The primary school students' views on scientists and scientific knowledge (Sample of Kırşehir)

Fen bilimlerindeki gelişmeleri ve bilim dallarının oluşumunu bilmek, bilim insanlarının mesleki niteliklerini ve kişilik özelliklerini tanımak fen öğretiminin bazı sorunlarına ışık tutabilir Bu nedenle öğrencilerin bilim insanları hakkına ne düşündüklerini ortaya çıkarmak önemlidir. Ayrıca fen öğretiminde bilim insanlarının ortaya koyduğu bilimsel bilgi hakkında öğrencilerinin görüşlerinin ortaya çıkarılması fen öğretimdeki kavram yanılgılarının tespit edilmesine olanak sağlayabilir. Bu nedenle çalışmada ilköğretim öğrencilerinin bilim insanı ve bilimsel bilgi hakkındaki görüşleri ortaya ç ıkarılması amaçlanmıştır. Yapılan araştırmada nitel araştırma türlerinden biri olan durum çalışması kullanılmıştır. Araştırma grubunu Kırşehir İli Kaman İlçesine bağlı bir ilköğretim okulunun 6, 7 ve 8. sınıfta öğrenim gören toplam 60 öğrenci oluşturmakta dır. Veri toplama aracı olarak “Bilim insanı” ve “Bilimsel bilgi” konularına yönelik hazırlanmış 9 açık uçlu soru kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler içerik analiz yöntemiyle çözümlenmiştir. Araştırmanın sonucunda, öğrencilerin genel olarak bilim insanıyla ilgili buluşlar-icatlar yapan, bilimle uğraşan, insanlığa faydalı olmaya çalışan ve çalışkan benzer özellikleri benimsedikleri görülmektedir. Ayrıca öğrencilerin yaklaşık yarısı bilimsel bilginin zamanla değişeceğini düşünürken; diğer yarısı ise bilimsel bilginin değişmeyeceğini düşünmektedir.Following the developments in natural and applied sciences and being acquainted with the evolution of disciplines, scientists' occupational and personality traits can shed light on the issues in teaching natural and applied sciences. For this reason, finding out wh at students think about scientists is important. Investigating students' views on the scientific knowledge that is produced by scientists might create the opportunity to determine the misconceptions existing in teaching natural and applied sciences. In th is vein, the current study investigates primary school students' views on scientists and scientific knowledge. The current research is framed within case study research, one of the qualitative research methods. The population of the study is the students in classes between 6 and 8 grades in Kaman in Kırşehir. The participants of the study were 60 students (20 students in each grade) of a primary school in the county, Kaman. 9 o pen -ended questions on "scientists" and "scientific knowledge" were used as the data collection instrument. The students were asked to provide their written responses to the questions and the data collected were subject to content analysis. The findings of the study revealed that the students were of the opinion that scientists are people that share some traits such as inventing and discovering, involving in scientific work, helping people and working hard. While almost half of the students in all grades claim that scientific knowledge can change in course of time, the rest think that it does not

Intracranial Saccular Aneurysm in a Child With Only Persistent Headache

WOS: 000354546700013PubMed ID: 25156664Headache is one of the common symptoms of intracranial aneursym. A 5-year-old child lately presented to our pediatric emergency department with persistent headache. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed a 7x8 mm rounded lesion with slowly heterogeneous low signal in T2 sequence consistent with a partial occluded aneurysm, in the right medial frontal lobe that close to anterior cerebral artery. Intracranial aneurysms are rare in children and they are noncommon without complications as our case

Relationship between disease severity and D-dimer levels measured with two different methods in pulmonary embolism patients

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Pulmonary embolism (PE) is diagnosed with increasing frequency nowadays due to advances in the diagnostic methods and the increased awareness of the disease. There is a tendency to use non invasive diagnostic methods for all diseases. D-dimer is a fibrin degradation product. We aimed to detect the relationship between disease severity and the D-dimer levels measured with two different methods. We compared D-dimer levels in cases of massive vs. non-massive PE. A total of 89 patients who were diagnosed between 2006 and 2008 were included in the study. Group 1 included patients whose D-dimer levels were measured with the immunoturbidimetric polyclonal antibody method (D-dimerPLUS^®), while Group 2 patients made use of the immunoturbidimetric monoclonal antibody method (InnovanceD-DIMER^®). In each group, the D-dimer levels of those with massive and non-massive PE were compared, using the Mann Whitney U test. The mean age of Group 1 (25 F/26 M) was 56.0 ± 17.9 years, and that of Group 2 (22 F/16 M) was 52.9 ± 17.9 years. There was no statistical difference in gender and mean age between the two groups (p > 0.05). In Group 1, the mean D-dimer level of massive cases (n = 7) was 1444.9 ± 657.9 μg/L and that of nonmassive PE (n = 34) was 1304.7 ± 350.5 μg/L (p > 0.05). In Group 2, the mean D-dimer level of massive cases (n = 6) was 9.7 ± 2.2 mg/L and that of non-massive PE (n = 32) was 5.9 ± 1.3 mg/L (p < 0.05). The mean D-dimer levels of massive cases as measured with the immunoturbidimetric monoclonal antibody method were significantly higher. Pulmonary embolism patients whose D-dimer levels are higher (especially higher than 6.6 mg/L) should be considered as possibly having massive embolism. Diagnostic procedures and management can be planned according to this finding.</p

Complicated fingertip defects: Clinical approach to their reconstruction and the flaps that can be used in emergency settings

Aim: Numerous flaps have been described for the reconstruction of complicated defects of the fingertip. The aim of this study was to evaluate our experience on flaps that can be used in emergency settings, and analyze the outcomes of these procedures. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of 81 patients, who presented to the emergency unit with complicated fingertip defects between 2009 and 2014 and in whom replantation was deemed unsuitable due to various reasons including crush or avulsion type of injury mechanism, absence of the amputated part, or unrepairable vascular injury in the amputate, was carried out. Results: Eighty-nine flaps were performed in 81 patients. The defects were repaired with V-Y advancement flaps in 57% (45 patients – 51 fingers) of the defects, kite flap in 15% (13 patients – 13 fingers), cross-finger flap in 12% (11 patients – 11 fingers), Kutler flap in 6% (4 patients – 5 fingers), digital artery perforator flap in 6% (4 patients – 5 fingers), and thenar flap in 4% (4 patients – 4 fingers) of the injuries. One patient operated with the digital artery perforator flap, and one other operated with the kite flap, developed partial flap necroses. There were no other complications. Conclusion: Functional and esthetic restoration of soft tissues in the fingers is possible with the use of appropriate flaps and meticulous surgical technique

Vitamin D deficiency as a probable factor in patients with lowback and back pain: A retrospective study

Aim: Vitamin D is associated with many musculoskeletal system functions and its deficiency is a common health problem in the world. Lowback and back pain arealso an important health problems in terms of low quality of life, cost of labor loss, diagnosis and treatment approaches. The aim of this study was to investigate the deficiency of vitamin D in patients with complaints of lowback or back pain.Methods: The outpatients between 18-45 years of age, whose vitamin D levelsaremeasured in 2015, were scanned through the hospital information system. Serum 25-(OH) D  levels below 20 ng/mL wereconsidered as vitamin D deficiency, 20 ng / mL and above were normal.Patients were divided into two groups according to the presence of pain. The patients who were with lowback or back pain were treated as group 1, and patients who did not complain pain as group 2. Group 1 and group 2 were compared in terms of the presence of vitamin D deficiency. In the analysis of the data, descriptive statistics, mean and standard deviation for continuous variables, and number and percentage for categorical data were used. Chi-square test was used for comparisons. Significance was assessed at a 95% safety interval and p &lt;0.05 was considered as significant.Results: Vitamin D levels were measured in 28,148 of the patients between the ages of 18 and 45 who applied to our hospital during the study period. Vitamin D deficiency was 84.5% in group 1 patients whereas it was 75.7% in group 2 patients. A statistically significant difference was found in patients with lowback or back pains, with a higher incidence of vitamin D deficiency compared to the other group (p = 0.001).Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency is often asymptomatic and may cause bone and muscle pain. In our study, we frequently observed deficiency of vitamin D in patients with lumbar or back pain. In this context, the level of vitamin D should be evaluated during the approach to lowback and back pain

Experimental design for cellular barcoding of 3D spheroids and their establishment.

A. Schematic of an experimental design. B. Bright field microscope image of 3D-HT-29 spheroids and C. 3D-HTC-116 spheroids. D. The cell viability assay for determining the dabrafenib-dependent sensitives of 3D-HT-29 spheroids and E. irinotecan-dependent sensitivities of 3D-HCT-116 spheroids. Error bars represent mean ± SD.</p

Establishment of drug resistant derivatives of 3D spheroids.

A. The cell viability assay for the confirmation of dabrafenib resistance in dabrafenib-resistant 3D-HT-29 spheroid replicates A, B and C in comparison to DMSO treated spheroids. B. IC50 values of dabrafenib-resistant 3D-HT-29 spheroid replicates A, B and C and DMSO control spheroids are presented using bar chart. The one-way ANOVA test was used for a statistical test. C. Brightfield microscope images of dabrafenib-resistant 3D-HT-29 spheroid replicates A, B and C and DMSO control spheroids. D. Dose response analysis for the validation of irinotecan resistance in irinotecan resistant 3D-HCT-116 spheroid replicates A, B and C in comparison to DMSO treated spheroids. E. IC50 values of irinotecan-resistant 3D-HCT-116 spheroid replicates A, B and C in comparison to DMSO treated spheroids were presented using bar chart. The one-way ANOVA test was used for a statistical test. F. Bright field microscope images of irinotecan-resistant 3D-HCT-116 spheroid replicates A, B and C and DMSO treated spheroids are shown. Error bars represent mean ± SD. * = p<0.05, ** = p<0.01.</p