7 research outputs found
Condensation on Superhydrophobic Surfaces: The Role of Local Energy Barriers and Structure Length Scale
Water condensation on surfaces is a ubiquitous phase-change
process
that plays a crucial role in nature and across a range of industrial
applications, including energy production, desalination, and environmental
control. Nanotechnology has created opportunities to manipulate this
process through the precise control of surface structure and chemistry,
thus enabling the biomimicry of natural surfaces, such as the leaves
of certain plant species, to realize superhydrophobic condensation.
However, this ābottom-upā wetting process is inadequately
described using typical global thermodynamic analyses and remains
poorly understood. In this work, we elucidate, through imaging experiments
on surfaces with structure length scales ranging from 100 nm to 10
Ī¼m and wetting physics, how local energy barriers are essential
to understand non-equilibrium condensed droplet morphologies and demonstrate
that overcoming these barriers via nucleation-mediated dropletādroplet
interactions leads to the emergence of wetting states not predicted
by scale-invariant global thermodynamic analysis. This mechanistic
understanding offers insight into the role of surface-structure length
scale, provides a quantitative basis for designing surfaces optimized
for condensation in engineered systems, and promises insight into
ice formation on surfaces that initiates with the condensation of
subcooled water
Condensation on Superhydrophobic Surfaces: The Role of Local Energy Barriers and Structure Length Scale
Water condensation on surfaces is a ubiquitous phase-change
process
that plays a crucial role in nature and across a range of industrial
applications, including energy production, desalination, and environmental
control. Nanotechnology has created opportunities to manipulate this
process through the precise control of surface structure and chemistry,
thus enabling the biomimicry of natural surfaces, such as the leaves
of certain plant species, to realize superhydrophobic condensation.
However, this ābottom-upā wetting process is inadequately
described using typical global thermodynamic analyses and remains
poorly understood. In this work, we elucidate, through imaging experiments
on surfaces with structure length scales ranging from 100 nm to 10
Ī¼m and wetting physics, how local energy barriers are essential
to understand non-equilibrium condensed droplet morphologies and demonstrate
that overcoming these barriers via nucleation-mediated dropletādroplet
interactions leads to the emergence of wetting states not predicted
by scale-invariant global thermodynamic analysis. This mechanistic
understanding offers insight into the role of surface-structure length
scale, provides a quantitative basis for designing surfaces optimized
for condensation in engineered systems, and promises insight into
ice formation on surfaces that initiates with the condensation of
subcooled water
Condensation on Superhydrophobic Surfaces: The Role of Local Energy Barriers and Structure Length Scale
Water condensation on surfaces is a ubiquitous phase-change
process
that plays a crucial role in nature and across a range of industrial
applications, including energy production, desalination, and environmental
control. Nanotechnology has created opportunities to manipulate this
process through the precise control of surface structure and chemistry,
thus enabling the biomimicry of natural surfaces, such as the leaves
of certain plant species, to realize superhydrophobic condensation.
However, this ābottom-upā wetting process is inadequately
described using typical global thermodynamic analyses and remains
poorly understood. In this work, we elucidate, through imaging experiments
on surfaces with structure length scales ranging from 100 nm to 10
Ī¼m and wetting physics, how local energy barriers are essential
to understand non-equilibrium condensed droplet morphologies and demonstrate
that overcoming these barriers via nucleation-mediated dropletādroplet
interactions leads to the emergence of wetting states not predicted
by scale-invariant global thermodynamic analysis. This mechanistic
understanding offers insight into the role of surface-structure length
scale, provides a quantitative basis for designing surfaces optimized
for condensation in engineered systems, and promises insight into
ice formation on surfaces that initiates with the condensation of
subcooled water
Condensation on Superhydrophobic Surfaces: The Role of Local Energy Barriers and Structure Length Scale
Water condensation on surfaces is a ubiquitous phase-change
process
that plays a crucial role in nature and across a range of industrial
applications, including energy production, desalination, and environmental
control. Nanotechnology has created opportunities to manipulate this
process through the precise control of surface structure and chemistry,
thus enabling the biomimicry of natural surfaces, such as the leaves
of certain plant species, to realize superhydrophobic condensation.
However, this ābottom-upā wetting process is inadequately
described using typical global thermodynamic analyses and remains
poorly understood. In this work, we elucidate, through imaging experiments
on surfaces with structure length scales ranging from 100 nm to 10
Ī¼m and wetting physics, how local energy barriers are essential
to understand non-equilibrium condensed droplet morphologies and demonstrate
that overcoming these barriers via nucleation-mediated dropletādroplet
interactions leads to the emergence of wetting states not predicted
by scale-invariant global thermodynamic analysis. This mechanistic
understanding offers insight into the role of surface-structure length
scale, provides a quantitative basis for designing surfaces optimized
for condensation in engineered systems, and promises insight into
ice formation on surfaces that initiates with the condensation of
subcooled water
Condensation on Superhydrophobic Surfaces: The Role of Local Energy Barriers and Structure Length Scale
Water condensation on surfaces is a ubiquitous phase-change
process
that plays a crucial role in nature and across a range of industrial
applications, including energy production, desalination, and environmental
control. Nanotechnology has created opportunities to manipulate this
process through the precise control of surface structure and chemistry,
thus enabling the biomimicry of natural surfaces, such as the leaves
of certain plant species, to realize superhydrophobic condensation.
However, this ābottom-upā wetting process is inadequately
described using typical global thermodynamic analyses and remains
poorly understood. In this work, we elucidate, through imaging experiments
on surfaces with structure length scales ranging from 100 nm to 10
Ī¼m and wetting physics, how local energy barriers are essential
to understand non-equilibrium condensed droplet morphologies and demonstrate
that overcoming these barriers via nucleation-mediated dropletādroplet
interactions leads to the emergence of wetting states not predicted
by scale-invariant global thermodynamic analysis. This mechanistic
understanding offers insight into the role of surface-structure length
scale, provides a quantitative basis for designing surfaces optimized
for condensation in engineered systems, and promises insight into
ice formation on surfaces that initiates with the condensation of
subcooled water
Condensation on Superhydrophobic Surfaces: The Role of Local Energy Barriers and Structure Length Scale
Water condensation on surfaces is a ubiquitous phase-change
process
that plays a crucial role in nature and across a range of industrial
applications, including energy production, desalination, and environmental
control. Nanotechnology has created opportunities to manipulate this
process through the precise control of surface structure and chemistry,
thus enabling the biomimicry of natural surfaces, such as the leaves
of certain plant species, to realize superhydrophobic condensation.
However, this ābottom-upā wetting process is inadequately
described using typical global thermodynamic analyses and remains
poorly understood. In this work, we elucidate, through imaging experiments
on surfaces with structure length scales ranging from 100 nm to 10
Ī¼m and wetting physics, how local energy barriers are essential
to understand non-equilibrium condensed droplet morphologies and demonstrate
that overcoming these barriers via nucleation-mediated dropletādroplet
interactions leads to the emergence of wetting states not predicted
by scale-invariant global thermodynamic analysis. This mechanistic
understanding offers insight into the role of surface-structure length
scale, provides a quantitative basis for designing surfaces optimized
for condensation in engineered systems, and promises insight into
ice formation on surfaces that initiates with the condensation of
subcooled water
data_sheet_1.DOCX
<p>Silicon is considered as a promising anode material for the next-generation lithium-ion battery (LIB) due to its high capacity at nanoscale. However, silicon expands up to 300% during lithiation, which induces high stresses and leads to fractures. To design silicon nanostructures that could minimize fracture, it is important to understand and characterize stress states in the silicon nanostructures during lithiation. Synchrotron X-ray microdiffraction has proven to be effective in revealing insights of mechanical stress and other mechanics considerations in small-scale crystalline structures used in many important technological applications, such as microelectronics, nanotechnology, and energy systems. In the present study, an in situ synchrotron X-ray microdiffraction experiment was conducted to elucidate the mechanical stress states during the first electrochemical cycle of lithiation in single-crystalline silicon nanowires (SiNWs) in an LIB test cell. Morphological changes in the SiNWs at different levels of lithiation were also studied using scanning electron microscope (SEM). It was found from SEM observation that lithiation commenced predominantly at the top surface of SiNWs followed by further progression toward the bottom of the SiNWs gradually. The hydrostatic stress of the crystalline core of the SiNWs at different levels of electrochemical lithiation was determined using the in situ synchrotron X-ray microdiffraction technique. We found that the crystalline core of the SiNWs became highly compressive (up to -325.5āMPa) once lithiation started. This finding helps unravel insights about mechanical stress states in the SiNWs during the electrochemical lithiation, which could potentially pave the path toward the fracture-free design of silicon nanostructure anode materials in the next-generation LIB.</p