Effect of Mobility on the Quality of Life among Older Adults in Geriatric Home at Makkah Al-Mukarramah

Background: Mobility limitations are common in older adults, affecting the physical, psychological, and social aspects of an older adult's life. The term quality of life (QOL) references the general well-being of individuals and societies. The term is used in a wide range of contexts, including the fields of international development, healthcare, and politics. Quality of life should not be confused with the concept of standard of living, which is based primarily on income. Instead, standard indicators of the quality of life include not only wealth and employment but also the built environment, physical and mental health, education, recreation and leisure time, and social belonging Quality of life (QOL) is aboard concept affected in a complex way by the person’s physical health, psychological state, social relationship, and the relationship to salient feature of the environment. Aim: This study aimed to assess the nature of relationship between mobility on QOL in older adults through assessing the older adults’ mobility, Activity of daily living (ADL) and QOL. Subjects and methods: A descriptive study was conducted on a convenient sample of 75 older adults in Social Care Home at Makkah AL-Mukarramah. Tools of data collection were an interview questionnaire form to collect socio-demographic characteristics, Elderly Mobility Scale (EMS), WHOQOL-BREF, and ADL. Results: The current study revealed that nearly half of older adults their ages ranged from (>75- 85 years) and more than two thirds of them had osteoarthritis, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and urinary incontinence, more than half of the study sample were received assistance in bathing, dressing, and continence and more than half of subjects feeds themselves without assistance. Conclusion: There is a strong positively relationship between QOL, ADL, and elderly mobility (EM). Most of the older adults at geriatric home are completely dependent in ADL and mobility. Also there was highly statistically significant difference between QOL and EM. Recommendation: Training exercise must be provided upon initial range of motion of older adult, and encourage the older adult to applied ADLs.Key words: Mobility, Quality of Life, Older Adult and Geriatric Home

Nonlinear Channel Estimation Error Effect on Capacity of MIMO System

This paper presents the effect of nonlinearity and the effect of estimation error on the channel capacity in MIMO system. We consider a nonlinear MIMO channel, and compare the capacity of Rayleigh MIMO channel model with estimation error with the nonlinear model, at different estimation errors. We consider the estimation error as Gaussian distribution. The simulation results show that the channel capacity of linear and nonlinear MIMO channels are sensitive to the channel estimation error, and due to the nonlinearity, the capacity is less than linear channel. Keywords: MIMO, MIMO Modeling, channel capacity, channel estimation error, nonlinear MIMO channel.

Assessment of the Effect of two Different Digital Fabrication Techniques on Marginal and Internal Fit of Interim Fixed Dental Prothesis

Aim: The aim of that study was to evaluate the marginal and internal fit of a 3-unit, and 6-unit interim fixed dental prosthesis manufactured through milling and 3D printing technologies. Materials and Methods: Forty-eight interim fixed dental prostheses (FDP) were equally divided into two groups according to the fabrication technique. In group (MT), specimens were fabricated through milling technology while in group (PT), specimens were obtained by 3D printing. Each group was subdivided equally according to the FDP span length into 3-unit FDP (SFDP), and 6-unit FDP (LFDP). Marginal and internal fit were measured through the superimposition of the digital master model data and data of the fitting surfaces of the milled and printed FDPs using the “best-fit” alignment feature of a 3D evaluation superimposition software. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the two fabrication techniques as well as the two span lengths. The significance level was set at P \u3c 0.05. Results: Results showed that 3D printing showed statistically significantly higher overall marginal gap distance (MGD) than the milling technique for the (SFDP) subgroup while milling showed higher overall (MGD) values than 3D printing for the (LFDP) subgroup. For internal fit, 3D printing showed lower overall internal gap distance values than milling. Conclusions: Milling technology was able to produce restorations with better marginal fit compared to 3D printing only in 3-unit FDPs. However, the opposite was true when the internal fit of the restorations was considered where 3D printing surpassed the milling technique in both the short-span and long-span FDPs. Consequently, 3D printing could be the technique of preference for fabricating provisional restorations especially when it comes to complex long span FDPs

Computation of Dynamic Large Displacements in Earth Systems

A model for the computation of seismically induced permanent displacements is earth structures are proposed. This model allows relative sliding between different zones of the structure under investigation. Large displacements are allowed between these zones. Elasto-plastic constitutive soil behavior is accounted for. An updated Lagrangian Jaumann Finite Element formulation is used. The proposed model is used to predict the observed behavior of LaVillita Dam during the November 15, 1975 earthquake

Practical Needs in Assessing Response to Therapy in Operated Brain High Grade Glioma According to Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology Criteria

Background: Tumors known as gliomas begin in the brain or spine's glial cells and might spread throughout the body.  An effort was made to improve tumor response evaluation and end point selection through the Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (RANO) working group. Objective: To standardize the assessment method and results reporting by applying MRI-RANO criteria in detecting glioma response to surgical treatment. Patients and Methods: This was a prospective cohort study included 12 patients (4 males and 8 females) whose mean age was 53.6 ± 15.1years. Included patients are those who were operated and pathologically proved as brain glioma grade IV (GBM). They underwent post-operative MRI within 48 hours and are available for follow up MRI after 3 months. Imaging modalities applied in both MRI exams were conventional magnetic resonance imaging, MRI diffusion weighted images, and contrast imaging. RANO criteria were applied. Results: According to RANO criteria, none of the lesions had pseudo response or pseudo progression. However, two thirds (66.7%) had progressive disease and one third (33.3%) had complete response. There was statistically significant association between MRI findings 3 months postoperative and RANO criteria as patients with compete response had statistically significant decrease on measurable solid components, diffusion restriction, post contrast enhancement and all lesions had grade I edema with no mass effect or midline shift compared to patients with progressive disease. 4 cases that showed complete response category had fulfilled all the RANO criteria, while 8 cases with category progressive disease had fulfilled more than one of the described RANO criteria. Conclusion: RANO criteria are an effective tool to be used in interpretation of MRI for follow-up of surgically operated glioma patients to detect their response

Preoperative evaluation of patients with ovarian masses using the risk of malignancy index 4 model

Objective: To evaluate the performance of the RMI 4 in discriminating benign from malignant ovarian masses. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Assiut Women Health Hospital- Egypt. Materials and methods: This was an observational cross-sectional study involving 91 patients at Women\u27s Health Hospital, Assiut University, Egypt during the period between January, 2016 and January, 2017. Women with ovarian masses planned for surgical management were recruited from the outpatient gynecology clinic of the hospital. Risk of malignancy index (RMI 4) was calculated for all study participants. Biopsies obtained from the ovarian masses after surgical intervention were sent to the pathology lab for histopathological examination. The histopathologic diagnosis of the ovarian masses is considered the gold standard for diagnosis. Results: The mean age of patients in the benign group was 34.83±16.28 years versus 43.43±15.91 in the malignant group. There were 12 postmenopausal patients (15.6%) in the benign group versus 4 postmenopausal patients (28.6%) in the malignant group (p=0.0001). An ultrasound score of 4 was recorded in 85.7% of patients in the malignant group versus only 6.5% in the benign group (p=0.0001). Additionally, tumor size ≥ 7 cm was observed in 85.7% of patients in the malignant group versus 55.8% in the benign group (p=0.0001). The mean value of CA-125 was significantly higher in malignant group than the benign group (142.09±41.50 versus 54.51±32.86 ml, respectively) with p=0.01. RMI 4 had a sensitivity of 75%, specificity of 97.3%, PPV of 85.7%, NPV of 94.8 % and an overall accuracy of 93.4%. Conclusions: RMI 4 is a simple and reliable tool in the primary evaluation of patients with ovarian masses. It can further be used to discriminate benign from malignant ovarian masses with high sensitivity and accuracy