drive the dynamics of a two-electron Wigner molecule held in a square quantum dot. We find that, for certain combinations of frequency and strength of the applied field, the tunneling between various charge configurations can be strongly quenched, and we relate this phenomenon to the presence of anti-crossings in the Floquet quasi-energy spectrum. We further obtain simple analytic expressions for the location of these anti-crossings, which allows the effective parameters for a given quantum dot to be directly measured in experiment, and suggests the exciting possibility of using ac-fields to control the time evolution of entangled states in mesoscopic devices.Comment: Replaced with version to be published in Phys. Rev.