Capillary electrophoresis for the assay of fixed-dose combination tablets of artesunate and amodiaquine

BACKGROUND: Quality control of drugs in formulations is still a major challenge in developing countries. For the quality control of artesunate and amodiaquine tablets in fixed-dose combination, only liquid chromatographic methods have been proposed in the literature. There are no capillary electrophoretic methods reported for the determination of these active substances, although this technique presents several advantages over liquid chromatography (long lifetime, low price of the capillary, low volumes of electrolyte consumption) in addition to simplicity. In this paper, a reliable capillary electrophoresis method has been developed and validated for the quality control of these drugs in commercial fixed-dose combination tablets. METHODS: Artesunate and amodiaquine hydrochloride in bilayer tablets were determined by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MEKC). Analytes were extracted from tablets by sonication with a solvent mixture phosphate buffer pH 7.0-acetonitrile containing benzoic acid as internal standard. Separation was carried out on Beckman capillary electrophoresis system equipped with fused silica capillary, 30 cm long (20 cm to detector) × 50 μm internal diameter, using a 25 mM borate buffer pH 9.2 containing 30 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate as background electrolyte, a 500 V cm(−1) electric field and a detection wavelength of 214 nm. RESULTS: Artesunate, amodiaquine and benzoic acid were separated in 6 min. The method was found to be reliable with respect to specificity,linearity of the calibration line (r(2) > 0.995), recovery from synthetic tablets (in the range 98–102%), repeatability (RSD 2–3%, n = 7 analytical procedures). Application to four batches of commercial formulations with different dosages gave content in good agreement with the declared content. CONCLUSION: The MEKC method proposed is reliable for the determination of artesunate and amodiaquine hydrochloride in fixed-dose combination tablets. The method is well-suited for drug quality control and detection of counterfeit or substandard medicines

Fat Content and Fatty Acids Profile in Follow-on Formulas Commercialized in Côte d'Ivoire

This study evaluates the follow-on formula for infants. These products are available under several brands in the Ivorian market. In order to verify their conformity to the WHO standards a post-market control by gravimetric method and gas chromatography with mass spectrometry is executed to evaluate the quantity and quality of fat products contained in the milks of brands available in Côte d’Ivoire. Out of the nine brands of milks analyzed, only four of them were close to the values revealed by their manufacturers, whereas the other products had their values below their respective indications

Capillary electrophoresis methods for the analysis of antimalarials. Part II. Achiral separative methods

International audienceAn exhaustive review of applications of achiral capillary electrophoresis methods to the analysis of antimalarials is presented. It covers quality control of formulations, analysis in biological fluids and food, determination of physico-chemical properties (pKa, partition coefficient and interaction studies). Miscellaneous applications are also considered

Capillary electrophoresis methods for the analysis of antimalarials. Part I. Chiral separation methods.

International audienceThis paper presents an overview on the current status of enantiomeric and diastereomeric separations of chiral antimalarials and derivatives by capillary electrophoresis (CE). The wide variety of chiral selectors which have been employed to resolve successfully antimalarial enantiomers: oligosaccharides (cyclodextrins, oligomaltodextrins), neutral (amylose, dextrin and dextran) and charged (chondroitin sulfate, heparin, dextran sulfate) polysaccharides and proteins are reviewed. Cyclodextrins were the most employed. Chiral additives added to the background electrolyte often facilitated separations of quinine/quinidine and cinchonine/cinchonidine diastereomers. However, in a few cases, using micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography or non aqueous CE, resolution of diastereomers could be achieved without additives. Quantitative applications of CE to the quality control of antimalarial drugs and their analysis in biological and food matrices are presented

Capillary zone electrophoresis as a potential technique for the simultaneous determination of sulfadoxine and pyrimethamine in tablet formulations

International audienceA novel, simple and rapid capillary zone electrophoresis method with UV detection has been developed for the simultaneous determination of pyrimethamine and sulfadoxine in tablet formulations. The compounds are separated in 6 min in a fused silica capillary, 30 cm long (20 cm to detector) x 50 μm using a 100 mM phosphate buffer pH 7.2 as background electrolyte, a 330 V cm--1 electric field and a detection wavelength of 214 nm. Analysis of different tablet formulations has shown a good agreement with the liquid chromatography method described in the United States Pharmacopoeia. Main advantages of the CZE method are the rapid set-up of instrumentation and capillary equilibration, short analysis time and low running cost

Determination of artemether and lumefantrine in anti-malarial fixed-dose combination tablets by microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography with short-end injection procedure

International audienceBackground Artemether-lumefantrine (AL) combination therapy is now the most used anti-malarial treatment in the world. Quality control of AL formulations is still a major challenge in developing countries. Until now, only liquid chromatographic methods have been reported in the literature for their analysis. Capillary electrophoretic methods, which present various advantages (low price of capillary, low volumes of electrolyte consumption), may be an alternative to liquid chromatography methods. In this paper, a reliable method was developed and validated for the determination of AL in commercial fixed-dose combination tablets commercialized in Côte d’Ivoire. Methods Artemether and lumefantrine were determined by microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography using short-end injection procedure. The two analytes were extracted from tablets by acidified methanol. Pyrimethamine was used as internal standard. Separation was carried out in an uncoated fused silica capillary, 30 cm long × 50 μm internal diameter, using an effective length of 10 cm and a microemulsion composed of octane, butanol, sodium dodecyl sulfate and borate buffer as background electrolyte, a - 500 V.cm -1 electric field and a detection wavelength of 214 nm. Results Artemether, lumefantrine and pyrimethamine were separated in 6 min. The method was reliable with respect to selectivity towards formulation excipients, linearity of the response function (r 2 > 0.998), recovery studies from synthetic tablets (in the range 99–101%), repeatability (relative standard deviation 1–3%, n = 7 analytical procedures). Application to four commercial formulations containing 20/120 mg of AL per tablet gave a content in good agreement with the declared content. However, the electropherogram of one tablet formulation showed the presence of an ingredient which was not declared. Conclusion The developed MEEKC method can be proposed as an alternative method to liquid chromatography for the determination of artemether and lumefantrine in fixed-dose combination tablet formulations

Validation d’une methode de dosage du chlorhydrate de tramadol dans les formes pharmaceutiques seches commercialisees en Cote d’Ivoire

Le chlorhydrate de tramadol est un médicament analgésique essentiel utilisé efficacement contre les douleurs modérées à sévères, souvent associées à la chirurgie. Il est couramment prescrit en milieu hospitalier en Côte d’Ivoire conduisant à d’importantes importations de diverses formes pharmaceutiques. Une méthode de Chromatographie Liquide a été validée et appliquée à l’analyse des formes orales sèches (comprimés et gélules) à base de chlorhydrate de tramadol disponible dans les officines de pharmacie, dans le but de lutter efficacement contre l’importation de médicaments de mauvaise qualité et les contrefaçons. La méthode d’analyse a été validée sur une colonne octadécylsylanisée (250 mm×4,6 mm, 5 μm) utilisant une phase mobile constituée du mélange acétonitrile/tampon phosphate (60 :40, v/v). Le débit a été fixé à 0,5 ml/min et la longueur d’onde de détection UV à 226 nm. L’application de la méthode aux échantillons de médicaments à base de chlorhydrate de tramadol a révélé des sous-dosages, non conformes aux spécifications.   English title: Validation of tramadol hydrochloride dosage method in dried pharmaceutical forms commercialized in Cote d’Ivoire Tramadol hydrochloride is an essential analgesic drug used effectively against pain. It is constantly prescribed in hospital Côte d’Ivoire leading to imports of various pharmaceutical presentation in the country. HPLC method has been validated for the analysis of tramadol hydrochloride tablets and capsules in order to combat the importation of counterfeits. The method was carried out on an octadecylsylanized column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) using a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile / phosphate buffer (60:40, v/v). The flow rate was set at 0.5 ml / min and the UV detection wavelength at 226 nm. Application of the method to drugs samples containing tramadol hydrochloride revealed underdosages, not meeting specificatio

Chronic malnutrition among children under five years of age in the northern part of Côte d’Ivoire

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Malnutrition chronique chez les enfants de moins de 5 ans au nord de la Côte d'Ivoire

The malnutrition of children under five years of age constitutes a major public health problem in most developing countries. A cross-section study was carried in 2003 in the northern part of Cote d'lvoire to determine the prevalence of chronic malnutrition and to identify risk factors among children under five years of age living in urban and rural areas of the northern part of Cote d'lvoire. A total of 292 and 268 children under five years of age residing respectively in urban and rural areas were included in the study. Their median age was 24 months. Chronic malnutrition was more frequent in children from rural areas (39,9%) than in those living in urban areas (16,7%). Malnutrition was significantly associated with the type of food consumed by children under two years of age in urban areas, and it was strongly linked to emaciation of the mother and presence of childhood fever In rural areas. In light of these results, we advocate a healthy diet and adequate health status for the mother and child to Improve the nutritional status of children. Moreover, these results need to be completed and complemented by further studies for more detailed information to contribute to a better definition of actions to fight efficiently against malnutrition among children of the northern part of Cote d'lvoire.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe