A 2,2′-bipyridine-palladacycle catalyzed the coupling of arylboronic acids with nitroarenes

AbstractA novel palladium-catalyzed protocol for the synthesis of diaryl ethers derivatives has been developed. In the presence of 2,2′-bipyridine-cyclopalladated ferrocenylimine complex (Cat. Ic), diaryl ethers were selectively generated by adjusting reaction parameters through the coupling of arylboronic acids and nitroarenes with yields ranging from poor to good. The efficiency of this reaction was demonstrated by its compatibility with a range of groups. Moreover, the rigorous exclusion of air or moisture was not required in these transformations

Research Progress on Water–Fertilizer Coupling and Crop Quality Improvement and Its Implication for the Karst Rock Desertification Control

An important problem currently faced by karst rocky desertification management is the degradation of vegetation fruits, which encourages the search for a solution for the sustainable growth of vegetation. Water and fertilizer are key factors affecting crop quality (the formation of soluble solids, protein, amino acids, soluble sugar content, etc.). A comprehensive review of research related to water–fertilizer coupling and crop quality improvement may be beneficial for rocky desertification control. This study analyzed 427 related papers, and the results showed that: (1) the number of published papers showed an “S” curve growth trend over time, indicating that research in the field of water–fertilizer coupling has entered a mature stage after rapid growth, yet it is still in the initial stage in karst areas; (2) the research was mainly theoretical, but also included technology research and development, model construction, demonstration and extension, and monitoring and evaluation; (3) except for research related to greenhouse facilities, the research areas are mainly located in arid and semi-arid regions. The study further revealed (4) the frontier theory of water–fertilizer coupling and crop quality research. Finally, it was found that the theoretical and technical studies related to water–fertilizer coupling and crop quality improvement in karst areas are insufficient. Whether the existing theories and techniques are applicable to karst areas needs further verification. In addition to the areas of selecting germplasm with high water/fertilizer utilization efficiency and tolerance to rocky desertification, further improvement in the dynamic model of water–fertilizer coupling and the construction of a more applicable water–fertilizer coupling model could also be future research hotspots

Research Progress on Water–Fertilizer Coupling and Crop Quality Improvement and Its Implication for the Karst Rock Desertification Control

An important problem currently faced by karst rocky desertification management is the degradation of vegetation fruits, which encourages the search for a solution for the sustainable growth of vegetation. Water and fertilizer are key factors affecting crop quality (the formation of soluble solids, protein, amino acids, soluble sugar content, etc.). A comprehensive review of research related to water–fertilizer coupling and crop quality improvement may be beneficial for rocky desertification control. This study analyzed 427 related papers, and the results showed that: (1) the number of published papers showed an “S” curve growth trend over time, indicating that research in the field of water–fertilizer coupling has entered a mature stage after rapid growth, yet it is still in the initial stage in karst areas; (2) the research was mainly theoretical, but also included technology research and development, model construction, demonstration and extension, and monitoring and evaluation; (3) except for research related to greenhouse facilities, the research areas are mainly located in arid and semi-arid regions. The study further revealed (4) the frontier theory of water–fertilizer coupling and crop quality research. Finally, it was found that the theoretical and technical studies related to water–fertilizer coupling and crop quality improvement in karst areas are insufficient. Whether the existing theories and techniques are applicable to karst areas needs further verification. In addition to the areas of selecting germplasm with high water/fertilizer utilization efficiency and tolerance to rocky desertification, further improvement in the dynamic model of water–fertilizer coupling and the construction of a more applicable water–fertilizer coupling model could also be future research hotspots

Quantum-Dot-Bead-Based Fluorescence-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Sensitive Detection of Cry2A Toxin in Cereals Using Nanobodies

In this study, a quantum-dot-bead (QB)-based fluorescence-linked immunosorbent assay (FLISA) using nanobodies was established for sensitive determination of the Cry2A toxin in cereal. QBs were used as the fluorescent probe and conjugated with a Cry2A polyclonal antibody. An anti-Cry2A nanobody P2 was expressed and used as the capture antibody. The results revealed that the low detection limit of the developed QB-FLISA was 0.41 ng/mL, which had a 19-times higher sensitivity than the traditional colorimetric ELISA. The proposed assay exhibited a high specificity for the Cry2A toxin, and it had no evident cross-reactions with other Cry toxins. The recoveries of Cry2A from the spiked cereal sample ranged from 86.6–117.3%, with a coefficient of variation lower than 9%. Moreover, sample analysis results of the QB-FLISA and commercial ELISA kit correlated well with each other. These results indicated that the developed QB-FLISA provides a potential approach for the sensitive determination of the Cry2A toxin in cereals

Psychosocial Problems and Condomless Anal Sex among Transgender Women in Two Cities of China: Study Based on the Syndemic Framework

Studies examining the association between psychosocial problems and condomless anal sex (CAS) among transgender women (TGW) are rare. In this study, close attention was paid to the effect of co-occurring psychosocial problems on sexual risk behaviors. A cross-sectional study, including 247 TGW, was conducted in Kunming and Shenyang, China. The prevalence of condomless anal sex among TGW in the previous 6 months was 30.8%. Most of the psychosocial factors were associated with one another in bivariate logistic regression models. Low self-esteem (ORm = 2.99, 95% CI = 1.25–7.18), sexual compulsivity (ORm = 2.13, 95% CI = 1.13–4.00), and intimate partner violence (ORm = 2.21, 95% CI = 1.19–4.11) were discovered to be related to condomless anal sex in the multivariate regression model. No significant interactive effects of the syndemic factors on condomless anal sex were detected. More programmatic and effective HIV prevention interventions targeting psychosocial problems are required to reduce HIV infection within the population