Optical and interferometric studies of growth phenomena on carborundum crystals

The theory of the growth of a perfect crystal is outlined and a brief description is given of the development of this theory, taking into account the presence of imperfections, especially dislocations, in the crystal. The molecular 'growth spirals' and other features predicted by this theory put forward by Burton, Cabrera and Prank require improved experimental techniques for their study, which are described. The experimental study of the growth features divides itself into two parts: (1) Microscopic studies. (2) Interferometric studies. The different growth features observed on the faces of silicon-carbide (Si-C) crystals are illustrated and explained. The observed 'growth spirals' can be divided into three types: (1) Elementary spirals with step heights equal to the size of the X-ray unit cell. (2) Spirals originating from dislocations of multiple strength, the step heights being a multiple of the X-ray unit cell. (3) Interlaced spirals in which the step heights are a fraction of the unit cell. The microscopic studies illustrate the information about the shape of the spirals, the behaviour and interaction of growth fronts with one another, originating from different sources, the growth pattern for a number of screw dislocations emerging on the crystal face fault surfaces, and their statiscal properties such as density of dis-locations etc. From these studies the type of information obtainable about the conditions of growth is the size of the critical nucleus and the supersaturation. The interferometric techniques utilized for the measurement of step heights are discussed. A study of the measured step heights leads to an understanding of the interesting property of 'polytypism' as observed in silicon-carbide crystals which occur in different types as shown by X-ray diffraction data. The 'growth spirals' demonstrate the X-ray predictions and confirm them.<p

Domain Aligned Prefix Averaging for Domain Generalization in Abstractive Summarization

Domain generalization is hitherto an underexplored area applied in abstractive summarization. Moreover, most existing works on domain generalization have sophisticated training algorithms. In this paper, we propose a lightweight, weight averaging based, Domain Aligned Prefix Averaging approach to domain generalization for abstractive summarization. Given a number of source domains, our method first trains a prefix for each one of them. These source prefixes generate summaries for a small number of target domain documents. The similarity of the generated summaries to their corresponding documents is used for calculating weights required to average source prefixes. In DAPA, prefix tuning allows for lightweight finetuning, and weight averaging allows for the computationally efficient addition of new source domains. When evaluated on four diverse summarization domains, DAPA shows comparable or better performance against the baselines, demonstrating the effectiveness of its prefix averaging scheme.Comment: 13 pages, Accepted to ACL 2023 Finding

Progressing haemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelet count syndrome: near miss case

A 25 years old women presented in labour room with 30 weeks’ pregnancy in labour with breech with previous two caesarean section and scar tenderness with foetal bradycardia (FHR 90) and jaundice. After caesarean section in emergency hour she started bleeding in abdominal drain while uterus was well contracted. On investigation and examination diagnosed as HELLP syndrome, managed promptly by medical teams of three departments (obstetrician, anaesthesia and medicine)

ACCUMULATION OF CYCLIC ADENOSINE 3', 5'-MONOPHOSPHATE IN ADULT AND NEWBORN MOUSE SKIN: RESPONSES TO ISCHEMIA AND ISOPROTERENOL

Levels of cyclic adenosine 3', 5' -monophosphate in adult mouse skin pieces were rapidly increased on incubation at 37°C, or on exposure to isoproterenol. Accumulation of the cyclic nucleotide under both conditions was greatly decreased in newborn mouse skin, or in adult skin treated with the tumor promotor 12-0-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate

Comparative Effects of Dynamic Stretching and Ice Bag Application On the Physical Performance in Recreational Basketball Players: A Randomized Crossover Study

Introduction: Researchers found that cryotherapy at the ankle joint heightened adjacent muscle activity and reflex amplitude, which facilitated greater force production at the ankle complex. Furthermore, cryotherapy appears to increase musculoarticular stiffness, which has been associated with heightened muscular performance at a joint. Aim and objective: the aim of the study is to examine the influence of dynamic stretching and IBA technique on the physical performance. Methodology: Total 20 healthy male basketball athletes encompassing two groups participated in the current study. The study consisted of two groups, Group A (ice bag application) and Group B (dynamic stretching). Cold compress was applied over the anterior thigh, posterior thigh, and calf. Subjects were assigned to Group A, and Group B, using Convenience sampling method. Each candidate performed the 5 minutes of jogging before taking intervention. All subjects performed three functional performance tests: Vertical Jump Test, Agility T-test &amp; 20-meter sprint. Each participant attended an orientation session to become familiar with the testing procedures. Subjects were randomly assigned into two groups and exposed to a crossover study design. The experiment was performed on two separate occasions whereby one group received the dynamic stretching in the first session, while the other group uses the cryotherapy first. After 48 hours, (cooling session) on the next occasion, the groups were changed and the second group receives the cryotherapy, while the first group performs dynamic stretching. On both occasions, the dynamic stretching and cryotherapy interventions were the same. Between the sessions, the subjects will not allow to participate in any kind of vigorous physical activity. Results: The present study showed an increase in performance of recreational Basketball players by the combination of 5 minutes of warm up plus 6 min of dynamic stretching on the vertical jump height and 20-meter sprint

Identification of Proteins Secreted by Malaria Parasite into Erythrocyte using SVM and PSSM profiles

Background: Malaria parasite secretes various proteins in infected RBC for its growth and survival. Thus identification of these secretory proteins is important for developing vaccine/drug against malaria. The existing motif-based methods have got limited success due to lack of universal motif in all secretory proteins of malaria parasite. Results: In this study a systematic attempt has been made to develop a general method for predicting secretory proteins of malaria parasite. All models were trained and tested on a non-redundant dataset of 252 secretory and 252 non-secretory proteins. We developed SVM models and achieved maximum MCC 0.72 with 85.65% accuracy and MCC 0.74 with 86.45% accuracy using amino acid and dipeptide composition respectively. SVM models were developed using split-amino acid and split-dipeptide composition and achieved maximum MCC 0.74 with 86.40% accuracy and MCC 0.77 with accuracy 88.22% respectively. In this study, for the first time PSSM profiles obtained from PSI-BLAST, have been used for predicting secretory proteins. We achieved maximum MCC 0.86 with 92.66% accuracy using PSSM based SVM model. All models developed in this study were evaluated using 5-fold cross-validation technique. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that secretory proteins have different residue composition than non-secretory proteins. Thus, it is possible to predict secretory proteins from its residue composition-using machine learning technique. The multiple sequence alignment provides more information than sequence itself. Thus performance of method based on PSSM profile is more accurate than method based on sequence composition. A web server PSEApred has been developed for predicting secretory proteins of malaria parasites,the URL can be found in the Availability and requirements section

Study of vitamin D level in patients with different etiologies of chronic liver disease and its correlation with Child Pugh class in a tertiary care centre in North India

Background: Skeletal manifestation in liver diseases represents the minimally scrutinized part of the disease spectrum. Vitamin D has a central role in developing hepatic deficiency of osteodystrophy in patients with chronic liver disease. This study aimed to investigate vitamin D levels and their and their relationship with disease advancement in these patients according to child Pugh-score. Aims and Objectives were study of vitamin D level in patients with different aetiology of chronic liver disease and its correlation with child Pugh score. Methods: This was a cross sectional study conducted over 200 patients after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria in patients with different etiology of chronic liver disease. Results: In our study total (N=200), 152 patients of alcoholic liver disease 41 patients having deficient vitamin D, 79 having insufficient vitamin D level and 32 patients having normal vitamin D level. Patients of chronic liver disease also have negative correlation on vitamin D level with Child Pugh score. In our study it was found that patients having higher Child Pugh score there is more chance of having vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency than the patient’s low Child Pugh score. Conclusions: The prevalence of vitamin d deficiency in patients with CLD was found to be having a significant correlation with increasing CTP score with p value &lt;0.001

Rare Form of Crusted Scabies in Diabetes: A Case Report

Crusted scabies is an uncommon manifestation of parasitic infection caused by Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis. This variant of scabies is seen in various immunocompromised states. Uncontrolled diabetes is an immunocompromised state which is characterized by increased incidence of various infections, and rarely, may be associated with this rare crusted scabies, which may pose a real diagnostic challenge. A high index of suspicion is required for timely and correct diagnosis in the best interest of the patient and the public health point of view to prevent the spread of this highly contagious infestation

A quantitative study of diffracted X-ray intensities from type I natural diamond crystals by high resolution X-ray diffractometry and comparison with nearly perfect silicon single crystals

Results of accurate measurements of peak and integrated intensities of 2&#x0305;20, 4&#x0305;40, 2&#x0305;2&#x0305;4,1&#x0305;1&#x0305;3 , 111 and 333 reflections of natural diamonds of type I and nearly perfect silicon single crystals are reported. Highly monochromated and collimated MoK &#945;1 exploring beam was used. A quadrupole crystal X-ray diffractometer was employed in (+, -, +) and (+, -, +, -) settings. (111) platelets of diamond and silicon crystals with thicknesses of about 1 mm were selected. High resolution diffraction curves, stationary and traverse topographs were recorded. Diffraction curve half widths of diamond and silicon crystals were in the range: 45–200 arc sec and a few arc sec respectively. The experimental values of integrated intensities &#961; for diamond crystals were found to lie between the theoretical values for ideally perfect and ideally imperfect crystals. Experimental values of&#961; for silicon were closer to the “perfect crystal” values. This is consistent with the results of diffractometric and topographic evaluation. The peak intensities of all reflections were higher for diamond crystals in comparison to the silicon crystals. The ratio IC/ISi lies in the range 1.3 (111 reflection) to 10.5 (1&#x0305;1&#x0305;3) and (333) reflections. This is anomalous and cannot be accounted for by considering the degree of perfection, structure factor and difference in absorption coefficient

Ultraviolet radiation-induced tumor necrosis factor alpha, which is linked to the development of cutaneous SCC, modulates differential epidermal microRNAs expression

Chronic exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is linked to the development of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), a non-melanoma form of skin cancer that can metastasize. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, is linked to UVR-induced development of SCC. To find clues about the mechanisms by which TNFα may promote UVR-induced development of SCC, we investigated changes in the expression profiling of microRNAs (miRNA), a novel class of short noncoding RNAs, which affects translation and stability of mRNAs. In this experiment, TNFα knockout (TNFα KO) mice and their wild type (WT) littermates were exposed to acute UVR (2.0 kJ/m2) and the expression profiling of epidermal miRNA was determined 4hr post UVR exposure. TNFα deletion in untreated WT mice resulted in differential expression (log fold change\u3e1) of seventeen miRNA. UVR exposure in WT mice induced differential expression of 22 miRNA. However, UVR exposure in TNFα KO mice altered only two miRNAs. Four miRNA, were differentially expressed between WT+UVR and TNFα KO+UVR groups. Differentially expressed selected miRNAs were further validated using real time PCR. Few of the differentially expressed miRNAs (miR-31-5p, miR-196a-5p, miR-127-3p, miR-206-3p, miR-411-5p, miR-709, and miR-322-5p) were also observed in UVR-induced SCC. Finally, bio-informatics analysis using DIANA, MIRANDA, Target Scan, and miRDB algorithms revealed a link with major UVR-induced pathways (MAPK, PI3K-Akt, transcriptional mis-regulation, Wnt, and TGF-beta)