Evaluation of midazolam-ketamine with dexmedetomidine and fentanyl for injectable anaesthesia in dogs

dexmedetomidine and fentanyl for injectable anaesthesia in dogs. Vet. arhiv 83, 509

Physical characters and economics of acrylic and epoxy polymers as frame components of external skeletal fixator

Physical characters of acrylic and epoxy polymers used in constructing external skeletal fixator vis-à-vis economics were compared in the present study. The fixator constructs were prepared using acrylic/epoxy polymer, 1.5 mm K-wires and ultra high density polyethylene rods as a bone substitute. Observations on fabrication ease, weight, radiographic properties and economics of polymers were taken. The epoxy polymer being doughy, less heat producing and fumeless was easier to fabricate into constructs. Hardening time for acrylic was dependent on environmental temperature with an average of 11 min; whereas, epoxy putty hardened in about 22 min and the hardening was independent of environmental temperature. Acrylic fixators were radiolucent and significantly lower in weight. Preparation cost of epoxy constructs was significantly lower than acrylic constructs. Present study provides baseline benchmarks to choose polymers in constructing external skeletal fixators according to available resources, technical expertise and economics involved

Prosudba učinka midazolam-ketamina s deksmedetomidinom i fentanilom za injekcijsku anesteziju u pasa.

A prospective randomized blinded study was conducted on 12 clinically healthy adult dogs of both sexes (mean weight of 18.34 ± 0.78 kg) divided into three groups (n = 4). The animals received 0.4 mg/kg midazolam and 10 μg/kg dexmedetomidine (group A), 0.4 mg/kg midazolam and 20 μg/kg dexmedetomidine (group B) and 0.4 mg/kg midazolam + 20 μg/kg dexmedetomidine + 4 μg/kg fentanyl (group C) intramuscularly, using separate syringes. Ten minutes later Ketamine was administered intravenously in all the groups. A significantly (P<0.05) shorter weak time (onset of sedation) and down time (onset of recumbency) were recorded in animals in group C as compared to the animals of groups A and B. Muscle relaxation was excellent in group C. The pedal reflex was abolished up to 30 min in groups A and B and up to 60 min in group C. Intubation was only possible in groups B and C. The anaesthetic induction dose of ketamine was minimal in group C. Standing recovery time was shortest in the animals of group C. Respiratory rate (RR) decreased significantly (P<0.05) throughout the observation period, but rectal temperature (RT) decreased significantly (P<0.05) towards the end of the observation period in all the groups. Heart rate decreased significantly (P<0.05) in the animals of group B. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was maintained within the physiological range in all the groups. It was concluded that dexmedetomidine (10 μg/kg)-midazolam-ketamine can produce anaesthesia for about 20 min in dogs. Increasing the dose of dexmedetomidine did not enhance the duration of anaesthesia, but the further addition of fentanyl not only reduced the induction dose of ketamine but also increased the duration of anaesthesia up to 50 min. Dexmedetomidine-midazolam-fentanyl-ketamine can be used for prolonged duration of injectable anaesthesia in dogs.Poduzeto je prospektivno istraživanje na 12 slučajno odabranih klinički zdravih pasa i kuja (prosječne tjelesne mase 18,34 ± 0,78 kg) podijeljenih u tri skupine (n = 4). Životinjama skupine A bio je intramuskularno primijenjen midazolam u dozi od 0,4 mg/kg i deksmedetomidin u dozi od 10 μg/kg. Životinjama skupine B bio je i/m primijenjen midazolam u dozi od 0,4 mg/kg i deksmedetomidin 20 μg/kg, a životinje skupine C primile su i/m 0,4 mg/kg midazolama, 20 μg/kg deksmedetomidina i 4 μg/kg fentanila. Deset minuta nakon toga svim je životinjama intravenski bio ubrizgan ketamin. Značajno (P<0,05) kraće vrijeme smirivanja (nastup sedacije) i vrijeme lijeganja ustanovljeno je u životinja skupine C u usporedbi sa skupinama A i B. Opuštanje mišićja bilo je izvrsno u skupini C. Nožni refleks nestao je nakon 30 minuta u skupinama A i B, a nakon 60 minuta u skupini C. Intubacija je bila moguća samo u životinja skupine B i C. Doza ketamina potrebna za početak anestezije bila je najmanja u životinja skupine C. Vrijeme potrebno za ponovno ustajanje bilo je najkraće u životinja skupine C. Frekvencija disanja značajno se smanjila (P<0,05) u čitavom razdoblju promatranja, dok se rektalna temperatura u svih životinja značajno smanjila (P<0,05) na kraju razdoblja promatranja. Frekvencija bila znatno se smanjila (P<0,05) u životinja skupine B. Srednji arterijski tlak bio je u fiziološkim granicama u svih životinja. Može se zaključiti da kombinacija deksmedetomidin (10 μg/kg)-midazolam-ketamin može u pasa dovesti do anestezije za oko 20 minuta. Povećanje doze deksmedetomidina nije povećalo trajanje anestezije. Ipak, daljnja primjena fentanila ne samo da je smanjila početnu dozu ketamina već je povećala trajanje anestezije na 50 minuta. Deksmedetomidin-midazolam-fentanil-ketamin mogu se rabiti za produženo trajanje injekcijske anestezije u pasa

Prosudba učinkovitosti celomske tekućine kišne gujavice na cijeljenje rana u punoj debljini kože kunića.

The present study was conducted on 16 New Zealand White rabbits of 10-12 months of age, to evaluate the healing potential of earthworm coelomic fluid in full thickness skin wounds. Under xylazine-ketamine anaesthesia, four rectangular full thickness excisional skin wounds, measuring 2×2 cm2 were created on the dorsum of each animal and designated as groups I, II, III and IV. Wounds were treated by topical coelomic fluid (I), 0.5 % povidone-iodine and coelomic fluid (II), 0.5 % povidone-iodine (III) and normal saline (IV). Healing was evaluated on the basis of gross and histomorphological parameters. The mean wound area was significantly lesser (P<0.05) in the wounds of groups I and II as compared to groups III and IV, up to 21 days. Out of 16 wounds, nine wounds in group I (56.25 %) and 11 wounds in group II (68.75 %) healed completely by day 21, but none in groups III and IV. Histomorphological studies showed more mature and densely placed collagen and better epithelialization in groups I and II as compared to groups III and IV. It was concluded that coelomic fluid of the earthworm Eisenia foetida can accelerate healing of full-thickness skin wounds in rabbits.Istraživanje je provedeno na 16 novozelandskih bijelih kunića u dobi od 10 do 12 mjeseci s ciljem da se prosudi mogući učinak celomske tekućine kišne gujavice na cijeljenje rana u punoj debljini kože u kunića. Kunići su bili podijeljeni u četiri skupine označene I, II, III i IV. Četiri pravokutne ekscizijske kožne rane u punoj debljini veličine 2x2 cm načinjene su na leđima svake životinje pod anestezijom ksilazin-ketaminom. Rane su bile obrađene celomskom tekućinom (skupina I), 0,5 %-tnim povidon-jodom i celomskom tekućinom (skupina II), 0,5 %-tnim povidon-jodom (skupina III) i fiziološkom otopinom (skupina IV). Cijeljenje rana bilo je prosuđivano na osnovi patoanatomskih i patohistoloških nalaza. Prosječna površina rana 21 dan nakon ekscizije bila je značajno manja (P<0,05) u skupinama I i II u usporedbi s površinom skupina III i IV. Devet od 16 rana u skupini I (56,25 %) i 11 u skupini II (68,75 %) u potpunosti su zacijelile 21 dan nakon ekscizije, dok nijedna nije zacijelila u skupini III i IV. Patohistološki nalaz pokazao je više zrelog i gušće raspoređenog kolagena te bolju epitelizaciju u skupinama I i II u usporedbi sa skupinama III i IV. Može se zaključiti da celomska tekućina kišne gujavice Eisenia foetida može ubrzati cijeljenje rana u punoj debljini kože u kunića

The Current Landscape of Antibody-based Therapies in Solid Malignancies

Over the past three decades, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have revolutionized the landscape of cancer therapy. Still, this benefit remains restricted to a small proportion of patients due to moderate response rates and resistance emergence. The field has started to embrace better mAb-based formats with advancements in molecular and protein engineering technologies. The development of a therapeutic mAb with long-lasting clinical impact demands a prodigious understanding of target antigen, effective mechanism of action, gene engineering technologies, complex interplay between tumor and host immune system, and biomarkers for prediction of clinical response. This review discusses the various approaches used by mAbs for tumor targeting and mechanisms of therapeutic resistance that is not only caused by the heterogeneity of tumor antigen, but also the resistance imposed by tumor microenvironment (TME), including inefficient delivery to the tumor, alteration of effector functions in the TME, and Fc-gamma receptor expression diversity and polymorphism. Further, this article provides a perspective on potential strategies to overcome these barriers and how diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers are being used in predicting response to mAb-based therapies. Overall, understanding these interdependent parameters can improve the current mAb-based formulations and develop novel mAb-based therapeutics for achieving durable clinical outcomes in a large subset of patients

Oral Health, Vision and Hearing Status of Older Adults Participating in a Nationwide Community-Based Screening Programme in Singapore

10.25722/46sq-8jjrResearch Brief Series141-2

PolysacDB: A Database of Microbial Polysaccharide Antigens and Their Antibodies

Vaccines based on microbial cell surface polysaccharides have long been considered as attractive means to control infectious diseases. To realize this goal, detailed systematic information about the antigenic polysaccharide is necessary. However, only a few databases that provide limited knowledge in this area are available. This paper describes PolysacDB, a manually curated database of antigenic polysaccharides. We collected and compiled comprehensive information from literature and web resources about antigenic polysaccharides of microbial origin. The current version of the database has 1,554 entries of 149 different antigenic polysaccharides from 347 different microbes. Each entry provides comprehensive information about an antigenic polysaccharide, i.e., its origin, function, protocols for its conjugation to carriers, antibodies produced, details of assay systems, specificities of antibodies, proposed epitopes involved and antibody utilities. For convenience to the user, we have integrated web interface for searching, advanced searching and browsing data i

Relative prevalence of the various types of polysaccharides within PolysacDB.

<p>Relative prevalence of the various types of polysaccharides within PolysacDB.</p

Polyanhydride nanoparticles stabilize pancreatic cancer antigen MUC4β

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most lethal malignancies and represents an increasing and challenging threat, especially with an aging population. The identification of immunogenic PC‐specific upregulated antigens and an enhanced understanding of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment have provided opportunities to enable the immune system to recognize cancer cells. Due to its differential upregulation and functional role in PC, the transmembrane mucin MUC4 is an attractive target for immunotherapy. In the current study we characterized the antigen stability, antigenicity and release kinetics of a MUC4β‐nanovaccine to guide further optimization and in vivo evaluation. Amphiphilic polyanhydride copolymers based on 20 mol% 1,8‐bis(p‐carboxyphenoxy)‐3,6‐dioxaoctane and 80 mol% 1,6‐bis(p‐carboxyphenoxy)hexane were used to synthesize nanoparticles. Structurally stable MUC4β protein was released from the particles in a sustained manner and characterized by gel electrophoresis and fluorescence spectroscopy. Modest levels of protein degradation were observed upon release. The released protein was also analyzed by MUC4β‐specific monoclonal antibodies using ELISA and showed no significant loss of epitope availability. Further, mice immunized with multiple formulations of combination vaccines containing MUC4β‐loaded nanoparticles generated MUC4β‐specific antibody responses. These results indicate that polyanhydride nanoparticles are viable MUC4β vaccine carriers, laying the foundation for evaluation of this platform for PC immunotherapy.This is the peer-reviewed version of the following article: Liu, Luman, Prakash Kshirsagar, John Christiansen, Shailendra K. Gautam, Abhijit Aithal, Mansi Gulati, Sushil Kumar, Joyce C. Solheim, Surinder K. Batra, Maneesh Jain, Michael J. Wannemuehler, and Balaji Narasimhan. "Polyanhydride nanoparticles stabilize pancreatic cancer antigen MUC4β." Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A, which has been published in final form at DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37080. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving. Posted with permission.</p