106 research outputs found
Growth, Characterization, Vortex Pinning and Vortex Flow Properties of Single Crystals of Iron Chalcogenide Superconductor FeCrSe
We report the growth and characterization of single crystals of iron
chalcogenide superconductor FeCrSe. There is an enhancement of the
superconducting transition temperature (T) as compared to the T of the single crystals of the parent compound FeSe by about 25%.
The superconducting parameters such as the critical fields, coherence length,
penetration depth and the Ginzburg-Landau parameter have been estimated for
these single crystals. Analysis of the critical current data suggests a
fluctuation in electronic mean free path induced () pinning mechanism
in this material. Thermally activated transport across the superconducting
transition in the presence of external magnetic fields suggests a crossover
from a single vortex pinning regime at low fields to a collective flux creep
regime at higher magnetic fields. The nature of charge carriers in the normal
state estimated from the Hall effect and thermal transport measurements could
provide crucial information on the mechanism of superconductivity in Fe-based
materials.Comment: 2 additional figures, additional discussion on nature of charge
carrier
In-silico designing of an inhibitor against mTOR FRB domain: Therapeutic implications against breast cancer
Worldwide breast cancer causes significant fatalities in women. The effective therapeutic solution for treating the disease is using new and probable antagonistic biologically available ligands as anticancer drugs. To identify a successful therapeutic approach, the scientific community is now interested in creating novel ligands that in the future may be used as anticancer drugs. The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a protein kinase connected to several processes governing immunity, metabolism, cell development, and survival. The proliferation and metastasis of tumors have both been linked to the activation of the mTOR pathway. Female breast cancer represents about 15.3% of all new cancer cases in the U.S. alone and is frequently diagnosed among women aged 55 to 69 years. Given that the P13K/AKT/mTOR pathway is one of the most often activated in cancer, much attention has been paid to its resistance as a novel oncological treatment approach. mTOR/FRB Domain’s recruitment cleft as, well as substrate recruitment mechanism, was targeted using a structural-based approach. A series of selective inhibitory small molecules have been designed and screened for the best inhibiting target binding triad of the FRB Domain with better ADME and no detectable toxic effects
Magnetization hysteresis and time decay measurements in FeSeTe : Evidence for fluctuation in mean free path induced pinning
We present results of magnetic measurements relating to vortex phase diagram
in a single crystal of FeSeTe which displays second
magnetization peak anomaly for . The possible role of the
crystalline anisotropy on vortex pinning is explored via magnetic torque
magnetometry. We present evidence in favor of pinning related to spatial
variations of the charge carrier mean free path leading to small bundle vortex
pinning by randomly distributed (weak) pinning centers for both
and . This is further corroborated using magnetization data for in a single crystal of FeSeTe. Dynamical
response across second magnetization peak (SMP) anomaly in
FeSeTe has been compared with that across the well researched
phenomenon of peak effect (PE) in a single crystal of CeRu.Comment: 11 figures, provided additional data in another sample, added Fig.
Linking HIV-Infected TB Patients to Cotrimoxazole Prophylaxis and Antiretroviral Treatment in India
BACKGROUND:HIV-infected persons suffering from tuberculosis experience high mortality. No programmatic studies from India have documented the delivery of mortality-reducing interventions, such as cotrimoxazole prophylactic treatment (CPT) and antiretroviral treatment (ART). To guide TB-HIV policy in India we studied the effectiveness of delivering CPT and ART to HIV-infected persons treated for tuberculosis in three districts in Andhra Pradesh, India, and evaluated factors associated with death. METHODS AND FINDINGS:We retrospectively abstracted data for all HIV-infected tuberculosis patients diagnosed from March 2007 through August 2007 using standard treatment outcome definitions. 734 HIV-infected tuberculosis patients were identified; 493 (67%) were males and 569 (80%) were between the ages of 24-44 years. 710 (97%) initiated CPT, and 351 (50%) collected >60% of their monthly cotrimoxazole pouches provided throughout TB treatment. Access to ART was documented in 380 (51%) patients. Overall 130 (17%) patients died during TB treatment. Patients receiving ART were less likely to die (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.3-0.6), while males and those with pulmonary TB were more likely to die (HR 1.7, 95% CI 1.1-2.7, and HR 1.9, 95% CI 1.1-3.2 respectively). CONCLUSIONS:Among HIV-infected TB patients in India death was common despite the availability of free cotrimoxazole locally and ART from referral centres. Death was strongly associated with the absence of ART during TB treatment. To minimize death, programmes should promote high levels of ART uptake and closely monitor progress in implementation
Gallbladder reporting and data system (GB-RADS) for risk stratification of gallbladder wall thickening on ultrasonography:an international expert consensus
The Gallbladder Reporting and Data System (GB-RADS) ultrasound (US) risk stratification is proposed to improve consistency in US interpretations, reporting, and assessment of risk of malignancy in gallbladder wall thickening in non-acute setting. It was developed based on a systematic review of the literature and the consensus of an international multidisciplinary committee comprising expert radiologists, gastroenterologists, gastrointestinal surgeons, surgical oncologists, medical oncologists, and pathologists using modified Delphi method. For risk stratification, the GB-RADS system recommends six categories (GB-RADS 0–5) of gallbladder wall thickening with gradually increasing risk of malignancy. GB-RADS is based on gallbladder wall features on US including symmetry and extent (focal vs. circumferential) of involvement, layered appearance, intramural features (including intramural cysts and echogenic foci), and interface with the liver. GB-RADS represents the first collaborative effort at risk stratifying the gallbladder wall thickening. This concept is in line with the other US-based risk stratification systems which have been shown to increase the accuracy of detection of malignant lesions and improve management. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]
Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles (MISEV2023): From basic to advanced approaches
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), through their complex cargo, can reflect the state of their cell of origin and change the functions and phenotypes of other cells. These features indicate strong biomarker and therapeutic potential and have generated broad interest, as evidenced by the steady year-on-year increase in the numbers of scientific publications about EVs. Important advances have been made in EV metrology and in understanding and applying EV biology. However, hurdles remain to realising the potential of EVs in domains ranging from basic biology to clinical applications due to challenges in EV nomenclature, separation from non-vesicular extracellular particles, characterisation and functional studies. To address the challenges and opportunities in this rapidly evolving field, the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) updates its 'Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles', which was first published in 2014 and then in 2018 as MISEV2014 and MISEV2018, respectively. The goal of the current document, MISEV2023, is to provide researchers with an updated snapshot of available approaches and their advantages and limitations for production, separation and characterisation of EVs from multiple sources, including cell culture, body fluids and solid tissues. In addition to presenting the latest state of the art in basic principles of EV research, this document also covers advanced techniques and approaches that are currently expanding the boundaries of the field. MISEV2023 also includes new sections on EV release and uptake and a brief discussion of in vivo approaches to study EVs. Compiling feedback from ISEV expert task forces and more than 1000 researchers, this document conveys the current state of EV research to facilitate robust scientific discoveries and move the field forward even more rapidly
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