Effects of Rosiglitazone on the protein production and gene expression of resistin in adipocytes differentiated from 3T3-L1.

<p>Fully differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes were cultured with or without Rosiglitazone (10 uM) for 48 h. The resistin in the conditioned medium was measured (Fig. 7A). Total RNA purified from these samples was subjected to quantitative PCR analysis to determine the mRNA levels of resistin. Data were normalized against 18 s ribosomal RNA. For comparison, the levels of the resistin without Rosiglitazone were arbitrarily set at 1(Fig. 7B). The results were repeated for three times and expressed as mean ±S. <i>vs</i> control, *p<0.05**p<0.01.</p

Time course of adiponectin level in the explants incubation medium and serum.

<p>At the age of 5w, 6w and 7w, adiponectin level in the explants incubation medium (EIM) of the db/db mice was significantly lower than that of lean mice(P<0.01) (Fig. 8A), indicating that adiponectin production from the epididymal adipose tissue was decreased in db/db mice; Adiponectin in the serum was comparable between db/db mice and lean mice at each point (Fig. 8B).</p

Serum concentrations of fibroblast growth factor 21 (A), adiponectin (B), lipocalin-2 (C), fatty acid binding protein 4 (D) and plasminogen activating inhibitor 1 (E) at baseline and in response to overfeeding in healthy humans.

<p>^*P <0.05, ^**P ≤0.001. FABP4 data were log₁₀-transformed prior to statistical analysis.</p

The time course of body weight (BW) and total adipose tissue (tAT) percentage of BW.

<p>At the age of 5 week, BW was comparable between db/db mice and lean control. Db/db mice older than 6W had higher BW than lean control (<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0065543#pone-0065543-g001" target="_blank">Figure 1A</a>). At each time point, tAT(all AT from epididymal, perirenal and abodomal) percentage of body weight(BW) from db/db mice were significantly higher than lean control(<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0065543#pone-0065543-g001" target="_blank">Figure 1B</a>), indicating that fat tissue mass increased markedly in db/db mice from 5 weeks old.*P<0.01,compared with lean control at the same age.</p

Time course of resistin level in the explants incubation medium (EIM) and its relation to serum resistin level.

<p>At each time point, resistin production was decreased in db/db mice(<i>vs</i> lean control at the same age *P<0.05, **P<0.01, Fig. 4A); Fig. 4B showed the positive correlation between the resistin level in the explants incubation medium and the resistin level in the serum (r = 0.844 P = 0.000).</p

Treatment with Rosiglitazone increased the serum resistin level of db/db mice.

<p>Db/db mice were treated with PBS (control) or Rosiglitazone (20 mg/kg/day) by daily intra-gastric gavage for 4 weeks. The db/db mice treated with Rosiglitazone (Rosi) had higher level of serum resistin <i>vs</i> control(*P<0.05).</p

Relationships between circulating fatty acid binding protein 4 and fasting insulin (A) and percent body fat by DXA (B), and between adiponectin and visceral adipose tissue (C) and fasting serum non-esterified fatty acid (D) in men (empty circles) and women (dark circles).

<div><p>Depicted are the line of fit and the 95% confidence curves that were obtained from linear regression.</p> <p>Abbreviations: FABP4, fatty acid binding protein 4; AT, adipose tissue; NEFA, non-esterified fatty acid.</p></div

Associations between the change in adiponectin and change in weight (A) and BMI (B) and between the change in fatty acid binding protein 4 and change in fasting non-esterified fatty acid (C) and between the change in fibroblast growth factor 21 and resting metabolic rate (D) with overfeeding in men (empty circles) and women (dark circles).

<div><p>Change was calculated as day 28 minus baseline (∆). Depicted are the line of fit and the 95% confidence curves that were obtained from linear regression.</p> <p>Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; FABP4, fatty acid binding protein 4; FGF21, fibroblast growth factor 21; RMR, resting metabolic rate.</p></div

The resistin gene expression in the epididymal adipose tissue at the age of 5 weeks.

<p>Total RNA purified from these samples was subjected to quantitative PCR analysis to determine the mRNA levels of resistin. Data were normalized against 18s ribosomal RNA. For comparison, the gene expression levels in the lean control mice were arbitrarily set at 1. **p<0.01 <i>vs</i> lean control.</p

Clinical and biochemical parameters of study subjects by group.

<p>Data represented by mean ± standard deviation;</p>a<p>indicates group significantly different from control;</p>b<p>indicates group significantly different from obese without diabetes;</p>c<p>indicates group significantly different from non-obese diabetes;</p>d<p>indicates group significantly different from obese diabetes. Level of significance is given at p≤0.05. Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; SAD, sagittal abdominal diameter; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; HDL, high-density lipoprotein.</p