Chalazion, a Benign Eyelid Tumour – The Sagamu Experience

Aim: To study the demographic characteristics, pattern of presentation and type of treatment of chalazion in Sagamu, Nigeria.Materials and Methods: A retrospective hospital-based study was conducted to review all the cases seen and diagnosed as chalazion in the eye clinic of Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital [OOUTH], Sagamu between January 1997 and December 2007. Data was obtained from the clinic attendance register, the register of minor office procedure and the case files. The age, sex, pattern of presentation and type oftreatment given were recorded.Result: Ninety-seven cases (0.7%) out of a total of 13,605 new cases seen during the period under review were diagnosed as chalazion although 59 case records were available for review. There were 46 males and 51 females with a mean age of 25.3 years. Thirty-nine cases (40.2%) were between the ages of 21 and 30 years. Twenty-one cases (42.9%) presented with multiple chalazia while 32 cases (65.3%) had chalazion onlyin their upper eyelids. Forty-four cases (74.6%) were treated with incision and curettage.Conclusion: Chalazion is not a common ocular problem. Youngage at presentation and multiple lesions are significant findings. Surgery is the standard method of treatment

Orbital Loiasis Masquerading as Orbital Cellulitis: A Case Series

Background: Orbital loiasis is a rare ocular disease which is sparsely reported in the literature. It is caused by the human filarial parasite, Loa loa, which is rarely found in other continents except in Africa and among African immigrants. The ocular presentation of orbital loiasis is similar to orbital cellulitis, thus, a high index of suspicion is required to make a diagnosis. Methods: A retrospective description of the patients diagnosed and treated for orbital loiasis in a tertiary health facility in Ogun State, Nigeria between 1998 and 2013 was done. Data on the demographic characteristics, place of residence of the patients, symptoms, signs, and results of ancillary investigations were retrieved from the records. Result: Three cases of presumed orbital loiasis were seen within the study period. All the patients presented with sudden onset of ocular pain with proptosis without the history of shifting body or facial swellings or visible worm in their eyes. Other features recorded in all the three patients included severe axial proptosis, eyelid oedema with mechanical ptosis, conjunctival injection with chemosis and restriction of ocular motility in all positions of gaze. Full blood count revealed eosinophilia while the radiological investigation was neither in keeping with sinusitis, thyroid-related orbital disease or orbital pseudotumor. Treatment was switched to Diethylcarbamazine when there was no satisfactory clinical response to the initial antibiotics and all the patients had a good outcome. Conclusion: Orbital loiasis should be suspected when orbital cellulitis cases appear to be recalcitrant to treatment with antibiotics, particularly when there is eosinophilia on peripheral blood film

Retinopathy of prematurity: a review

Retinopathy of prematurity [ROP], previously called retrolental fibroplasia, is a vasoproliferative retinopathy that occurs principally, but not exclusively in premature and low-birth-weight infants. It occurs in two overlapping phases, namely, (a) an acute phase in which normal vasculogenesis is interrupted and a response to injury is observable in the retina and (b) a chronic or late proliferation of membranes into the vitreous during which tractional detachment of the retina, scarring of the macula and significant visual loss occur. More than 90 percent of cases of acute ROP regress spontaneously, healing with minimal scarring and little or no visual loss. Less than 10 percent of the involved eyes go on to significant cicatrisation. Nigerian Journal of Paediatrics Vol. 31(3) 2004: 61-6

Buphthalmos with Aniridia in a Nigerian Child. A Case Report

This report presents a rare case of buphthalmos with aniridia in a six year old Nigerian boy who presented with bilateral large eyeballs from birth with associated loss of vision. Had initially presented in the eye clinic of theOlabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital at the age of 18 months (five years ago) with a diagnosis of congenital glaucoma but defaulted due to lack of funds for surgery. Examination this time not only supported theinitial diagnosis but also revealed aniridia. On family contact tracing, his father, elder sister also had aniridia suggesting an autosomal dominant form of aniridia. This is a case of aniridia in two generations of the same familyin keeping with autosomal dominant inheritance in association with primary congenital glaucoma. The rare possibility of primary congenital glaucoma with aniridia in a Nigerian should be considered in all cases of congenital glaucoma and a careful family history is important in order to determine the type of inheritance

Autosomal Dominant Aniridia in A Nigerian Family: A Case Report.

A 54year old man brought his son to our clinic because of large eyeballs and poor vision from birth. Family history revealed that father and another child had poor vision and used to squeeze their faces especially in bright light. Examination of the boy revealed bilateral aniridia with congenital glaucoma. The father, the other child and his grand child all had bilateral aniridia with microcorneae. This is a rare case of autosomal dominant aniridia in threegenerations of a Nigerian family. Recognition of a child with aniridia should draw the attention of the ophthalmologist to the possibility of a familial disorder.Key words: Aniridia, Autosomal dominant, Alternate family members, Nigerian family

Congenital eye disease at Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital, Sagamu, Nigeria

No Abstract. Nigerian Journal of Medicine Vol. 15(3) July-September 2006: 291-29

Squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva in Sagamu, Nigeria- A review and 2 case reports

No Abstract

Destructive eye surgeries in Sagamu

In a retrospective hospital-based study, case records of all patients who had their eyes removed at Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital, Sagamu (OOUTH) from January 2000 to December 2003 wer retrieved and reviewed. The age, sex, indications for surgery and type of surgery done were recorded. Twenty-nine patients had destructive eye surgeries during the study period. The mean age of the patients was 29.69±16.93 years (range 1 - 85 years). Male: female ratio was 3.1:1. Evisceration was the most common destructive operation performed (62.07 percent n=18) while the most common indication for eye removal was trauma (48.28 percent n=14) followed by panophthalmitis (20.69 percent n=6) and malignant tumors (13.79 percent n=4). Less common indications were expulsive haemorrahage (3.45%n=1) and painful blind eye (3.45% n=1). Ocular trauma with badly traumatized eye, panophthalmitis and malignant tumors were the most common causes of destructive eye surgery.Keywords: retrospective study, eye removal Nigerian Medical Practitioner Vol. 48(2) 2005: 474

Causes Of Blindess Among Blind Students In Ogun State, Nigeria

A total of 28 blind students in 3 schools for the handicapped and 3 regular secondary schools were studied between October 1996 and May 1997. They comprised of 21 (75%) males and 7 (25%) females. Eleven (39.3%) were of primary education level, 13 (46. 4%) in secondary schools and the remaining 4 (14.3%) in vocational training. The main causes of blindness were; corneal scarring/ staphyloma 11(39.3%), catarract / aphakia / couching 4 (14.3%), cortical blindness 2 (7.1%) and retinitis pigmentosa 2(7.1%). Eleven of the students with corneal blindness admitted to having measles prior to blindness. 6 (21.4%) of the students examined had conditions needing treatment i.e cataract, aphakia subtotal corneal opacities. From the study preventable and treatable conditions are responsible for over 70% of case of blindness in the schools studied. To reduce the burden of childhood blindness in the state relevant recommendations were made KEY WORDS: Blindness, blind students, causes, prevention Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice Vol.6(1) 2003: 17-1

Prevalence of diastolic hypertension among ophthalmic patients in Sagamu, Ogun State

Hypertension a common non communicable disease is often symptom less. It is not uncommon to discover it during a routine medical checkup. Many eye surgeries had to be cancelled because of raised blood pressure. This prospective hospital based study was carried out to determine the prevalence of hypertension in patients attending the eye clinic. It was found that prevalence of hypertension was 37.1%, and affects mainly people above 50years. A total of 66.7% of the known hypertensive patients who were on antihypertensive medications still had elevated blood pressure. Hypertensive retinopathy was found in only 12.8% of the hypertensive. We conclude that routine check of the blood pressure should be an integral part of eye examination; this may help in the long term by reducing the morbidity and mortality from this disease.Nigerian Hospital Practice Vol. 2 (3) 2008: pp. 58-5