1,465 research outputs found
Quantal interferometry with dissipative internal motion
In presence of dissipation, quantal states may acquire complex-valued phase
effects. We suggest a notion of dissipative interferometry that accommodates
this complex-valued structure and that may serve as a tool for analyzing the
effect of certain kinds of external influences on quantal interference. The
concept of mixed-state phase and concomitant gauge invariance is extended to
dissipative internal motion. The resulting complex-valued mixed-state
interference effects lead to well-known results in the unitary limit and in the
case of dissipative motion of pure quantal states. Dissipative interferometry
is applied to fault-tolerant geometric quantum computation.Comment: Slight revision, journal reference adde
On the Derivative Expansion at Finite Temperature
In this short note, we indicate the origin of nonanalyticity in the method of
derivative expansion at finite temperature and discuss some of its
consequences.Comment: 7 pages, UR-1363, ER40685-81
Dynamical Mass Generation in a Finite-Temperature Abelian Gauge Theory
We write down the gap equation for the fermion self-energy in a
finite-temperature abelian gauge theory in three dimensions. The instantaneous
approximation is relaxed, momentum-dependent fermion and photon self-energies
are considered, and the corresponding Schwinger-Dyson equation is solved
numerically. The relation between the zero-momentum and zero-temperature
fermion self-energy and the critical temperature T_c, above which there is no
dynamical mass generation, is then studied. We also investigate the effect
which the number of fermion flavours N_f has on the results, and we give the
phase diagram of the theory with respect to T and N_f.Comment: 20 LaTeX pages, 4 postscript figures in a single file, version to
appear in Physical Review
Interacting Relativistic Particle: Time-Space Noncommutativity And Symmetries
We discuss the symmetry properties of the reparametrization invariant model
of an interacting relativistic particle where the electromagnetic field is
taken as the constant background field. The direct coupling between the
relativistic particle and the electromagnetic {\it gauge} field is a special
case of the above with a specific set of subtleties involved in it. For the
above model, we demonstrate the existence of a time-space noncommutativity (NC)
in the spacetime structure from the symmetry considerations alone. We further
show that the NC and commutativity properties of this model are different
aspects of a unique continuous {\it gauge} symmetry that is derived from the
non-standard gauge-type symmetry transformations by requiring their consistency
with (i) the equations of motion, and (ii) the expressions for the canonical
momenta, derived from the Lagrangians. We provide a detailed discussion on the
noncommutative deformation of the Poincar{\'e} algebra.Comment: LaTeX file, 23 pages, journal reference is give
Longitudinal and transverse fermion-boson vertex in QED at finite temperature in the HTL approximation
We evaluate the fermion-photon vertex in QED at the one loop level in Hard
Thermal Loop approximation and write it in covariant form. The complete vertex
can be expanded in terms of 32 basis vectors. As is well known, the
fermion-photon vertex and the fermion propagator are related through a
Ward-Takahashi Identity (WTI). This relation splits the vertex into two parts:
longitudinal (Gamma_L) and transverse (Gamma_T). Gamma_L is fixed by the WTI.
The description of the longitudinal part consumes 8 of the basis vectors. The
remaining piece Gamma_T is then written in terms of 24 spin amplitudes.
Extending the work of Ball and Chiu and Kizilersu et. al., we propose a set of
basis vectors T^mu_i(P_1,P_2) at finite temperature such that each of these is
transverse to the photon four-momentum and also satisfies T^mu_i(P,P)=0, in
accordance with the Ward Identity, with their corresponding coefficients being
free of kinematic singularities. This basis reduces to the form proposed by
Kizilersu et. al. at zero temperature. We also evaluate explicitly the
coefficient of each of these vectors at the above-mentioned level of
approximation.Comment: 13 pages, uses RevTe
On dynamical mass generation in three dimensional supersymmetric U(1) gauge field theory
We investigate and contrast the non-perturbative infra red structure of N=1
and N=2 supersymmetric non-compact U(1) gauge field theory in three space-time
dimensions with N matter flavours. We study the Dyson-Schwinger equations in a
general gauge using superfield formalism; this ensures that supersymmetry is
kept manifest, though leads to spurious infra red divergences which we have to
avoid carefully. In the N=1 case the superfield formalism allows us to choose a
vertex which satisfies the U(1) Ward identity exactly, and we find the expected
critical behaviour in the wavefunction renormalization and strong evidence for
the existence of a gauge independent dynamically generated mass, but with no
evidence for a critical flavour number. We study the N=2 model by dimensional
reduction from four dimensional N=1 electrodynamics, and we refine the old
gauge dependence argument that there is no dynamical mass generation. We
recognize that the refinement only holds after dimensional reduction.Comment: 32 pages RevTeX; 3 axodraw figures include
How to Combine Independent Data Sets for the Same Quantity
This paper describes a new mathematical method called conflation for consolidating data from independent experiments that measure the same physical quantity. Conflation is easy to calculate and visualize and minimizes the maximum loss in Shannon information in consolidating several independent distributions into a single distribution. A formal mathematical treatment of conflation has recently been published. For the benefit of experimenters wishing to use this technique, in this paper we derive the principal basic properties of conflation in the special case of normally distributed (Gaussian) data. Examples of applications to measurements of the fundamental physical constants and in high energy physics are presented, and the conflation operation is generalized to weighted conflation for cases in which the underlying experiments are not uniformly reliable. When different experiments are designed to measure the same unknown quantity, how can their results be consolidated in an unbiased and optimal way? Given data from experiments made at different times, in different locations, with different methodologies, and perhaps differing even in underlying theory, is there a straightforward, easily applied method for combining the results from all of the experiments into a single distribution? This paper describes a new mathematical method called conflation for consolidating data from independent experiments that measure the same physical quantity
Effect of retardation on dynamical mass generation in two-dimensional QED at finite temperature
The effect of retardation on dynamical mass generation in is studied, in the
imaginary time formalism. The photon porarization tensor is evaluated to
leading order in 1/N (N is the number of flavours), and simple closed form
expressions are found for the fully retarded longitudinal and transverse
propagators, which have the correct limit when T goes to zero. The resulting
S-D equation for the fermion mass (at order 1/N) has an infrared divergence
associated with the contribution of the transverse photon propagator; only the
longitudinal contribution is retained, as in earlier treatments. For solutions
of constant mass, it is found that the retardation reduces the value of the
parameter r (the ratio of twice the mass to the critical temperature) from
about 10 to about 6. The gap equation is then solved allowing for the mass to
depend on frequency. It was found that the r value remained close to 6.
Possibilities for including the transverse propagator are discussed.Comment: 26 pages 8 figure
Derivative Expansion and the Effective Action for the Abelian Chern-Simons Theory at Higher Orders
We study systematically the higher order corrections to the parity violating
part of the effective action for the Abelian Chern-Simons theory in 2+1
dimensions, using the method of derivative expansion. We explicitly calculate
the parity violating parts of the quadratic, cubic and the quartic terms (in
fields) of the effective action. We show that each of these actions can be
summed, in principle, to all orders in the derivatives. However, such a
structure is complicated and not very useful. On the other hand, at every order
in the powers of the derivatives, we show that the effective action can also be
summed to all orders in the fields. The resulting actions can be expressed in
terms of the leading order effective action in the static limit. We prove gauge
invariance, both large and small of the resulting effective actions. Various
other features of the theory are also brought out.Comment: 36 page
Hodge Duality Operation And Its Physical Applications On Supermanifolds
An appropriate definition of the Hodge duality operation on any
arbitrary dimensional supermanifold has been a long-standing problem. We define
a working rule for the Hodge duality operation on the -dimensional supermanifold parametrized by a couple of even (bosonic)
spacetime variables and a couple of Grassmannian (odd)
variables and of the Grassmann algebra. The Minkowski
spacetime manifold, hidden in the supermanifold and parametrized by , is chosen to be a flat manifold on which a two -dimensional
(2D) free Abelian gauge theory, taken as a prototype field theoretical model,
is defined. We demonstrate the applications of the above definition (and its
further generalization) for the discussion of the (anti-)co-BRST symmetries
that exist for the field theoretical models of 2D- (and 4D) free Abelian gauge
theories considered on the four - (and six )-dimensional
supermanifolds, respectively.Comment: LaTeX file, 25 pages, Journal-versio
- …