Homogeneous atmospheric temperatures derived from IASI :retrieval, extreme events and trends

info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublishe

Time evolution of temperature profiles retrieved from 13 years of IASI data using an artificial neural network

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Skin temperature from the Thermal Infrared Sounder IASI

While long-term temperature time series mostly rely on weather stations, only satellite data are able to provide systematic global temperature data, from pole to pole on a regular basis, over both land and sea. Satellites measure the “skin” temperature derived from upwelling radiation at the Earth’s land surface. The evolution of skin temperature is not yet fully exploited as its measurement is fairly recent.One of the IASI-Flux and Temperature ERC project tasks aims at providing new climate benchmarks by using skin temperature observations from the calibrated radiances measured twice a day at any location by the IASI thermal infrared instrument on the suite of Metop satellites (2006-2025). The uniqueness of this project is that the IASI-data record will be completely independent from third party information, with no other data from observations or models used, and can therefore serve as an independent reference to e.g. reanalysis, or other climate data records. In this presentation, we first describe our iterative method based on entropy reduction combined with artificial neural networks to derive an independent record of IASI temperature, we next compare and validate our novel method with different datasets (e.g. EUMETSAT, ECMWF reanalysis, SEVIRI satellite products and ground measurements). We then show our results of global skin temperature over land and sea and in different regions in the world over the period [2008- present]. The observed trends are analyzed at seasonal and regional scales in order to disentangle natural (weather/dynamical) variability and human-induced climate forcing. Finally, we show how expanding cities are hotspots for skin temperature reflecting the usefulness of skin temperature as a tracer for human-induced land use and climate change.info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublishe

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora