44,625 research outputs found
Exterior splashes and linear sets of rank 3
In \PG(2,q^3), let be a subplane of order that is exterior to
\li. The exterior splash of is defined to be the set of
points on \li that lie on a line of . This article investigates
properties of an exterior \orsp\ and its exterior splash. We show that the
following objects are projectively equivalent: exterior splashes, covers of the
circle geometry , Sherk surfaces of size , and
\GF(q)-linear sets of rank 3 and size . We compare our construction
of exterior splashes with the projection construction of a linear set. We give
a geometric construction of the two different families of sublines in an
exterior splash, and compare them to the known families of sublines in a
scattered linear set of rank 3
The tangent splash in \PG(6,q)
Let B be a subplane of PG(2,q^3) of order q that is tangent to .
Then the tangent splash of B is defined to be the set of q^2+1 points of
that lie on a line of B. In the Bruck-Bose representation of
PG(2,q^3) in PG(6,q), we investigate the interaction between the ruled surface
corresponding to B and the planes corresponding to the tangent splash of B. We
then give a geometric construction of the unique order--subplane determined
by a given tangent splash and a fixed order--subline.Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1303.550
Disability in Kazakhstan : an evaluation of official data
In order to answer the questions of (a) what is the true pattern of disability in Kazakhstan; (b) whether the incidence of disability is decreasing; and (c) what is the life expectancy of Kazakhstan's disabled, this paper attempts first to create an historical picture of disability in Kazakhstan by analyzing government population statistics and studying the evolution of disability determination procedure in the former Soviet Union and independent Kazakhstan. Doing so is not a trivial task, as there has been almost no systematic research, either in Russian or English. The paper concludes that the optimistic official picture of disability patterns in Kazakhstan is almost certainly inaccurate. The paper details that the quality of official disability data is high, and much can be learned from the patterns. However, changing definitions and strictness of enforcement make time series comparisons problematic, and the improvements in adult disability recorded are inconsistent both with trends for children, and with mortality trends. Rather, the authors note that barriers for applying disability benefits have increased and incentives to report disabilities have decreased markedly in the past 15 years, so that it is virtually certain that there is substantial hidden disability.Population Policies,Disease Control&Prevention,Disability,,Social Protections&Assistance
Kazakhstan's Pension System: Pressures for Change and Dramatic Reforms
Five years ago, Kazakhstan embarked on a dramatic reform of its pension and social security system in order to move from an unsustainable public defined benefit ("solidarity") system to one of defined mandatory contributions (accumulative system). While assessment of long-run success is premature, early results have exceeded expectations. This paper considers the reform's rationale and initial impact: Why did the Government of Kazakhstan decide to introduce a new pension system? What advantages did the state perceive? Was the Government's decision appropriate, and what alternatives existed? The paper also analyzes pension reform issues that have yet to be fully resolved.
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