An adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system for the physiological presentation of seizure disorder

Seizure is the clinical manifestation of an excessive, hypersynchronous discharge of a population of cortical neurons accompanied by indescribable "pins- and needles-like” bodily sensations, smells or sounds, fear or depression, hallucinations, momentary jerks or head nods, staring with loss of awareness, and convulsive movements (i.e., involuntary muscle contractions) lasting for some seconds to a few minutes. In this work, an attempt is made to promote a better understanding of seizure disorder by proposing an adaptive neuro-fuzzy simulation model as a tool for capturing the physiological presentation of the disorder. Decision making was performed in two stages, namely the feature extractions using Microsoft Excel for corresponding digital value of the waveform of the EEG recordings of a seizure and those of a non-seizure patient directly from the EEG machine, and the transient features are accurately captured and localized in both time and amplitude. This extracted data were used for our Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) training and the ANFIS was trained with the backpropagation gradient descent method in combination with the least squares method to establish the validity of our ANFIS. The result shows an accuracy of 90.7% of predictions as the number of epochs increase.Keywords: Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System, Electroencephalogram, Seizure Disorde

Development of automated intravenous blood infusion monitoring system using load cell sensor

This paper presents an automated intravenous blood infusion unit to prevent a reflux using a load cell sensor. Intravenous infusion is frequently used in the hospital for patients’ management and treatments such as dehydration and surgical operations. The sensor measures initial weight (500mls) of initial content of intravenous bag and set a threshold of 20mls or less, and then sends a signal through transmitter to receiver as an alarm indicating current state of the intravenous infusion. This is to support monitoring system by biomedical professionals and avoid blood reflux. The sensor has a strain gauge transducer that converts force into an electric signal in millivolts; two-18 pin microcontroller was deplored to modulate signals from the transmitter to the receiver, a buzzer indicator for sound notification, and LCD display monitor screen node station.Keywords: Intravenous infusion, hospital information system, reflux, intravenous therap

Conceptual and Simulated Semi-Automatic Urban Waste Management System using Global Systems for Mobile Communication and Customer Reliability Indices

: Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM) poses great challenges to many cities around the world. The challenges are fuelled by population explosions all over the world, especially in the major urban centres, against the backdrop of limited resources to manage wastes efficiently. In this paper, a conceptual and simulated semi-automatic approach to MSWM is considered using the prevalent Global Systems for Mobile Communication (GSM) technology to engage both the waste generators and collectors. This system connects users into a central database where data about their waste bin levels are harnessed. Users are prompted via GSM handsets daily for the level of the waste bin. Waste Collection Vehicles are routed based on the responses while an updatable Reporting Reliability Index (RRI) is computed for each user based on estimate of actual level of waste collected as against the reported level to factor future reporting. With history of collection volume at a location known, forecast is made as to the generated waste level when a customer’s response to prompt is not available. The system is tested on a simulated 30-node housing estate and two dump sites with vehicles routed to optimize distance covered and volume of waste collected. Customers report when prompted with 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 for waste levels ranging from empty to full bin fills. Vehicles are routed to collect wastes at locations with a minimum threshold level of 2. Results obtained showed statistically insignificant differences in distribution of means of collection distance covered weekly but 13.31 volume units/km collected with this method compared with 3.08 volume units/km run of fixed routing scheme, at = 0.05. The cost saving potential and environmental benefits of timely waste disposal of this scheme is thus demonstrable.Keywords: Municipal Solid Waste, Waste Management, SMS Gateway, GSM, Reporting Reliability Index