Revealing the History and Mystery of RNA-Seq

Advances in RNA-sequencing technologies have led to the development of intriguing experimental setups, a massive accumulation of data, and high demand for tools to analyze it. To answer this demand, computational scientists have developed a myriad of data analysis pipelines, but it is less often considered what the most appropriate one is. The RNA-sequencing data analysis pipeline can be divided into three major parts: data pre-processing, followed by the main and downstream analyses. Here, we present an overview of the tools used in both the bulk RNA-seq and at the single-cell level, with a particular focus on alternative splicing and active RNA synthesis analysis. A crucial part of data pre-processing is quality control, which defines the necessity of the next steps; adapter removal, trimming, and filtering. After pre-processing, the data are finally analyzed using a variety of tools: differential gene expression, alternative splicing, and assessment of active synthesis, the latter requiring dedicated sample preparation. In brief, we describe the commonly used tools in the sample preparation and analysis of RNA-seq data

Effect of Micro-Pitting on Gear Vibrations and Dynamic Excitation Source

This paper quantitatively investigates the effect of micro-pitting on Transmission Error (TE) of a pair of spur gears and its correlation with vibrations. Micro-pitting is a gear surface failure phenomenon. It changes the gear profile form. The measured profile form variation can be used to calculate Transmission Error. This paper describes the micro-pitting test rig and profile form variation measurement. Calculation method of Transmission Error from profile form error data has also been presented

NASAL CARRIAGE OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON METHICILLINRESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS AMONG STUDENTS OF A SOUTH INDIAN MEDICAL COLLEGE - PREVALENCE AND ANTIBIOGRAM PATTERN

ABSTRACTObjective: There is paucity of information on carriage of Staphylococcus aureus and Methicillin Resistant S.aureus from developing nations includingthe medical students who could be the potential transmitters. Present study was aimed at establishing the prevalence and antibiogram pattern ofS. aureus with special emphasis on MRSA among II year MBBS students of Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore.Methods: A total of 148 students were participated in this study. Swabs taken from both anterior nares were processed, and the growth of S. aureuswas confirmed by standard procedure. Further categorization of S. aureus into MRSA was done using cefoxitin disc diffusion method, along with theantibiogram to other common drugs.Results: The number of strains of S. aureus isolated from our 148 participants was 78 with a percentage rate of 52.7. Of the 78 isolates of S. aureus,9 (11.5%) were MRSA. The overall MRSA carriage rate was 6.1%.Conclusion: The S. aureus and MRSA carriage rates recorded in this study were significantly higher when compared with other reported studies. Itwas observed that risk factors like use of antibiotics in past 6 months and snoring were found to be statistically significant in nasal carriage status ofS. aureus. Out of nine MRSA carriers, six were found to be having the parents who were busy clinicians by occupation and the close contact with themcould be the prime factor in the acquisition of MRSA carriage status.Keywords: Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA, Nasal carriage, Medical students

Preliminary Screening of Antimicrobial Properties of Few Medicinal Plants

Crude extracts were prepared from the leaves of ten medicinal plants viz., Alpinia galanga, Artabotrys uncinatus, Commelina benghalensis, Costus igneus, Euphorbia cyathopora, Justicia gendarussa, Kalanchoe pinnata, Panicum antidotale, Sauropus androgynous and Hibiscus using methanol as solvent and screened for their antibacterial activity against ten bacterial pathogens. The tested gram positive bacterial strains were Bacillus cerus, Bacillus megaterium, Micrococcus leuteus, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus lactis, and gram negative strains were Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Salmonella typhimurium. Among the ten plants tested, the methanol extracts of Alpinia galanga, Artabotrys uncinatus, Costus igneus and Yellow Hibiscus exhibited higher antibacterial activity when compared to the other plant extracts. These four plant extracts were further used for the phytochemical analysis. Results of the phytochemical analysis indicated the presence of alkaloids, phenolic compounds and flavanoids. The antibacterial activities of the leaves were due to the presence of various secondary metabolite

Sandwich composite of aluminum alloy and magnesium alloy through accumulative roll bonding technique

Aluminum and magnesium alloys are lightweight materials with outstanding technical uses. Due to their combined qualities, composites built of aluminum and magnesium alloys have surpassed the utilization of these elements individually. Accumulative Roll Bonding was used to create a three-layered sandwich composite structure made of Al-alloy/Mg-alloy/Al-alloy. The composite structure's microstructure and mechanical characteristics were studied. A fine-grained AZ31 layer was formed, according to the microstructural study. At the Al-alloy/Mg-alloy contact, a diffusion layer was also seen. On the broken surface, fractography exhibited both ductile and brittle failure characteristics

Evaluation of Change Factors for Web Service Change Management

AbstractService oriented architecture (SOA) is a smart designing principle which has been evolved for integrating business tasks. Business activities that have to be designed based on SOA are implemented via web services. Using web services (WS) one can exchange data between different applications and different platforms. Service providers register their services in the service registry and consumer obtains the required services from the same. The main concern in this routine which directly sways business growth rate is change management. Change management is an emerging issue in web service computing where clients might want to change the obtained services at some period of time. But in order to do it they should be requesting the provider programmers each and every time and separate payment has to be done for that task. In order to reduce this complexity we propose a new model for implementing change requests by business analysts themselves. Here we propose a new dynamic schema driven business logic model using Finite State Machine (FSM) to accomplish WS change management in a best manner so that business growth rate can be increased. This model is distinctively done for business analysts to perform changes in the services on their own instead of depending on the programmers. Furthermore a predictive model is contrived using cellular automata for supporting business analysts. The predictive model includes the change factors like order of execution; similarity measure, schema validation, and mapping function and time/space complexity which appears when a particular change request is executed

Effect of body weight on pregnancy outome

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Early pregnancy BMI and gestational weight gain have a strong effect on adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. Studies have found that Gestational diabetes, Pregnancy Induced Hypertension, emergency caesarean section, postpartum hemorrhage, wound infections, preterm delivery, large for gestational age (LGA), and fetal death in utero were more common in overweight and obese mothers. Likewise underweight women were at a higher risk of developing Anaemia, along with adverse neonatal outcomes like Intrauterine Growth retardation(IUGR) and prematurity thereby elevating the rate of infant hospitilisation and sometimes death. Many studies have been done in the Western countries whereas only few studies have been done on the Asian population. In India, previously the problems during pregnancy were more related to low BMI but with changing lifestyle, obesity is increasing rapidly especially in urban set ups and may become a major health problem in the future. Hence the need of the study is to evaluate the effect of body weight on pregnancy outcome in our Indian population. The aim of this study is to analyse the association between early pregnancy BMI and its effect on maternal and neonatal outcomes. The relationship between early pregnancy BMI and maternal weight gain was also studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A Prospective observational study comprising 253 antenatal women with singleton pregnancies, booked at PSG Hospital within the first 12 weeks of gestation has been conducted. Informed consent was taken. With the help of a pre-designed questionnaire, basic information including weight and height was collected and BMI calculated accordingly. Patients were divided into 4 groups such as Underweight (<18.5 kg/m 2), Normal (18.5-24.9), Overweight (25-29.9) and Obese (30 and above) based on their BMI which was calculated using the QUETELET’S Index. Weight gain during each visit was recorded and development of any antenatal complications throughout pregnancy was noted down. Information regarding postnatal complications, gestational age at delivery and also birth weight and Apgar score of the neonate was collected from the case sheets following delivery. Descriptive analysis has been done using statistical tools with SPSS software. Results on continuous measurements are presented on Mean ± SD (Min-Max) and results on categorical measurements are presented in Number (%). Chi-square test has been used to find the significance study parameters on categorical scale between two or more groups. Pearson correlation has been used to find the significance of relationship between early pregnancy BMI, weight gain, maternal and fetal outcomes. RESULTS: The study showed that there is a statistically significant association between BMI and adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. A statistically significant association was noted between BMI and weight gain. Lower BMI has been noted to be significantly associated with lower weight gain. As BMI increased, weight gain also increased. The risk of developing adverse maternal and fetal outcomes in women with extremes of BMI was also evaluated and found to be significant. CONCLUSION: Early pregnancy BMI and gestational weight gain have a strong effect on adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes, which is supported by a huge body of literature. In the study, it was seen that there was a strong association between BMI and adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. Underweight women were seen to develop anaemia, reduced liquor volume, increased rate of cesarean sections and deliver SGA with low Apgar score. It was seen that overweight and obese women had a much higher risk of developing adverse maternal outcomes like gestational diabetes, pregnancy induced hypertension, increased liquor volume, PPROM, increased rate of instrumental deliveries and cesarean sections, postpartum complications like post partum haemorrhage delayed wound healing, delivering LGA babies with low Apgar score. It was seen that overweight and obese women gained more weight than women with normal BMI, and least weight was gained by underweight women. The relative risk of various outcomes that a patient with high or low BMI can develop was also evaluated and my results were justified. Utmost importance needs to be given to BMI and the patterns of weight gain during pregnancy, as they are modifiable risk factors of adverse pregnancy outcomes. By performing this study it was possible to evaluate the association between BMI and its adverse effect on pregnancy outcome. It was also possible to analyse the association between BMI and gestational weight gain in our Indian set up, the results of all of which are alarming

Vehicle Health Monitoring System Using ARDUINO and IOT

The paper portrays the execution of a model framework utilized for effective constant information securing, motor warming and blockage of fuel pipe. Legitimate vehicle observing and support can spare time, cash and enhance the possession encounter. Our framework takes a shot at Arduino and IoT stage used to separate different parameters like motor warming and blockage in fuel pipe and so forth for protected and cautious driving. The information is sent to IoT which can be checked both by vehicle producer through distributed computing and proprietor of the vehicle by the android application. The equipment unit comprises of Arduino, WI-FI module, android based portable and distinctive parameter checking sensors module

Multilevel Security System for Bank Locker

From the ancient time to present time human are constantly changing the world with its valuable knowledge and concise. But We are always concerned with the security of our relatives and of our valuable things like ornaments , vehicles , wealth etc. Banks are one of the most secured places to keep our valuable things but they lacks some serious security features hence leading to robbery. In this paper we tried our best to enhance the security of BANK LOCKERS through some embedded security technology as stated below: 1. The Main purpose of the system is used to design and implement a Bank locker with a Security System Based On Fingerprint Scanner [5], User Password,RFID[9] ,Temperature And IR Sensor which can be implemented in homes and offices as well apart from the Banks. 2. Only authentic and verified person can access his/her belongings from the Bank locker. 3. In case of any attempt to open the bank locker without proper clearance. The security system will blow the alarm bell or buzzer[9] at security monitoring places