Evaluating the Effect of Timeline Shape on Visualization Task Performance

Timelines are commonly represented on a horizontal line, which is not necessarily the most effective way to visualize temporal event sequences. However, few experiments have evaluated how timeline shape influences task performance. We present the design and results of a controlled experiment run on Amazon Mechanical Turk (n=192) in which we evaluate how timeline shape affects task completion time, correctness, and user preference. We tested 12 combinations of 4 shapes -- horizontal line, vertical line, circle, and spiral -- and 3 data types -- recurrent, non-recurrent, and mixed event sequences. We found good evidence that timeline shape meaningfully affects user task completion time but not correctness and that users have a strong shape preference. Building on our results, we present design guidelines for creating effective timeline visualizations based on user task and data types. A free copy of this paper, the evaluation stimuli and data, and code are available at https://osf.io/qr5yu/Comment: 12 pages, 5 figure

Mitochondrial DNA haplogroup T is associated with coronary artery disease and diabetic retinopathy: a case control study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>There is strong and consistent evidence that oxidative stress is crucially involved in the development of atherosclerotic vascular disease. Overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mitochondria is an unifying mechanism that underlies micro- and macrovascular atherosclerotic disease. Given the central role of mitochondria in energy and ROS production, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is an obvious candidate for genetic susceptibility studies on atherosclerotic processes. We therefore examined the association between mtDNA haplogroups and coronary artery disease (CAD) as well as diabetic retinopathy.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>This study of Middle European Caucasians included patients with angiographically documented CAD (n = 487), subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus with (n = 149) or without (n = 78) diabetic retinopathy and control subjects without clinical manifestations of atherosclerotic disease (n = 1527). MtDNA haplotyping was performed using multiplex PCR and subsequent multiplex primer extension analysis for determination of the major European haplogroups. Haplogroup frequencies of patients were compared to those of control subjects without clinical manifestations of atherosclerotic disease.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Haplogroup T was significantly more prevalent among patients with CAD than among control subjects (14.8% vs 8.3%; p = 0.002). In patients with type 2 diabetes, the presence of diabetic retinopathy was also significantly associated with a higher prevalence of haplogroup T (12.1% vs 5.1%; p = 0.046).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our data indicate that the mtDNA haplogroup T is associated with CAD and diabetic retinopathy in Middle European Caucasian populations.</p

Welleninterferenz, bei welcher der Gangunterschied ohne Wegdifferenz erreicht wird

Vorgelegt in der Sitzung am 23. März 1911 Zusammenfassung der Resultate. 1. Durch Benützung einer Tonquelle erreicht man mit einem geeignet gekoppelten λ/2 Resonanzsystem (Interferenzialresonator) durch richtige Auswahl seiner Schwingungsformen Interferenz zweier kohärenten Tonwellen zu einer Maximalamplitude und zur Amplitude Null. 2. Durch Ausschließung der Wegdifferenz sowie jeder einseitigen Behandlung der interferierenden Teilwellen vom Gabelungs- bis zum Vereinigungspunkt erzielt man eine für quantitative Messungen des Interferenzprinzips geeignete Versuchsanordnung. 3. Die quantitativen Messungen bestätigen in ausgezeichneter Weise das Superpositionsprinzip. 4. Der Interferenzialresonator hat auch hier den Vorzug größerer Abstimmschärfe. 5. Der Interferenzialresonator hat, als Lippenpfeife umgeformt, die Klangfarbe einer gedeckten Pfeife, da in diesem Falle alle geradzahligen Obertöne durch Interferenz zu Null herausfallen