EFFECTS OF STRESS IN PREGNANCY ON PRENATAL ATTACHMENT, AND CONTRIBUTING FACTORS

Background: The mother’s having good mental health during pregnancy is important for the mother’s and fetus’s health. Stress experienced during pregnancy can also affect prenatal attachment. In this study, it was aimed to determine the effect of the stress level of pregnant women on prenatal attachment and the factors affecting prenatal attachment. Subjects: In this descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in the obstetrics outpatient clinic of a training and research hospital, 276 healthy primiparous pregnant women whose gestational age was ≥20 weeks were included. To collect the data, the Descriptive Characteristics Form, Pregnancy Stress Rating Scale (PSRS), and Prenatal Attachment Inventory (PAI) were used. Results: The mean scores the participants obtained from the Pregnancy Stress Rating Scale and Prenatal Attachment Inventory were 40.13±31.22 and 46.87±16.62 respectively. A moderately statistically significant negative correlation was determined between pregnancy stress and prenatal attachment (r=-0.42, p=0.000). In the study, it was observed that pregnancy stress level of the participating pregnant women decreased as the age increased (r=-0.13, p=0.026), but that it increased as their education and income levels increased (χ2=8.150, p=0.043- (χ2=6.785, p=0.034). The participants’ attachment levels were not correlated with variables such as age, education, baby\u27s sex and gestational age, but prenatal attachment levels of the participants who received social support while they did house hold chores were statistically significantly higher (U=7872.500, p=0.025). Conclusions: It was observed that as the prenatal attachment level of the participating pregnant women decreased, as their stress level increased, that their stress level decreased as their age increased, that that their stress level increased as the education and income levels increased, and that the prenatal attachment of the participants who received social support when they did household chores was higher. It is thought that health personnel can improve prenatal attachment by taking necessary steps to reduce the stress levels of pregnant women in this process

The psychometric properties of the Turkish version of self rated abilities for health practices scale in the gestational diabetes sample

PMID: 34782513WOS:000755753500021ackground: The Self Rated Abilities for Health Practices (SRAHP) scale is an instrument devised for measuring an individuals' beliefs about self-efficacy for conducting health promotion practices. Using a valid and reliable scale while measuring the individuals' beliefs about self-efficacy may contribute to manage GDM. Aim: This study aims to evaluate the psychometric characteristics of the Self Rated Abilities for Health Practices Scale (SRAHP) among women with GDM in Turkey. Patients and Methods: This psychometric study used a cross-sectional study design. To culturally validate the Self Rated Abilities for Health Practices Scale (SRAHP), different techniques were utilized such as the blind back-translation technique, experts' opinions of the translated version, pilot study that individuals have similar characteristics and are not included in the study. The construct validity of the scale was tested to the exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. Item-total and item-subscale total score, Cronbach's alpha coefficients, and split-half reliability analyses were calculated for the internal reliability of the scale. Results: The explained rate of variance was 50.7%, and confirmatory factor analysis concerning the results was acceptable and in good fit. The results showed that the Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the whole scale was 0.91, and for subscales 0.88, 0.83, 0.80, and 0.68, respectively. Spearman-Brown (0.81) and Guttman Split-Half coefficients (0.80) were satisfactory for the whole scale. Conclusions: Turkish translation of the SRAHP scale was determined theoretically based, culturally acceptable instrument for the self abilities in women with GDM

Gebelerin gestasyonel diabetes mellitus bilgisi ve bilgiyi etkileyen faktörler: Kesitsel çalışma

Gestational Diabetes has been increasing recently. This condition, which can cause extremely negative results for the mother and baby, can be taken under control by removing the lack of information. Objectives: This study aimed to examine the knowledge levels of pregnant women concerning Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM), and to determine the factors that affect the knowledge levels. Methods: This research was conducted as a descriptive cross-sectional study. The sample was comprised of 184 pregnant women. The research data were evaluated by the multiple regression analysis. Results: The mean score of GDM knowledge level of pregnant women is 40.10 ± 19.56 (min = 0, max = 88) points. Monthly mean income (β = .185, t = 2.779, p = .006), treatment method (β = .318, t = 3.422, p = .001), status of receiving education (β = .267, t = 4530, p = .000), pregnant women evaluated GDM knowledge which level (β = -.348, t = 6.008, p = .000), and person who gave the education (β = .180, t = 3.375, p = .001) were determined to be predictors of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus knowledge (R2 = .66, F = 25.690, p = .000). Conclusion: Having high income, receiving insulin treatment beside the diet, receiving education about GDM, thinking they have information about GDM, and multidisciplinary approach were found the factors affecting GDM knowledge.Gestasyonel Diyabetes son zamanlarda artmaktadır. Anne ve bebek için son derece olumsuz sonuçlara neden olabilen bu durum bilgi eksikliği giderilerek kontrol altına alınabilir. Amaç: Bu çalışmada, Gestasyonel Diyabetes Mellitus (GDM)’lu gebelerin bilgi düzeylerinin incelenmesi ve bilgi düzeylerini etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Bu araştırma, tanımlayıcı kesitsel bir çalışma olarak yapılmıştır. Örneklem 184 gebe kadından oluşmuştur. Araştırma verileri çoklu regresyon analizi ile değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: Gebe kadınların GDM bilgi düzeyi puan ortalaması 40.10 ± 19.56 (min = 0, maks = 88) puandır. Aylık ortalama gelir (β = .185, t = 2.779, p = .006), tedavi yöntemi (β = .318, t = 3.422, p = .001), eğitim alma durumu (β = .267, t = 4530, p = .000), gebelerin GDM bilgisini hangi düzeyde değerlendirdiği (β = -.348, t = 6.008, p = .000) ve eğitimi veren kişinin (β = .180, t = 3.375, p = .001) Gestasyonel Diyabetes Mellitus bilgisinin tahmin edicileri olduğu saptanmıştır (R2 = .66, F = 25.690, p = .000). Sonuç: Yüksek gelir sahibi olma, diyet yanında insülin tedavisi alma, GDM konusunda eğitim alma, GDM hakkında bilgi sahibi olduğunu düşünme ve multidisipliner yaklaşım GDM bilgisini etkileyen faktörler olarak bulunmuştur

Information, practices, and barriers regarding skin-to-skin contact of mothers giving vaginal birth

Bu araştırmanın amacı, vajinal doğum yapan kadınlarınyenidoğan ile ten tene temasları (kanguru anne bakımı) hakkındabilgilerini, uygulamalarını ve engellerini belirlemektir.Gereç ve Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı araştırmanın örneklemini bir kamuve bir üniversite hastanesinde vajinal doğum yapan 108 kadınoluşturmuştur. Araştırmacılar tarafından oluşturulan veri formukadınların tanıtıcı bilgilerini ve ten tene temas kavramı konusundabilgi, uygulamalarına ve engellerine ilişkin verileri içermektedir.Veriler SPSS 15.0 programı kullanılarak değerlendirilmiş ve verilerinanalizinde tanımlayıcı istatistikler ve kikare testi kullanılmıştır.Bulgular: Kadınlar doğumdan ortalama 32.74±25.61 dakika sonrabebeklerini kucaklarına aldıklarını ifade etmişlerdir. %13.0’ının tentene temas uyguladığı belirlenmiştir. Kadınların ten tene temastanımı ve yararları konusunda on üzerinden 1.07 puan ortalamasıile düşük düzeyde bilgiye sahip oldukları saptanmıştır. Kadınların%67.8’si ten tene temasın uygulanmasındaki engelin nedeni olarakilk sırada bebeğinin giyinik olmasını belirtmişlerdir.Sonuç: Antenatal dönemde gebeler bilgilendirilmeli ve gebelerinfarkındalıkları arttırılmalıdır. Bebeklerin giysileri olmadan bebeğinteninin anne tenine değmesi gerektiği anlatılmalı ve uygulamalarıdesteklenmelidir.This study aims to determine the knowledge, practices, and barriers of women who give vaginal birth about skin-to-skin contact (kangaroo mother care) with their newborn. Material and Methods: The sample of the descriptive study consisted of 108 women who gave vaginal birth in a public and university hospital. The data form created by the researchers includes women's descriptive characteristics and information about skin-to-skin contact, practices, and barriers. The data were evaluated using the SPSS 15.0 program, and descriptive statistics and chi-square test were used to analyze the data. Results: Women stated that they took their babies in their laps, on average 32.74 ± 25.61 minutes after birth. It was determined that 13.0% had skin-to-skin contact. It was determined that women had a low level of knowledge about the definition of skin to skin contact and its benefits, with an average of 1.07 out of ten. 67.8% of the women stated that the biggest obstacle in applying skin-to-skin contact was that their baby was dressed. Conclusion: Pregnant women should be informed during the antenatal period, and their awareness should be increased. It should be explained that baby's skin should touch mother's skin without clothes of babies, and their practices should be supported

The relationship between birth satisfaction and postpartum comfort according to delivery type and parity

Doğum şekli ve parite doğumdan memnuniyet ve doğum sonu konforu etkileyen önemli faktörlerdir. Vajinal doğum ile sezaryen doğum yapan ya da primipar ile multipar olan kadınların doğum memnuniyeti ve doğum sonu konforunun ayrı ayrı incelendiği çalışmalarda, vajinal doğum yapan kadınların ve primipar kadınların doğum memnuniyetinin ve doğum sonu konforunun yüksek olduğu görülmektedir. Çalışmanın amacı doğum şekli ve pariteye göre kadınların doğum memnuniyeti ile doğum sonu konforu arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir. Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı ve karşılaştırmalı çalışmanın verileri Kasım 2017-Temmuz 2019 tarihleri arasında bir üniversite hastanesinin kadın doğum kliniğinde toplanmıştır. Çalışmaya dahil edilen 200 doğum sonu anneye Anne Tanıtım Formu, Doğum Memnuniyeti Değerlendirme Formu ve Doğum Sonu Konfor Ölçeği uygulanmıştır. Bulgular: Doğum şekli (t=1.110, p=0.268) ve paritenin (t=0.812, p=0.418) doğum memnuniyetine etkisinin olmadığı saptanmıştır. Primipar kadınların vajinal veya sezaryen doğum yapması doğum memnuniyetinde fark yaratmazken (t=0.025, p=0.980), multipar kadınlarda vajinal doğum yapanların doğum memnuniyeti anlamlı düzeyde yüksek bulunmuştur (t=2.280, p=0.025). Doğum şekli (t=1.841, p=0.067) ve paritenin doğum sonu konforunu etkilemediği görülmüştür (t=1.518, p=0.131). Ancak primiparlarda psikospiritüel konforun multiparlara göre daha yüksek olduğu görülmüştür (t=2.044, p=0.042). Ayrıca sezaryen doğum yapan annelerde memnuniyetin artışı ile psikospiritüel konforun da arttığı görülmüştür (r=0.222, p=0.114). Primipar annelerde doğum memnuniyeti arttıkça psikospiritüel konforun da arttığı bulunurken (r=0.353, p=0.001), multipar annelerde doğum memnuniyeti ile doğum sonu konfor ve alt boyutları arasında anlamlı bir ilişki saptanmamıştır (r=0.059, p=0.531; r=0.012, p=0.897; r=0.019, p=0.844; r=0.115, p=0.224). Sonuç: Multipar kadınlarda vajinal doğum yapan annelerin doğum memnuniyetinin daha yüksek olması doğum sürecini bilmesinden kaynaklanıyor olabilir. Primipar vajinal doğum yapan kadınların ilk doğumunu vajinal yaptığı için güçlü hissetmesinden ve multipar sezaryen doğum yapan kadınların da sosyal desteğe sahip olmasından dolayı psikospiritüel konforunun yüksek olduğu tahmin edilmektedir. Sonuçların klinik açıdan önemli bir sonuç olduğu ve hemşire ve ebelerin prenatal dönemde sağlıklı gebeleri doğumun normal sürecine hazırlamada önemli bir rol oynayabileceği düşünülmektedir.Delivery type and parity are important factors affecting satisfaction with birth and postpartum comfort. In studies examining the birth satisfaction and postpartum comfort of women who have vaginal delivery and cesarean, or primipara and multiparous, it is seen that the birth satisfaction and postpartum comfort of women who have vaginal delivery and primipara women are high. The aim was to examine the relationship between birth satisfaction and postpartum comfort of women according to the mode of delivery and parity. Methods: The data of a descriptive and comparative study were collected in the obstetrics clinic of a university hospital between November 2017 and July 2019. Mother Introduction Form, Birth Satisfaction Assessment Form and Postpartum Comfort Scale were applied to 200 postpartum mothers included in the study. Results: It was observed that the mode of delivery (t = 1.110, p = 0.268) and parity (t = 0.812, p = 0.418) did not affect birth satisfaction. While there was no difference in satisfaction with the vaginal or cesarean delivery type of primipara women (t = 0.025, p = 0.980), the birth satisfaction of women who gave vaginal delivery was statistically significantly higher among multiparous women (t = 2.280, p = 0.025). In terms of postpartum comfort, there was no statistical difference between vaginal and cesarean delivery groups (t = 1.841, p = 0.067) and between primipara and multipara (t = 1.518, p = 0.131). However, it was observed that the psychospiritual comfort of primiparas was higher than multiparas (t = 2.044, p = 0.042). There was no significant correlation between birth satisfaction and postpartum comfort and sub-dimensions (r = 0.073, p = 0.526; r = 0.052, p = 0.650; r = 0.002, p = 0.988; r = 0.110, p = 0.338) of women who delivered vaginally. It was observed that with the increase of satisfaction in mothers who had cesarean delivery, psychospiritual comfort also increased (r = 0.222, p = 0.114). While it was found that as the birth satisfaction increased in primipara mothers, psychospiritual comfort increased (r = 0.353, p = 0.001), significant relationship was not found between birth satisfaction and postpartum comfort and sub-dimensions in multiparous mothers (r = 0.059, p = 0.531; r = 0.012, p = 0.897; r = 0.019, p = 0.844; r = 0.115, p = 0.224). Conclusions: The higher satisfaction of mothers who gave vaginal delivery in multiparous women may be due to their knowledge of the birth process. It is estimated that women who was primiparous and had vaginal deliveries felt strong because they had their first vaginal delivery, and women who was multiparous and had cesarean deliveries had social support, so they had high psychospiritual comfort. It is thought that the results are clinically important and that nurses and midwives can play an important role in preparing healthy pregnant women for the normal period of delivery in the prenatal period. Keywords: Vaginal delivery, cesarean delivery, parity, birth satisfaction, postpartum comfort

Current approaches in non-invasive prenatal tests: Nursing, counseling and ethics

Prenatal dönemde uygulanan genetik taramalar ülkemizde ve dünyada hergeçen gün gelişmektedir. Prenatal genetik taramalardaki en güncel yaklaşımlardan birisi non-invaziv prenatal tanı testleridir (NIPT). Süreç içerisindeçiftler için NIPT’in uygulama şekli ve sunulacak genetik danışmanlık konularıoldukça önemlidir. Testin ne olduğu, nasıl yapıldığı, nelerin değerlendirildiğive NIPT’in avantaj ve dezavantajları gibi bilgilerin sağlık hemşireleri tarafından danışmanlık sürecine entegre edilmesi gerekmektedir. Danışmanlıksürecinde hemşirelerin nerede yer aldığı ve ne düzeyde sorumluluk alacağıise tartışmalı bir konudur. Sonuç olarak; sağlık profesyonelleri non-invazivprenatal tanı testleri konusunda gelişmeleri takip ederek, gebelere etik ilkelere uygun danışmanlık vermeli ve farkındalıklarını artırmada aktif rol almalıdır.The genetic screenings applied in the prenatal period develops day by day in our country and in the world. One of the most current approaches to prenatal genetic screening is non-invasive prenatal diagnostic tests (NIPT). The application of NIPT for couples in the process and the genetic counseling issues to be presented are very important. Information such as what the test is, how it is done, what is being assessed and the advantages and disadvantages of the NIPT needs to be integrated into the consulting process by the health personnel. It is controversial where the nurses take part in the consulting process and at what level of responsibility they will take. As a result; nurses professionals should follow the developments in non-invasive prenatal diagnostic tests and should take an active role in providing counseling and increasing awareness in accordance with ethical principles

Do pregnant women’s ınformation sources affect their attitudes toward the oral glucose tolerance test? A descriptive cross-sectional study

WOS:000669660900005The occurrence of gestational diabetes has increased recently. This condition, which can have extremely negative consequences for both mother and baby, can be detected by using an oral glucose tolerance test, and remedial action can be taken to prevent or reduce complications based on the results of the test. However, information about the oral glucose tolerance test (the OGTT) from different sources can negatively affect pregnant women and their families, resulting in their not taking the test. The aim of this study is to determine the knowledge and attitudes of women in the third trimester of pregnancy in relation to the OGTT. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at two university hospitals between October 2017 and June 2018. The voluntary participants comprised 303 pregnant women in the third trimester of pregnancy. The research data were collected using "Demographic Data Collection Form and Determination Form for the OGTT Screening Status of Pregnant Women." The relationship between categorical variables was analyzed using chi-square tests. The percentage of pregnant women who did not have the OGTT monitoring was 32.7%. The main reasons for this were media exposure (28.6%), lack of knowledge (19.4%), and doctor's recommendation (19.4%). Forty-three percent of the pregnant women who did not have the OGTT were not aware of why the test done and 73.3% thought that the OGTT was dangerous for the baby. Of these, 58.8% of pregnant women received the information about the OGTT from doctors and 41.2% from midwives and nurses. A significant difference was found between the OGTT status of women according to their place of residence, number of pregnancies, knowledge about why the OGTT is performed, information sources, and the belief that the test is dangerous to the health of mother and baby (p < 0.05). Not having OGTT screening during pregnancy can lead to irremediable negative complications for the health of both mother and baby