The Impact of Village Fund Program in Developing Physical Infrastructure: Case on Construction Value Across Provinces in Indonesia

Indonesia is the largest archipelago country with over than 260 million population. Yet, its archipelagic state makes it hard for the Indonesian government to distribute its income equally, causing severe poverty in certain regions. To overcome this problem, the role of construction industry is very crucial. Many papers say construction industry plays an important role to achieve socio-economic development goals in providing shelter, physical infrastructure, employment, and higher economic growth. Knowing the importance of construction sector, especially in physical infrastructure, President of Indonesia, Joko Widodo, focuses on accelerating infrastructure development. To equally distribute the development between rural and urban areas and shorten the level of inequality, in 2015 Indonesian government made a program in a form of fiscal transfers called Village Fund program. The objective of this paper is to measure the impact of Village Fund program in developing physical infrastructure across provinces in Indonesia. This paper used panel data with Random Effect Model to analyze the marginal effect of Village Fund in construction sector. The finished construction value is used as the dependent variable. As the independent variable, this paper uses the amount of Village Fund given and Gross Domestic Regional Product (GRDP) as the control variable in 33 provinces that participated in Village Fund program during 2015 and 2016. Setting with α = 0.01, the result shows that Village Fund program has a marginal positive effect to finished construction value. Every one percentage point change in Village Fund increases the amount of construction value finished by 0.033%. For the other variable, every 1% increase in GRDP also increase the construction value by 0.41%. We hope this paper could be useful to evaluate the implementation of Village Fund and as a base for making similar policies in the future. Keywords: Village Fund, Construction Value, Infrastructure, GRDP, Random Effect Model

Stunting in Eastern Indonesia: Determinants and Solution from Indonesian Family Life Survey

Stunting is considered as detrimental and worrying health problems in many developing countries. WHO in 2018 reported that Indonesia ranks 3rd as country with highest stunting prevalence in Southeast Asia and it is dominated in eastern region of Indonesia with the highest prevalence rate in East Nusa Tenggara (40.3%) This study aims to find determinants and solutions related to stunting of children aged 0-59 months in eastern region of Indonesia. Using 1093 samples of children aged 0-59 months from Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) East 2012, this paper used logistic regression to find relationship between socio-economic factors and household characteristics to stunting dummy variable. This paper found that paternal education, birth order, quality of sanitation, maternal Body Mass Index (BMI), and relative wealth using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) are significantly correlated with stunting

Determinan Pengeluaran Rokok Elektrik di Kota Bandung

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor yang mempengaruhi pengeluaran rokok elektrik di Kota Bandung. Penelitian ini menggunakan Convenience Sampling dan formula Slovin, melakukan wawancara terhadap 200 pengguna rokok elektrik di Kota Bandung. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Regresi Linear Berganda dengan STATA 12. Variabel yang digunakan adalah total pengeluaran rokok elektrik per bulan, harga alat mesin isap rokok elektrik, motivasi penggunaan rokok elektrik, jumlah rasa cairan rokok elektrik, pengetahuan mengenai resiko penggunaan rokok elektrik, dan status penggunaan ganda rokok konvensional dan rokok elektrik. Hasil regresi menunjukkan bahwa harga alat mesin isap rokok elektrik, motivasi penggunaan rokok elektrik, jumlah rasa cairan rokok elektrik berpengaruh positif dan signifikan pada peningkatan pengeluaran rokok elektrik di Kota Bandung. Sedangkan pengetahuan mengenai resiko penggunaan rokok elektrik tidak signifikan mengurangi tingkat pengeluaran rokok elektrik di kota Bandung. Penelitian ini juga menemukan bahwa status pengguna ganda rokok elektrik dan rokok konvensional berpengaruh negatif tetapi tidak signifikan pada pengeluaran rokok elektrik. Untuk mengurangi penggunaan rokok elektrik di Kota Bandung, pemerintah perlu meningkatkan kampanye kesehatan mengenai bahaya penggunaan rokok elektrik. Bahkan pemerintah seharusnya melarang penggunaan rokok elektrik karena pengaruh pengetahuan rokok elektrik yang tidak signifikan mengurangi konsumsi rokok elektrik.AbstractThis research aims to analyze the factors that affect expenditure decision on electronic cigarettes in Bandung. This research uses the Convenience Sampling and Slovin formula, interviews 200 users of e-cigarettes in Bandung. This paper uses Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) with STATA 12. Total expenditure per month in electronic cigarettes, the price of electronic cigarette suction machine tools, motivation in using electronic cigarettes, the amount of electronic cigarettes liquid taste, knowledge about the risk of using electronic cigarettes, and the status dual user of conventional cigarettes and electronic cigarettes are has been used as variables in this research. The regression result shows that the price of electronic cigarettes, motivation to use electronic cigarettes, the amount of electronic cigarettes liquid taste are positively and significantly correlated with the total expenditure per month for electronic cigarettes in Bandung. In the other hand, knowledge about the risk of using electronic cigarettes not significantly reduces electronic cigarette expenditure. This study also finds that the status of dual users of electronic cigarettes and conventional cigarettes has a negative but not significant effect on electronic cigarette expenditure. To reduce the use of electronic cigarettes, the government needs to increase health campaigns regarding the dangers of electronic cigarettes.Even the government must bans the use of electronic cigarettes because knowledge about electronic cigarettes risk has insignificant effect to reduce consumption of electronic cigarettes