Synthesis of Sulfotyrosine Bearing Peptides and Analogues

Sulfation of tyrosine residues is a post-translational modification that occurs on many secretory as well as transmembrane proteins. This modification is believed to be essential for numerous biological processes. However, one of the factors hindering the study of the significance of sulfotyrosine (sTyr) within a protein is the absence of a general method that enables the synthesis of sTyr peptides in satisfactory yields and purity. A general approach to the synthesis of sTyr-bearing peptides was developed in which the sTyr residue is incorporated into the peptides with the sulfate group protected. For the implementation of this general approach a new protecting group for sulfates, namely, the dichlorovinyl (DCV) group was developed. This was accomplished by conducting a careful analysis of the reaction of a trichloroethyl (TCE)-protected sulfate ester with piperidine and 2-methylpiperidine (2-MP). A unique sulfuryl imidazolium reagent, compound 2.22, was also developed that enabled the ready synthesis of DCV-protected sulfates. This reagent was used to prepare the amino acid building block FmocTyr(SO3DCV)OH (2.23). An alternative and more economical synthesis of FmocTyr(SO3DCV)OH (2.23) was also developed that did not require reagent 2.22. Fmoc-based solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) was used to incorporate 2.23 into peptides using 2-MP for Fmoc removal. After cleavage of the peptide from the support, the DCV group was removed by hydrogenolysis to give sTyr peptides in good yield and purity. Using this approach a variety of sTyr peptides were prepared including a tetrasulfated 20-mer corresponding to residues 14-33 in chemokine receptor D6 and a disulfated 35-mer corresponding to residues 8-42 of the N-terminus region of the chemokine receptor DARC and this is the largest multisulfated sTyr–bearing peptide made to date. It was also demonstrated that the incorporation of an important non-hydrolyzable sTyr analog, 4-(sulfonomethyl)phenylalanine (Smp), into peptides can be accomplished in good yield by protecting the sulfonate residue with a TCE group during SPPS. This approach was shown to be superior to the previously reported method where the sulfonate group is unprotected. Finally, a number of sulfotyrosine bearing peptides were synthesized and tested as protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B (PTP1B) inhibitor

Designing and Developing Electronic Health System Using XML & RDM

An examination of many hospitals that recently implemented in King Saudi Arabia(KSA) a little electronic health record (EHR) system finds that clinical and administrative leaders built EHR adoption into their strategic plans to integrate inpatient and outpatient care and pro­vide a continuum of coordinated services. Using Relational Data Base Management (RDM) and eXtend Marker Language (XML) Systems .Successful implementation depended on: strong leadership, full involvement of clinical staff in design and implementation, mandatory staff training, and strict adherence to timeline and budget. The EHR systems facilitate patient safety and quality improvement through: use of checklists, alerts, and predictive tools; embedded clinical guidelines that promote standardized, evidence-based practices; elec­tronic prescribing and test-ordering that reduces errors and redundancy; and discrete data fields that foster use of performance dashboards and compliance reports. The system will be developed using PHP Hiper Page(PHP) as web based system. Key word: XML, RDM,EHR.EMR,GIS,PH

Computerization of Medical Analysis Laboratories in the Sudan between Reality and Expectations

The rapid development of the techniques used in laboratories led generating massive amounts of data in record time, which put scientists on the front line not only with the interpretation of this data to vital information but with the store this data in databases organization in a good way that allows retrieved easily, and this what led to the emergence of science bioinformatics, which applies computer technology to the management of these bioinformatics, as has this science developed several algorithms and software for analyzing the genome ( after becoming exposed in front of us) and comparing with DNA sequences and chains of proteins with each other or matching new strings with previously undiscovered chains in order to gain access to information about the functions of the new strings without having to use laboratory experiments (which may take month). A medical information services are one of the important pillars of the researchers, but this information becomes worthless or useful if it does not reach in a timely manner and to the extent appropriate. Medical information is considered substrate upon which the medical research in the various fields in Sudan, and so had to be interest in release of its information statement and its role in various fields. There are in the state of Khartoum multiple institutions of medical information in its institutions of medical universities and, have noted the researcher that the institutions of medical information are deficient in human cadre and technical, and there is a decline in the information services provided by these institutions have been given all these and other reasons, the researcher of the study Systems Division Medical Information and Documentation Centre information(SDMIDCI). The study has pursued the study of the case in the institutions of the information, has been used to study a number of scientific disciplines represented in the curriculum, both descriptive and analytical survey, while the study used to collect the data of the following tools: resolution as a key tool in data collection, interview and observation. Questionnaire was distributed to beneficiaries researchers and graduate students and university students of specialty medical laboratory databases of global and local at the Center for Documentation and Information at the National Center for Research. In Conclusion search accept the proposal of information systems in the laboratories of medical tests Sudanese, and the reality of the application of these systems in Sudan and accept results and recommendations is the most important weakness of human resources and lack of uses of modern technologies to reach the medical information in a timely manner, which is the infrastructure in the institutions of medical information then the low information services in those institutions. The researcher recommended that the state give precedence maximum support and medical information sector at the policy level and work to provide medical information to non-traditional fit with the nature of the specialized medical institutions. Keywords: SDMIDCI, DNA, Questionnaire, science bioinformatic

1,2,4-Triazine Chemistry Part II: Synthetic approaches for phosphorus containing 1,2,4-triazine derivatives

This review represents the methods developed for the synthesis of phosphorus containing 1,2,4-triazine moieties. These methods depends on the phosphorylation of side functional groups of 1,2,4-triazines and cyclization of side functional groups of 1,2,4-triazines with phosphorus reagents to give isolated and fused phosphorus heterocyclic systems

The Impact of Big Data Analytics on Investment Efficiency and Financial Performance: Evidence from Saudi Stock Market

The paper investigates the determinants of adopting big data analytics (BDA) in the Saudi environment according to vision 2030, in addition to the impact of BDA on both investment efficiency and financial performance, we analyzed the academic accounting literature and provide a theoretical framework for each variable. Furthermore, to achieve our research objectives we developed three hypotheses and tested them through an empirical study based on three statistical models; our sample consisted of the largest 50 companies operating in the Saudi stock market for five years (2017-2021). Going further, our findings illustrated that (1) Firm Size, Cash Flows, Growth Opportunities, and Dividend Policy have a positive significant impact on the adoption of big data analytics (2) Leverage and Working Capital have a positive significant impact on the adoption of big data analytics (3) There is a positive impact of the adoptions of big data analytics on investment efficiency (4) There is a positive impact of the adoptions of big data analytics on the financial performance

Determination and assessment of essential elements in Acacia Nilotica-a medicinal and folk uses by different analytical methods

Acacia Nilotica is a good source of several nutrient elements essential for some metabolic processes. The pods of Acacia Nilotica collected from different areas in Sudan have been analysed for 6 minor (Li, Na, K, Mg, Ca, P) and 3 trace (Fe, Zn, Mn) elements by flame photometry and atomic absorption spectrophotometry using the standard addition and calibration curve methods, respectively. The phosphorous, however, was determined U.V. spectrophotometrically using the standard addition method for measurement of the absorbance, at 410 nm of the complex produced by the coupling of meta-molybdate ammonium vanadate with phosphorous. The ash content, density, colour and pH were also determined by standard methods. The results obtained showed that acacia nilotica samples have been found to be especially rich in several nutrient elements such as, K, Fe and P. Concentration of elements are discussed vis-à-vis their medicinal/therapeutic uses. Several statistics like PCA and correlation matrix between elements and pH were performed to the dataset in order to distinguish between geogenic enrichment, lithiogenic, and anthropogenic pollution elements found in the pods. The results suggested anthropogenic and geogenic origin of Na, Ca, P, Fe, Zn, Mn, while Li, K, Mg  showed lithogenic and/or geogenic origin and was associated and controlled by mixed origin

Performance Evaluation of Gravity Quay Walls under Seismic Loads

This study explores the seismic performance of a prototype block-type quay wall using the PLAXIS 2D software. The numerical model was forced by historical records of two earthquakes employing four soil types including sand, clay, gravel, and rock. The study investigated the influence of the earthquake seismic motion level, seismic motion configuration, peak ground acceleration (PGA) value, tidal range, and soil type on the structure behavior under the seismic action. Additionally, we assessed the accepted damage level of the structure based on the computed horizontal displacement and tilting. Results indicate that the structure behaves differently under the same seismic load conditions when changing the soil type. Larger horizontal displacements are found below the rubble base for the sandy soil case in comparison with gravel and rocky soils. Moreover, the seismic motion configuration significantly affects the structure behavior even when the PGA is unchanged. The structure is significantly affected by the seismic action when it starts suddenly with a strong acceleration during the first seconds of the earthquake when the soil is sand. However, the contrary behavior occurs for gravel and rocky soils. Results also indicate that changing the seismic motion level and the tidal range have a minor impact on the structure behavior. The most critical section is located at the toe of the rubble base. Results show that the worst and best performances of the structure are obtained with sand and gravel soils, respectively. In most conditions, a controlled damage was obtained with a tilting\u3c 1.5˚ and a normalized horizontal displacement \u3c5% for PGA values\u3c 0.5 g. Otherwise, failures would take place due to the seaward displacement of the quay wall structure

Is spinopelvic sagittal alignment correlated with pain level, functional disability and frontal plane projection angle in women with patellofemoral pain syndrome? A cross-sectional study

There is a growing interest concerning the understanding of measurements of spinal and leg alignment in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS). However, evaluating spinopelvic alignment in the sagittal plane with pain level, functional disability and frontal plane projection angle (FPPA) in PFPS has not been adequately addressed. The aim of the study was to identify the correlation of spinopelvic parameters with pain level, functional disability and frontal plane projection angle in women with PFPS. This was a cross–sectional study involving sixty female patients diagnosed with PEPS, with a mean age of 32±6.47. The measurements used in the study included: radiographic parameters (X-Ray), the numeric pain rating scale (NPRS), the Arabic anterior knee pain scale (AAKP/Kujala) and the 2D-FPPA. Spearman correlation analysis was conducted to evaluate the relationship between these parameters. The results of our study demonstrated a strong positive correlation of lumbar lordosis (LL) with pain level and FPPA (r=0.825, r=0.812, p=0.0001). Also, a strong positive correlation of sacral slope (SS) with pain level (r = 0.0.820) and FPPA (r= 0.783). Pelvic tilt (PT) showed a moderate correlation with pain level (r = 0.0.614) and FPPA (r= 0.605), while a weak negative correlation was found between LL, SS and PT and functional disability score (r=-0.397, r=-0.385 and, r=-0.215 p=0.002). It was concluded that LL, SS and PT were significantly related to the pain level, functional disability and frontal plane projection angle in women with PFPS. These spinal alignments should be considered in clinical evaluation of knee-related disorders associated with PFPS