Nigeria's energy policy:Inferences,analysis and legal ethics toward RE development

The study critically assessed the various policy issues of sustainable energy development in Nigeria.The basic focus was to discuss and analyze some of the laws of the federationasit relates to the development of Renewable Energy in Nigeria.It surveyed the nation's energy policy statement and the vision20:2020 of the federal government.The Renewable Energy Master Plan developed by the joint efforts of the Energy Commission of Nigeria and United Nations Development Programs were also appraised.The level of development and the index of renewable energy production as stated by the policy statement,the vision 20:2020 and the Renewable Energy Master Plan were highlighted.The study found some policy challenges which include weak government motivation,lack of economic incentives,multiple taxations, non-existent favorable customs and excise duty act to promote renewable energy technologies.Further to this,some legal reforms which mayaid the promotion of renewable energy development in Nigeria and also make robust the nation's energy policy were proposed.Some of the laws that require amendment topromoterenewableenergyincludethelanduseact,environmentalimpactassessment decree andtheinvestmentlawsofthefederationofNigeri

Examining Nigeria’s Institutional Response to Climate Change

Climate change impacts has not many options for nations of the world. The need to brace up to the daunting challenges posed by climate change: floods, drought, fires and more, require enduring institutions to address the menace and ameliorate the multidimensional impacts. Nigeria is particularly vulnerable to the impacts of changing climate which are already disrupting established norms. In the light of the realities, the need to set up enduring institutions that will drive efforts towards mitigation and adaptation and fulfill obligations under the Paris Agreement is cogent. The article examined the role of the federal, state and local government vis a vis: the institutions that were saddled with the responsibilities on climate change before enactment of the Climate Change Act 2021. It was discovered that the multiple institutions pre national climate change council were not optimum in discharge of their mandates due to overlapping functions, interagency rivalry, inability to effectively coordinate the multifarious sectors for mitigation and adaptation, but with the new Council as the highest body on climate change in Nigeria, it is a watershed in the history of the country’s effort at addressing climate change. Keywords: Challenges, Climate change, Institutions, Mitigation, Adaptation DOI: 10.7176/JLPG/81-03 Publication date: November 30th 202

Nigeria’s Energy Policy: Issues of Sustainable Energy Development in Nigeria

The concerns for environmental sustainability have become the subjects of global discussion. This has prompted debates, negotiations, declarations and legislations world over. The outcome of these engagements has favoured the reduction of anthropogenic emissions that are deleterious to the environment and at the same time promote environmental sustainability in the face of economic development. One of the major sources of anthropogenic emissions has been linked to energy production. The Nigeria energy development process has gone through various policy developmental phases. This has led to the creation of some policy statements which include the energy policy of vision 20:2020 and the Renewable Energy Master Plan. This study was therefore used to critically assess the various policy issues of sustainable energy development in Nigeria. It appraised the level of development as highlighted in the policy statements and also analyzed the index of renewable energy production as stated by the policy statement. Further to this, some challenges impinging on the development and utilization of sustainable energy in the nation were identified and discussed. Some suggestions and legal proposals which may aid the promotion of renewable energy development in Nigeria and also improve the nation’s energy policy are also highlighte

Awareness and utilization of protective eye device among welders in a southwestern Nigeria community

Objective: To determine the level of awareness and practice of use of protective eye devices among welders in Ile-Ife. Methods: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study of 405 consenting welders. A pretested proforma was utilized to obtain information on sociodemographic characteristics, as well as awareness and use of protective eye device. Results: The age of the respondents ranged from 16 to 80 years. The mean age was 39 \ub1 13 years. A large proportion (315, 78%) of the welders was aged between 21 and 50 years. The youngest group aged 6420 years accounted for 15 (4%) of all welders, while the oldest group aged >60 years accounted for 21 (5.2%). 402 were males (99.3%) and three were females (0.7%). Three hundred thirty-six (83%) of the welders had practiced for 6 years and above. There was a high level of awareness of protective eye devices among the welders (367, 90.6%), being higher among arc welders compared with gas welders (P<0.001). Less than half (186, 45.9%) of the welders possessed protective eye devices. Of these, only 39 (9.6%) made use of the devices always. Some of the reasons for not using the protective eye devices include discomfort and poor visibility (56, 13.6%) and inadequate appreciation of the necessity to wear it (49, 12.1%). Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that a significant proportion of welders in Ile-Ife were not utilizing protective eye device. Health education and awareness campaigns about the importance and benefits of utilizing protective eye devices are recommended

Occurrence of Antibiotic Resistance and Virulent Factors in Enterococcus faecalis Isolated from Bush Meat Roasted and Sold along Road Sides in Ekiti State

Background and Objectives: In Nigeria wild animals are hunted for meat mainly. Meanwhile, meat from wild animals are known to consist of pathogens apart from being contaminated by unhygienic environments (road sides) where they are mainly prepared and sold. The objective of this study was to investigate the occurrence of Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) in samples of roasted bush meat prepared and sold along Ado-Ekiti-Ilesha road. Materials and Methods: A total of 182 roasted bush meat samples were collected in seven selected towns in Ekiti State, Nigeria between January and February, May and June, 2016 representing dry and rainy seasons, respectively. The samples were examined for the presence of enterococci within 2 h of collection. Standard methods were used to identify Enterococcus faecalis, determined its resistance to antibiotics and also determine the virulence factors in the sample. Results: A total of 91 (32.38%) out of 281 samples of roasted bush meat examined were contaminated with E. faecalis. The highest rate of contamination 61.22% was observed in samples collected from Igede-Ekiti while the least 6.70% was observed from samples collected in Ado-Ekiti. Rates of contamination among samples from other selected towns were, 40, 38.71 and 38.1% from Efon-Alaye-Ekiti, Iyin-Ekiti and Erio-Ekiti, respectively. Antibiotic susceptibility test results reveal that some of the isolates have acquired resistance to a number of antibiotics. High resistance rate was recorded against ampicillin 35.71%, followed by gentamicin 30.22%, ciprofloxacin 28.02% and ofloxacin 24.73%. The incidence of virulence factors was low in all the isolates with aggregation substance, haemolysin and gelatinase recording 7.69, 8.24 and 27.47%, respectively. Conclusion: The incidence of virulence factors in E. faecalis is an evidence of potential pathogenesis. The roasted bush meat screened from road sides in Ekiti State was contaminated with E. faecalis. There is need for strict monitoring and proper hygiene education for the food handlers in the study area