A Study of some Fuel Properties of Local Ethanol Blended with Diesel Fuel

Rosana G. Moreira, Editor-in-Chief; Texas A&M UniversityThis is a Technical Paper from International Commission of Agricultural Engineering (CIGR, Commission Internationale du Genie Rural) E-Journal Volume 4 (2002): E.A. Ajav and O.A. Akingbehin. A Study of some Fuel Properties of Local Ethanol Blended with Diesel Fuel. Vol. IV. March 2002

Design, construction and performance evaluation of an Àmàlà making machine

AbstractAn àmàlà making machine was designed and constructed to make àmàlà preparation an easy one and remove the fatigue usually experienced during manual preparation. The machine frame was from galivanised and stainless steel materials and it is capable of preparing àmàlà of averagely 1.074–2.68kg by weight. It has two compartments, the heating and stirring compartments. The stirrer has six flat paddles arranged asymmetrically and powered by a 0.94HP electric motor. The performance evaluation of the machine revealed that the output by weight is significantly different (P<0.5) indicating that weight is not equal due to different input. There was reduction in weight with decrease in temperature of the paste from 90–66°C residence time 5–2.5min and quantity of heat stored by the paste from 210.16–8.64KJ as the input reduced. The density of the paste increases as the volume of water reduces (1223.83kg/m3 at 1.8 Litre of water to 2303.33kg/m3 at 0.6 Litre of water). Although, pastes produced at various ratio of yam flour and water are adjudged suitable by panellists in terms of colour, taste, aroma during sensory evaluation test, but 0.5kg of flour produced overall acceptable paste with 1.8 Litre (maximum pot capacity), while 0.35kg of flour produces overall acceptable paste with 0.6 Litre (minimum pot capacity)in term of modability, and texture

Performance Evaluation of an Okra Thresher

Rosana G. Moreira, Editor-in-Chief; Texas A&M UniversityThis is a paper from International Commission of Agricultural Engineering (CIGR, Commission Internationale du Genie Rural) E-Journal Volume 7 (2005): Performance Evaluation of an Okra Thresher by E.A. Ajav and B.A. Adejum

Design improvement, fabrication and performance evaluation of an Amala making machine

The focus of this paper is on the design and construction of an amala making machine with the incorporation of metering and timing mechanism. Different mass of yam flour was poured into boiling water while stirring at 40 rpm and the time at which the paste was properly cooked was noted. The temperature of the paste was recorded in each case with the highest as 85oC. The developed machine had a power requirement of 1.42 hp and pot capacity 4.7 litres incorporated with electric heater and mixing chambers (powered by a 0.08 hp motor), electrical, feeding and timing units. Statistical analysis at 95 % confidence level showed that mass of input had significant effect on the time of preparation; volume of water had no significant effect on the mass of the paste but had significant effect on the mass of flour used; mass of flour had significant effect on the mass of paste and the temperature of the paste has no effect on the mass of the paste. The amala making machine developed is user friendly, non corrosive and has 91% preparation efficiency. Therefore it will serve a household of eight to ten persons in producing amala hygienically.Keywords: Yam flour, amala, machine efficiency

Cottage processing of cashew apple juice in Nigeria: physico-chemical and sensory evaluation of product.

Some manually operated equipment were employed for cottage processing of cashew apples into juice. These include an extractor, mixer pasteuriser and a bottling machine. The apples were preheated with steam for 10, 20 and 30 minutes before juice extraction. The average capacity and efficiency of the extractor were 31.82g/hr and 87.20% respectively. Treatment time affected the colour, acidity and vitamin C content of the juice. Apples treated for 30 minutes gave a brownish colour (which was not acceptable to consumers) with the least amount of vitamin C (120.60mg/100ml of juice). The 10 minute extracted juice was attractive in terms of colour and acceptability. Soluble solids, pH, and specific gravity values of the juice were not affected by heat treatment. From the sensory evaluation of the products, no significant differences were obtained for taste, mouthfeel and overall acceptability. It was concluded that 10-minute treatment time was ideal for the juice extraction

CIGR E-Journal Volume 4

Rosana G. Moreira, Editor-in-Chief; Texas A&M UniversityPeer Reviewed Technical Articles: (1) G. Brehme and K.-H. Krause. Compartmental Airflow Simulation in Stables with Natural Ventilation. Vol. IV. January 2002. (2) J.F. Ortega, J.M. Tarjuelo, and J.A. Juan. Evaluation of Irrigation Performance in Localized Irrigation Systems of Semiarid Regions(Castilla-La Mancha, Spain). Vol. IV. February 2002. (3) E.A. Ajav and O.A. Akingbehin. A Study of some Fuel Properties of Local Ethanol Blended with Diesel Fuel. Vol. IV. March 2002. (4) B. Bjerg, K. Svidt, S. Morsing, G. Zhang, and J.O. Johnson. Modelling of a Wall Inlet in Numerical Simulation of Airflow in Livestock Buildings. Vol. IV. March 2002. (5) V. Alchanatis, Y. Kashti, and R. Brikman. A Machine Vision System for Evaluation of Planter Seed Spatial Distribution. Vol. IV. April 2002. (6) O. Slobodzian-Ksenicz, and T. Kuczynski. Effect of Litter Type on Ammonia Emission in Turkey Housing. Vol. IV. May 2002. (7) H.M. Houszka. Thermal Conditions within a Piglet Creep Area with Different Cover Constructions and Different Surface of Cover Materials. Vol. IV. May 2002. (8) R. Tsheko. Discrimination of Plant Species Using Co Occurrence Matrix of Leaves. Vol. IV. May 2002. (9) C.K. Cavalaris and T.A. Gemtos. Evaluation of Four Conservation Tillage Methods in the Sugar Beet Crop. Vol. IV. June 2002. (10) L. Wang, C.B. Parnell and B.W. Shaw. A Study of the Cyclone Fractional Efficiency Curves. Vol. IV. June 2002. (11) H. Takai, K. Nekomoto, P.J. Dahl, E. Okamoto, S. Morita, and S. Hoshiba. Ammonia Contents and Desorption from Dusts Collected in Livestock Buildings. Vol. IV. June 2002. (12) L. Wang, C.B. Parnell and B.W. Shaw. Performance Characteristics of Cyclones in Cotton-Gin Dust Removal. Vol. IV. August 2002. (13) A. Ikeguchi. Ultra Sonic Sprayer Controlling Dust in Experimental Poultry Houses. Vol. IV. October 2002. (14) Y. Nagasaka, K. Taniwaki, R. Otani, and K. Shigeta. An Automated Rice Transplanter with RTKGPS and FOG. Vol. IV. October 2002. (15) Y. Hirai, E. Inoue, K. Mori, and K. Hashiguchi. Analysis of Reaction Forces and Posture of a Bunch of Crop Stalks During Reel Operations of a Combine Harvester. Vol. IV. October 2002. (16) A. Oida and M. Momozu. Simulation of Soil Behavior and Reaction by Machine Part by Means of DEM. Vol. IV. October 2002. (17) A. Oida, H. Shimizu, J. Miyasaka, H. Fujimoto and T. Ibuki. Study on the Performance of a Model Electric Off-Road Vehicle. Vol. IV. October 2002. (18)Y. Kaizu, T. Okamoto and K. Imou. Shape Recognition and Growth Measurement of Micropropagated Sugarcane Shoots. Vol. IV. October 2002. (19)D. Pochi and D. Vannucci. Prediction of Pesticide Distribution on the Ground Based on Boom Sprayer Movements. Vol. IV. December 2002. (20)A. Natsis, G. Papadakis, and I. Pitsilis. Experimental Investigation of the Influence of the Foreploughshare and the Disk Coulter on the Tillage Quality and the Tractor Fuel Consumption. Vol. IV. December 2002. (21)N. Isaac, R. Taylor, S. Staggenborg, M. Schrock, and D. Leikam. Using Cone Index Data to Explain Yield Variation Within a Field. Vol. IV. December 2002. (22)V.Y. Chertkov. Characteristic Crack Dimensions of Saturated Drying Soils: Theory and Applications. Vol. IV. December 2002. (23)E. Morimoto, M. Suguri and M. Umeda. Obstacle Avoidance System for Autonomous Transportation Vehicle based on Image Processing. Vol. IV. December 2002. (24) F. Curto, I. Naas, D. Pereira, D. Salagado, M. Murayama and F. Behrens. Predicting Broiler Breeder?s Behavior Using Electronic Identification. Vol. IV. December 2002. (25) H. Heege and B. Feldhaus. Site Specific Control of Seed-Numbers per Unit Area for Grain Drills. Vol. IV. December 2002... Invited Overview Articles: (1) J. Pawlak, G. Pellizzi and M. Fiala. On the Development of Agricultural Mechanization to Ensure a Long- Term World Food Supply. Club of Bologna. Vol. IV. June 2002 (2) F. Coolman. Developments in Dutch Farm Mechanization: Past and Future. Vol. IV. August 2002. (3) J. Pawlak. Farm Machinery Market in the Second Half of the XX Century. Vol. IV. July 2002. (4) J. Cuello. Foreword to Agricultural Engineering and International Development in the Third Millennium. Vol. IV. September 2002 (5) L. Clarke and C. Bishop. Farm Power/Present and Future Availability in Developing Countries. Vol. IV. October 2002. (6) T. Takakura. Food Production Strategy in East Asia-Engineering Perspective in the Third Millennium. Vol. IV. October 2002 (7) A. Tamimi. Cooperation Through Education: How Southern West Bank, Palestine, Can Be Developed Through Agricultural Engineering. Vol. IV. September 2002. (8) J. Cuello. Making the World a Better Place: What the Agricultural Engineering Professional Organizations Can Do in the New Century to Make Good on Their Age-Old Promise. Vol. IV. October 2002. (9) D. Slack. Engineering in a Shrinking World. Vol. IV. September 2002. (10) G. Feyereisen. Social and Engineering Aspects of an Aquacultural Development Project in the Nakasongola District of Uganda. Vol. IV. September 2002. (11) W. Clyma. Management Strategies for Sustainable Irrigated Agriculture with Organizational Change to Meet Urgent Needs. Vol. IV. September 2002. (12) A. Munack. Agriculture and the Environment: New Challenges for Engineers. Vol. IV. December 2002. (13) P. De Castro. Mechanization and Traceability of Agricultural Products: a Challenge for the Future-- Quality of Production, Reasons and Means for Traceability, Needs of Markets and Institutional and Prescriptive Aspects in the EU Context. Club of Bologna. Vol. IV. September 2002. (14) F. Pierce and R. Cavalieri. Globalization and Traceability of Agricultural Production: The Role of Mechanization. Club of Bologna. Vol. IV. September 2002. (15) I. Naas. Applications of Mechatronics to Animal Production. Club of Bologna. Vol. IV. October 2002. (16) H. Auernhammer. The Role of Mechatronics in Crop Product Traceability. Club of Bologna. Vol. IV. October 2002. (17) B. Douthwaite. How to Enable Innovation. Vol. IV. October 2002. (18) L. Opara. Engineering and Technological Outlook on Traceability of Agricultural Production and Products. Vol. IV. December 2002. (19) Club of Bologna. Conclusions and Recommendations (traceability of agricultural production). Vol. IV. December 2002. (20) J. Reid. Sensors and Data collection. Power Point presentation. Club of Bologna. November 16, 2002. Vol. IV. December 2002