Dodin fungusitinin Vicia faba L. bitkisinde total protein miktarı ve peroksidaz aktivitesi üzerine etkisi

Bu araştırmada dodin fungusitinin Vicia faba L. fizyolojisi üzerindeki etkisi, total protein miktarı ve peroksidaz (POX) aktivitesi aracılığıyla değerlendirilmiştir. Bu doğrultuda, dört haftalık V. faba fideleri 0.04 mL/L, 0.08 mL/L ve 0.16 mL/L'lik dodin konsantrasyonları ile muamele edilmiştir. Bu işlemlerden sonra bitki örneklerinin yaprakları 24, 48 ve 72 saat ara ile hasat edilmiştir. Yapılan analizler sonucunda, artan dodin konsantrasyonu ve muamele süresiyle total protein miktarı kontrole göre önemli ölçüde azalırken, peroksidaz aktivitesi yükselmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar dodinin bitki savunma sistemini uyardığını göstermiştir.This research was to evaluate the effects of dodine on the physiology of Vicia faba L. through total protein content and peroxidase (POX) activity. According to this, four weeks old seedlings were treated with 0.04 mL/L, 0.08 mL/L and 0.16 mL/L concentrations of dodine. Then, the leaves of plant samples were harvested with 24, 48 and 72 hours intervals. Our results have showed that while the total protein content were decreased significantly, POX activity was increased with the increased concentration of dodine and exposure time when compared with control seedlings. This research have shown that dodine can stimulate the plant defense system

Assessment of The Genetic Stability of Indirect Shoot Organogenesis-Derived Plantlets of Digitalis Trojana Ivanina by Flow Cytometry and Cytological Analyses

Bu çalışmada, Digitalis trojana Ivanina türüne ait dolaylı sürgün organogenezis ile üretilen bitkilerin genetik kararlılığı flow sitometri ve sitolojik analizler ile değerlendirilmiştir. İlk aşamada yaprak eksplantları 3 mg/L BA + 0,1 mg/L NAA içeren MS besin ortamında kültüre alınmıştır. Bu ortamda dolaylı organogenez yoluyla oluşan sürgünler 2 haftada bir altkültüre alınarak çoğaltılmıştır. Bitkiler % 0.1 aktif karbon içeren MS besin ortamında köklendirilmiştir. Üretilen bitkilerin genetik kararlılığı flow sitometri ve sitolojik analizler ile tohumdan yetiştirilen D. trojana bitki örnekleri ile karşılaştırılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Flow sitometri analizinde, in vitro üretilen bitki örneklerinin DNA içeriği 2.80±0.03 piko gram, tohumdan yetiştirilen bitki örneklerinin DNA içeriği ise 2.80±0.1 piko gram belirlenmiştir. Bitkinin mikroskop ile yapılan mitoz kromozomu sayımlarında kromozom sayısının 56 olduğu ve in vitro üretilen bitkilerin kromozom sayısında bir değişiklik olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Yapılan analizler sonucunda 3 mg/L BA + 0,1 mg/L NAA içeren MS besin ortamında üretilen bitkilerde genetik farklılık görülmemiştir. Yapılan bu çalışma ile D. trojana türünün ilk kez DNA içeriği ve kromozom sayısı belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, türün in vitro kültüre alınması sırasında kültür koşullarından dolayı meydana gelebilecek olan genetik varyasyonların analizinde flow sitometrinin kullanılabileceğini göstermektedir.In this study, flow cytometry and cytological analysis was used to evaluate the genetic stability of Digitalis trojana Ivanina plants regenerated via indirect shoot organogenesis. For in vitro propagation, leaf explants were excised from seedlings grown in sterile conditions and cultured MS medium supplemented with 3.0 mg/L BA + 0.1 mg/L NAA. Shoots and calli were subcultured for a period of 2 weeks for shoot multiplication. For rooting, shoots were separated individually and transferred to MS medium containing 0.1% activated charcoal. Genetic stability of the regenerated plants was assessed by flow cytometry and cytological analyses. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that regenerated plantlets has as 2.80±0.03 pg nuclear DNA (2C) and seed-derived plants has on average 2.80±0.1 pg/2C. Cytological analysis showed that regenerated plantlets have the same number of chromosome with seed-derived plantlets of D. trojana (2n=56). Our results have showed that the plantlets propagated in MS medium with 3 mg/L BA + 0.1 mg/L NAA did not differ genetically from donor plants. Therefore, this system can be effective and suitable for clonal propagation of D. trojana. Our results also confirmed that flow cytometry is fast, easy, accurate and relatively cheap method to determine ploidy of in vitro propagated D. trojana plantlets

Assessment of the genetic stability of indirect shoot organogenesis-derived plantlets of digitalis trojana ivanina by flow cytometry and cytological analyses

In this study, flow cytometry and cytological analysis was used to evaluate the genetic stability of Digitalis trojana Ivanina plants regenerated via indirect shoot organogenesis. For in vitro propagation, leaf explants were excised from seedlings grown in sterile conditions and cultured MS medium supplemented with 3.0 mg/L BA + 0.1 mg/L NAA. Shoots and calli were subcultured for a period of 2 weeks for shoot multiplication. For rooting, shoots were separated individually and transferred to MS medium containing 0.1% activated charcoal. Genetic stability of the regenerated plants was assessed by flow cytometry and cytological analyses. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that regenerated plantlets has as 2.80±0.03 pg nuclear DNA (2C) and seed-derived plants has on average 2.80±0.1 pg/2C. Cytological analysis showed that regenerated plantlets have the same number of chromosome with seed-derived plantlets of D. trojana (2n=56). Our results have showed that the plantlets propagated in MS medium with 3 mg/L BA + 0.1 mg/L NAA did not differ genetically from donor plants. Therefore, this system can be effective and suitable for clonal propagation of D. trojana. Our results also confirmed that flow cytometry is fast, easy, accurate and relatively cheap method to determine ploidy of in vitro propagated D. trojana plantlets. © 2017 Namik Kemal University - Agricultural Faculty. All Rights Reserved

Evaluation of genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of dodine (1-dodecylguanidium acetate) by Allium test

In this study, we evaluated the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of dodine, a fungicide extensively used to control scab on apples, pears and pecans, brown rot on peaches and several foliar diseases of cherries, strawberries, peaches and black walnuts. For this purpose the Allium cepa test was carried out exposing roots to dodine for 24,48 and 72 h at the concentrations of EC50/2, EC50 and 2×EC50. The mitotic index was calculated as the number of dividing cells per number of 3000-4000 observed cells and the mitotic aberrations also were scored at each concentration. The results showed that dodine induced significant increases of mitotic aberrations such as C-mitosis, polar shifting, laggard chromosome and chromosome fragments. In addition, mitotic index decreased significantly with increasing of concentration and the exposure time as compared to their controls. Hence dodine should be used under control in agricultural fields due to its possible toxic effects. © by PSP

EVALUATION OF GENOTOXICITY AND CYTOTOXICITY OF DODINE (1-dodecylguanidium acetate) BY Allium TEST

In this study, we evaluated the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of dodine, a fungicide extensively used to control scab on apples, pears and pecans, brown rot on peaches and several foliar diseases of cherries, strawberries, peaches and black walnuts. For this purpose the Allium cepa test was carried out exposing roots to dodine for 24, 48 and 72 h at the concentrations of EC50/2, EC50 and 2xEC(50). The mitotic index was calculated as the number of dividing cells per number of 3000-4000 observed cells and the mitotic aberrations also were scored at each concentration. The results showed that dodine induced significant increases of mitotic aberrations such as C-mitosis, polar shifting, laggard chromosome and chromosome fragments. In addition, mitotic index decreased significantly with increasing of concentration and the exposure time as compared to their controls. Hence dodine should be used under control in agricultural fields due to its possible toxic effects

In vitro propagation of Silene bolanthoides Quézel, Contandr. & Pamukç. and assessment of genetic stability by flow cytometry

The non-target effects of 5-aza-2´-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dC), an epigenetically effective agent, were assessed on different life-history traits of two successive generations of Achroia grisella F. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) by trophic exposure. The results did not reveal any prominent effect of 5-Aza-dC on emergence times and morphological disorders of offspring of both sexes, and dry weight of F1 females (except for 0.1 mg/ml) and males according to controls. However, 5-Aza-dC caused a considerable decrease in wet weight of F1 females at >0.1 mg/mL and in F1 males only at 0.5 mg/mL. The mean longevity of F1 and F2 females was almost unchanged after exposure to 5-Aza-dC treatment. However, the longevity was considerably shorter, by 16% at a dose of 0.75 mg/mL for F1 males and 28% longer at 1.0 mg/mL for F2 males with respect to the controls. When the two generations were compared with each other in terms of adult longevity, the differences were not significant for the longevity of females, whereas F2 males lived significantly longer than F1 males in all groups except for the control and 0.5 mg/mL groups. 5-Aza-dC also markedly decreased the total number of both offspring but no dose-related alterations were observed. Analysis of the data for the number of viable and damaged eggs laid per F1 females revealed that 5-Aza-dC adversely affected the reproductive potential of A. grisella based on daily and three-day observations. The most striking effect was a decline in fecundity of females by 57% at 1.0 mg/mL. These observations suggest that 5-Aza-dC has a negative effect on developing moth progeny across trophic levels

In vitro propagation of Silene bolanthoides Quézel, Contandr. & Pamukç. and assessment of genetic stability by flow cytometry

Silene bolanthoides Quezel, Contandr. & Pamukc. is an endemic species from Kazdagi (Mt. Ida), Canakkale-Balikesir, Turkey. In order to develop an efficient shoot regeneration protocol, the leaf, nodal and internodal explants of S. bolanthoides were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing benzyladenine (BA) alone or in combination with alpha-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). The highest number of regenerated shoots (5.75 +/- 0.1) was obtained from nodal explants that were cultured on MS medium with 8.8 mu M BA+0.54 mu M NAA. Regenerated shoots were rooted on MS medium without plant growth regulators (PGRs). Rooted plants (2-3 cm) were separately transferred to pots containing a mixture of peat and perlite (3:1 v/v) and acclimatized successfully in a growth chamber. Genetic stability of the propagated plants was assessed by flow cytometry and cytological analysis. Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that regenerated plants had 2.61 +/- 0.01 pg nuclear DNA (2C) and seed-derived plants had on average 2.58 +/- 0.02 pg/2C. Cytological analysis showed that the regenerated plants had the same chromosome number as seed-derived plants of S. bolanthoides (2n=24). It was determined that regenerated plants were uniform in chromosome number and had a similar DNA content to the seed-derived ones, indicating that the described efficient shoot regeneration protocol can be applied for ex situ conservation of this species

Dodin fungusitinin Vicia faba L. bitkisinde total protein miktarı ve peroksidaz aktivitesi üzerine etkisi

Bu araştırmada dodin fungusitinin Vicia faba L. fizyolojisi üzerindeki etkisi, total protein miktarı ve peroksidaz (POX) aktivitesi aracılığıyla değerlendirilmiştir. Bu doğrultuda, dört haftalık V. faba fideleri 0.04 mL/L, 0.08 mL/L ve 0.16 mL/L’lik dodin konsantrasyonları ile muamele edilmiştir. Bu işlemlerden sonra bitki örneklerinin yaprakları 24, 48 ve 72 saat ara ile hasat edilmiştir. Yapılan analizler sonucunda, artan dodin konsantrasyonu ve muamele süresiyle total protein miktarı kontrole göre önemli ölçüde azalırken, peroksidaz aktivitesi yükselmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar dodinin bitki savunma sistemini uyardığını göstermiştir

In vitro propagation of Silene bolanthoides Quezel, Contandr. & Pamukc. and assessment of genetic stability by flow cytometry

Silene bolanthoides Quezel, Contandr. & Pamukc. is an endemic species from Kazdagi (Mt. Ida), Canakkale-Balikesir, Turkey. In order to develop an efficient shoot regeneration protocol, the leaf, nodal and internodal explants of S. bolanthoides were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing benzyladenine (BA) alone or in combination with alpha-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). The highest number of regenerated shoots (5.75 +/- 0.1) was obtained from nodal explants that were cultured on MS medium with 8.8 mu M BA+0.54 mu M NAA. Regenerated shoots were rooted on MS medium without plant growth regulators (PGRs). Rooted plants (2-3 cm) were separately transferred to pots containing a mixture of peat and perlite (3:1 v/v) and acclimatized successfully in a growth chamber. Genetic stability of the propagated plants was assessed by flow cytometry and cytological analysis. Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that regenerated plants had 2.61 +/- 0.01 pg nuclear DNA (2C) and seed-derived plants had on average 2.58 +/- 0.02 pg/2C. Cytological analysis showed that the regenerated plants had the same chromosome number as seed-derived plants of S. bolanthoides (2n=24). It was determined that regenerated plants were uniform in chromosome number and had a similar DNA content to the seed-derived ones, indicating that the described efficient shoot regeneration protocol can be applied for ex situ conservation of this species