An Assessment to Human Perception to the Origin of Coronavirus by the Impact of Climate Change and Preventative Management of Pandemic Coronavirus COVID-19

On 12 January 2020, the WHO confirmed that a novel coronavirus was the cause of a respiratory illness in a cluster of people in Wuhan City, China. The aims of the study to assess the human perception to the origin of Coronavirus with relation to nature and find out preventative management about coronavirus. Primary data was collected for analyzing some factors regarding the Coronavirus microorganism formed by the impact of climate change. Primary data was collected through an online questionnaire survey. An online questionnaire survey is used for human perception for taking public opinion about the origin of Coronavirus and preventative management which are conducted in Bangladesh. SPSS software is used for Linear Regression analysis and correlation with some variables. A total of three variables were considered in the model estimation of which are dependent variables Coronavirus microorganism formed by the impact of climate change and independent variables such as Coronavirus microorganism formed by the impact of environmental pollution, Coronavirus microorganism formed by the impact of global heat and Coronavirus microorganism originated by the sources of the impact of ice melting polar region. From the analysis, it is found that the Coronavirus microorganism formed by the impact of climate change that makes a unique and statistically significant contribution to the prediction. Among 200 respondents, about 70% of peoples said “Maybe” Coronavirus microorganism formed by the impact of climate change, and it’s some factor. It is also found from the correlation analysis that the epidemic effects of COVID-19 will high on Bangladesh, if immigrant persons come, if Curfew doesn’t issue, if peoples are not conscious, if peoples are not properly using mask and hand gloves, if they are not maintaining social distance and lock down rules. In the finding that, in the polar region, there are many ice stacks where thousands of years ago, the animals are dead but the virus and bacteria are in a state of sleep. As the heat increases, all glaciers and permafrost start to melt in the Polar region. As a result, many types of viruses, bacteria are starting to live. These viruses including Coronavirus will be mixed with different environmental elements such as water, biodiversity. This will easily affect biodiversity and other animals including humans. Above all Climate change may play a significant role in the transmission of many infectious diseases including Coronavirus. Community responses are important for outbreak management during the early phase of major preventive options

Shape anisotropy effect on magnetic domain wall dynamics in nanowires under thermal gradient

We investigate the magnetic-domain wall (DW) dynamics in uniaxial/biaxial-nanowires under a thermal gradient (TG). The findings reveal that the DW propagates toward the hotter region in both nanowires. In uniaxial-nanowire, the DW propagates accompanying a rotation of the DW-plane. In biaxial nanowire, DW propagates in the hotter region, and the so-called Walker breakdown phenomenon is observed. The main physics of such DW dynamics is the magnonic angular momentum transfer to the DW. The hard (shape) anisotropy exists in biaxial-nanowire, which contributes an additional torque; hence DW speed is larger than that in uniaxial-nanowire. But rotational speed is lower initially as hard anisotropy suppresses the DW-rotation. After certain TG, DW-plane overcomes the hard anisotropy; thus, the rotational speed increases again. DW dynamics show a decreasing trend with the damping since the magnon propagation length decreases. Therefore, the above findings might be useful to realize the spintronics (i.e., fast racetrack memory) devices

Botanicals to Control Soft Rot Bacteria of Potato

Extracts from eleven different plant species such as jute (Corchorus capsularis L.), cheerota (Swertia chiraita Ham.), chatim (Alstonia scholaris L.), mander (Erythrina variegata), bael (Aegle marmelos L.), marigold (Tagetes erecta), onion (Allium cepa), garlic (Allium sativum L.), neem (Azadiracta indica), lime (Citrus aurantifolia), and turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) were tested for antibacterial activity against potato soft rot bacteria, E. carotovora subsp. carotovora (Ecc) P-138, under in vitro and storage conditions. Previously, Ecc P-138 was identified as the most aggressive soft rot bacterium in Bangladeshi potatoes. Of the 11 different plant extracts, only extracts from dried jute leaves and cheerota significantly inhibited growth of Ecc P-138 in vitro. Finally, both plant extracts were tested to control the soft rot disease of potato tuber under storage conditions. In a 22-week storage condition, the treated potatoes were significantly more protected against the soft rot infection than those of untreated samples in terms of infection rate and weight loss. The jute leaf extracts showed more pronounced inhibitory effects on Ecc-138 growth both in in vitro and storage experiments

Isolation, Characterization, and Identification of Biological Control Agent for Potato Soft Rot in Bangladesh

A total of 91 isolates of probable antagonistic bacteria of potato soft rot bacterium Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora (Ecc) were extracted from rhizospheres and endophytes of various crop plants, different soil varieties, and atmospheres in the potato farming areas of Bangladesh. Antibacterial activity of the isolated probable antagonistic bacteria was tested in vitro against the previously identified most common and most virulent soft rot causing bacterial strain Ecc P-138. Only two isolates E-45 and E-65 significantly inhibited the in vitro growth of Ecc P-138. Physiological, biochemical, and carbon source utilization tests identified isolate E-65 as a member of the genus Bacillus and the isolate E-45 as Lactobacillus sp. The stronger antagonistic activity against Ecc P-138 was found in E-65 in vitro screening and storage potatoes. E-65 reduced the soft rot infection to 22-week storage potatoes of different varieties by 32.5–62.5% in model experiment, demonstrating its strong potential to be used as an effective biological control agent for the major pectolytic bacteria Ecc. The highest (62.5%) antagonistic effect of E-65 was observed in the Granola and the lowest (32.7%) of that was found in the Cardinal varieties of the Bangladeshi potatoes. The findings suggest that isolate E-65 could be exploited as a biocontrol agent for potato tubers

Effects of Honey-Spices Marination on Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Heterocyclic Amines Formation in Gas-Grilled Beef Satay

The effects of honey-spices marination on simultaneous formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heterocyclic amines (HCAs) in gas-grilled beef satay were investigated at different grilling temperatures (150 °C, 250 °C, and 350 °C). Beef satay samples used in this study were prepared using two types of honey-spices marination (Apis mellifera-spices and Trigona sp.-spices). Quantifications of fifteen PAHs using high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD) and nine HCAs using liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) were performed with gradient programme. Results on PAHs and HCAs in marinated samples were compared with control. Highest concentrations (p < 0.05) of PAHs (marinated beef satay) and HCAs (control) were detected at 350 °C. The most prominent PAH and HCA were phenanthrene (24.61–84.36 ng/g) and 9H-pyrido-[4,3-b]indole (Norharman) (2.67–393.89 ng/g). Marination significantly (p < 0.05) reduced naphthalene, fluorene, pyrene, 2-amino-9H-pyrido[2,3-b]indole (AαC), 1-methyl-9H-pyrido-[4,3-b]indole (Harman), and Norharman in gas-grilled beef satay across all temperatures. Overall, inverse quantitative profiles of PAHs and HCAs formation were observed in marinated gas-grilled beef satay

Changes in microstructures of rambutan seed and the quality of its fat during drying

The application of pre-treatment on oilseeds prior to extraction process may exert undesirable impact towards the quality of oils as well as microstructures of seed. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the efects of three drying methods on the microstructures of rambutan seeds and its efects on physicochemical properties of rambutan seed fat (RSF). The fats that being pre-treated with three diferent drying methods showed shrinkage or alteration of porous structure in terms of size, shape, and diameter. The diferences between the RSF pre-treated with oven-, freeze-, and cabinet drying RSF were in fatty acids (oleic and arachidic acids), and free fatty acid (1.56–1.80 mg KOH/g fat). From the results obtained, the useful information regarding to the efects of pre-treatment on RSF, which is a potent ingredient to be used as a cocoa butter substitute in the formulation of chocolate in the confectionery industries. Moreover, the outcomes of this work able to provide information for better grasp about the correlation of drying methods and quality of RSFs, as well as its applications in other food industries

A review on the contribution of crop diversification to Sustainable Development Goal 1 “No poverty” in different world regions

I am grateful to Professor Maggie Gill and Dr Leslie Lipper for initial discussions, to Dr Leslie Lipper for arranging the meetings with the experts at the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and to the experts at FAO for the valuable discussions on the topic. I would also like to thank Kirsten MacSween for revising the English. This research has been funded by the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), NE/N005619/1.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Identification of bioactive compounds with GC Q-TOF MS in the extracts from Clinacanthus nutans using subcritical carbon dioxide extraction

Subcritical carbon dioxide Soxhlet extraction of biologically active compounds from Clincanthus nutans was investigated by full factorial design to identify and optimize the factors (particle size and co-solvent) affecting extract yield, antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. An average of 3.103% yield, 98.90% antioxidant activity, 49.40 mg/g (GAE) TPC, 43.76 mg/g (RE), and 88.58% AGI activity can be achieved using the optimum levels of independent variables. The GC-Q-TOF MS identification of optimized extract shown that different classes of phytoconstituents were successfully separated by CO2-Soxhlet to produce potential antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity