L'Auto-vélo : automobilisme, cyclisme, athlétisme, yachting, aérostation, escrime, hippisme / dir. Henri Desgranges

13 juin 19401940/06/13 (A41,N14419)

ROS production (10X, scale bar = 100 μm) (A) and callose deposition in leaves (20X, scale bar = 200 μm). (B) of rice.

<p>Different treatments used in the study included only rutin (Ru), only <i>B</i>. <i>subtilis</i> (BS), combined application of Ru+BS and healthy control. Black arrows denote callose deposition in different treatments.</p

Morphology of biofilm formed examined by light microscopy.

<p>Bacterial biofilms were grown in the absence or presence of 1 pM rutin. (A1-A2) Fluorescent microscope images; (B1-B2) CV-stained light microscope images; (C1-C2) MB-stained light microscope. (20X, scale bar = 200 μm).</p

Effect of rutin on swimming (a), swarming (b), and twitching (c) of <i>B</i>. <i>subtilis</i> CIM.

<p>Cells were inoculated at the center of the agar media with or without rutin and incubated at 30°C for 20–24h.</p

Rice Seed Priming with Picomolar Rutin Enhances Rhizospheric <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> CIM Colonization and Plant Growth

<div><p>The effect of rutin, a bioflavonoid on the growth and biofilm formation of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> strain CIM was investigated. In addition to swimming, swarming, and twitching potentials of <i>B</i>. <i>subtilis</i> CIM (BS), one picomolar (1 pM) of rutin was also observed to boost the biofilm forming ability of the bacterium. Bio-priming of rice seeds with BS and rutin not only augmented root and shoot lengths but also the photosynthetic pigments like chlorophyll and carotenoid. Similarly, high accumulation of phenolic and flavonoid contents was observed in the leaves. Fluorescent microscopic images revealed that BS plus rutin enhanced callose deposition in the leaves. It was also established that the least formation of reactive oxygen species in BS plus rutin treated rice plants was due to higher free radicals scavenging activity and total antioxidant potential. The results highlight chemo attractant nature of BS towards rutin, which by enhancing biofilm formation and root colonization indirectly strengthened the plants’ defensive state.</p></div

(a) Free radical scavenging activity and (b) total antioxidant capacity of rice.

<p>Different treatments used in the study included only rutin (Ru), only <i>B</i>. <i>subtilis</i> (BS), combined application of BS+Ru and healthy control.</p

Schematic representation of the interactive mechanism of action of rutin and <i>B</i>. <i>subtilis</i> CIM.

<p>Schematic representation of the interactive mechanism of action of rutin and <i>B</i>. <i>subtilis</i> CIM.</p

Agar plate assay showing chemotactic response of <i>B</i>. <i>subtilis</i> CIM towards 1 pM rutin.

<p>The filter paper having attractant was put on the right, water was put on the left and bacterium was spot inoculated in the middle.</p

Effect of rutin on (a) colony forming units (CFU) and (b) biofilm quantification of <i>B</i>. <i>subtilis</i> CIM.

<p>Biofilm quantification was determined by crystal violet staining.</p

Comparison of growth and biochemical parameters between different treatments.

<p>(A) Effect of different treatments on plant growth promoting traits of rice. (B) (a) Total chlorophyll, (b) carotenoid content, (c) total phenolic and (d) total flavonoid content of rice after treatment with rutin (Ru), <i>B</i>. <i>subtilis</i> (BS), Ru+BS and control.</p