FORMULATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CYCLODEXTRIN BASED CURCUMIN LOADED NANOSPONGE

Objective: The aim of proposed work is to develop and screen cyclodextrin based Nanosponge loaded with poorly soluble anticancer drug and to optimize most suitable Nanosystem with increased solubility and dissolution rate. Methods: Cyclodextrinnanosponge (CDNS) was prepared using pyromelliticdianhydride as a crosslinker for beta cyclodextrin monomer. Cyclodextrinnanosponge and curcumin were taken in 1:1 w/w proportion. The resultant curcumin loaded nanosponges were dried at 50±0.5 °C for 24 h. Results: The absorbance maxima for Curcumin was seen at 424.0 nm and for cyclodextrin was seen at 290.0 nm, The average melting point of pure drug is 181 °C which is complies with Stander melting point of drug and the aspect ratio of the nanosponge was found 1.037. Zeta potential noticed for CUR-CD-NS were more negative contrasted with separate plain CUR (−20.1±1.57) demonstrating solidness of the nanodispersion. Curcumin release from CUR-CDNS was upgraded to very nearly 10 folds toward the finish of 8 hour. Treatment with a combination of CUR-CDNS at 1:1 and 1:3 ratios resulted in an IC50 value was found 14.98 μg/ml. Conclusion: In vitro cytotoxicity study and combination index analysis showed the synergistic effect of CUR-CDNS against MCF-7 cells. The present study reveals that the combination of curcumin results in higher cytotoxicity against breast cancer cells

Musculoskeletal manifestations in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Background: Musculoskeletal complications of diabetes have been generally ignored and poorly treated as compared to other complications. Hence we carried out this study to find the prevalence of musculoskeletal manifestations in type II diabetes mellitus and its correlation with age, BMI, duration of diabetes, and control of diabetes.Methods: 100 consecutive patients of type II diabetes were studied. Duration of diabetes, control of diabetes, and any musculoskeletal complaints were noted. Complete examination with special reference to BMI, waist circumference and waist hip ratio was done. Fasting and postprandial blood sugar and HbA1c was estimated. Correlation of musculoskeletal manifestations with age, BMI, duration of diabetes, and control of diabetes was evaluated and statistical analysis was done.Results: Study shows that the prevalence of musculoskeletal manifestations was 42%. Difficulty with stairs (73 cases) and joint pain (87cases) were the commonest difficulties patients experienced. Most common affected joint was shoulder joint (56%). Adhesive capsulitis (28 cases), tendonitis (15 cases), limited joint mobility (3 cases) were commonest musculoskeletal manifestations. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between musculoskeletal manifestations and age (odds ratio: 4.4), BMI (odds ratio: 9.6), and control of diabetes (odds ratio: 2.61). There was a positive correlation between duration of diabetes and the presence of musculoskeletal manifestations; however it was not statistically significant.Conclusions: Musculoskeletal manifestations are frequent in Type 2 diabetics and have a positive correlation with age, duration of diabetes, control of diabetes, and BMI

Acute toxicity of metasystox to wedge clam, Donax cuneatus from west coast

96h acute toxicity tests were performed using commercial grade metasystox on the marine wedge clam, Donax cuneatus during summer 1985. The behaviour and mortality rates were recorded periodically. Most of the dams responded in opening the shell valves and extending the siphons quicker in low test concentrations (0.004-0.0052 p.p.m) but this was slow and late in high concentrations (0.0056-0.008 p.p.m). Mortality began to occur in 0.008 p.p.m. from 12 h, whereas, in 0.0052 p.p.m. from 60 h onwards. The observed LC sub(0) value was 0.004 p.p.m. and LC sub(50) 0.0064 p.p.m. The regression equation established was Y = 79.0891 + 33.4523 X. The rate of oxygen concentration increased at LC sub(0) and LC sub(50) values compared to control indicating the disturbed physiological adjustment. The results are correlated with physico-chemical parameters of seawater and discussed in the light of pesticide toxicity to the dam

Bioadhesive Buccal Tablets of Aminophylline by Direct Compression Method

Buccal administration of drugs which exhibit a low oral bioavailability is a useful method to achieve higher bioavailability. The objective of present research work is to design and evaluate the prolong release bioadhesive buccal tablet of Aminophylline with goal to increase the bioavalability, reduce dosing frequency and improve patient compliance. Aminophylline is ethylenediamine salt of theophylline. Buccal tablets of aminophylline were prepared by direct compression using different  bioadhesive polymers such as HPMC K4M and Carbopol 934-P. The prepared tablets were subjected to post friability, Hardness thickness, weight variation, drug content and swelling index, bioadhesive strength, In-vitro drug release. Keywords: Aminophylline, HPMC, direct compression method, Swelling index, in-vitro drug release

ADVERSE PREGNANCY OUTCOME AS A RESULT OF ANAEMIA AND HYPERGLYCAEMIA WITH SPECIAL FOCUS ON TIME OF REGISTRATION AND WEIGHT GAIN DURING PREGNANCY

ABSTRACT Introduction: Adverse pregnancy outcome is a result of many factors related to mother that may act concomitantly. Weight gain during pregnancy is one of the important tools to assess course and outcome of pregnancy. Weight gain during pregnancy is affected by many factors; the important being anaemia and hyperglycaemia

Security Issues Facing Computer Users: An Overview

Abstract This paper is a broad overview of several issues pertaining to computer security. There are two types of computer security one is standalone computer security means security of computer when it is not connected with network and second is security of computer when it is connected with network. Using Biometrics methods the computer user can allow only authentication logins. And by using encryption technique the computer users can secure the data in the computer system. With the help of the firewall the computer user can control the incoming and outgoing network traffic by analyzing the data packets and determining whether it should be allowed through or not, based on a predetermined rule set. The overall aim of this paper is to discuss here the security issues facing computer user and methods to secure computer system

Assessment of vitamin B6 status in Korean patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes

The purpose of this study was to assess vitamin B6 intake and status in Korean patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. Sixty-four patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes and 8-11% glycated hemoglobin (A1C), along with 28 age-matched non-diabetic subjects, participated. Dietary vitamin B6 intake was estimated by the 24 hour recall method and plasma pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) was measured. There was a significant difference in daily total calorie intake between the diabetic and non-diabetic groups (1,917 ± 376 vs 2,093 ± 311 kcal). There were no differences in intake of total vitamin B6 (2.51 ± 0.91 vs 2.53 ± 0.81 mg/d) or vitamin B6/1,000 kcal (1.31 ± 0.42 vs 1.20 ± 0.32 mg) between the diabetic and non-diabetic groups, andI intakes of total vitamin B6 were above the Korean RDA in both groups (180.0 ± 57.9 vs 179.0 ± 65.4). There was a higher percentage of diabetic subjects whose plasma PLP concentration was < 30 nmol/L compared to non-diabetic group. Plasma PLP levels tended to be lower in the diabetic subjects than in the non-diabetic subjects, although the difference was not statistically significant due to a large standard deviation (80.0 ± 61.2 nmol/L vs 68.2 ± 38.5 nmol/L). Nevertheless, plasma PLP levels should be monitored in pre-diabetic patients with diabetic risk factors as well as in newly diagnosed diabetic patients for long-term management of diabetes, even though this factor is not a major risk factor that contributes to the development of degenerative complications in certain patients

Diversity in the Enteric Viruses Detected in Outbreaks of Gastroenteritis from Mumbai, Western India

Faecal specimens collected from two outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis that occurred in southern Mumbai, India in March and October, 2006 were tested for seven different enteric viruses. Among the 218 specimens tested, 95 (43.6%) were positive, 73 (76.8%) for a single virus and 22 (23.2%) for multiple viruses. Single viral infections in both, March and October showed predominance of enterovirus (EV, 33.3% and 40%) and rotavirus A (RVA, 33.3% and 25%). The other viruses detected in these months were norovirus (NoV, 12.1% and 10%), rotavirus B (RVB, 12.1% and 10%), enteric adenovirus (AdV, 6.1% and 7.5%), Aichivirus (AiV, 3% and 7.5%) and human astrovirus (HAstV, 3% and 0%). Mixed viral infections were largely represented by two viruses (84.6% and 88.9%), a small proportion showed presence of three (7.7% and 11%) and four (7.7% and 0%) viruses in the two outbreaks. Genotyping of the viruses revealed predominance of RVA G2P[4], RVB G2 (Indian Bangladeshi lineage), NoV GII.4, AdV-40, HAstV-8 and AiV B types. VP1/2A junction region based genotyping showed presence of 11 different serotypes of EVs. Although no virus was detected in the tested water samples, examination of both water and sewage pipelines in gastroenteritis affected localities indicated leakages and possibility of contamination of drinking water with sewage water. Coexistence of multiple enteric viruses during the two outbreaks of gastroenteritis emphasizes the need to expand such investigations to other parts of India